CN1010552B - 处理加压饱和吸收剂溶液的方法 - Google Patents

处理加压饱和吸收剂溶液的方法

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Publication number
CN1010552B
CN1010552B CN88101356A CN88101356A CN1010552B CN 1010552 B CN1010552 B CN 1010552B CN 88101356 A CN88101356 A CN 88101356A CN 88101356 A CN88101356 A CN 88101356A CN 1010552 B CN1010552 B CN 1010552B
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China
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gas
section
absorbent solution
stripping
pressure
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CN88101356A (zh
Inventor
格哈德·格吕内瓦尔德
汉斯·卡默勒
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Linde Co ltd
Metal Co ltd
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Linde Co ltd
Metal Co ltd
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Publication of CN88101356A publication Critical patent/CN88101356A/zh
Publication of CN1010552B publication Critical patent/CN1010552B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475Removing carbon dioxide
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

一种含CO2和至少一种有用气体(CH4、H2或CO2)的气体,在至少5巴压力的洗气段中,经吸收剂溶液提纯,饱和的吸收剂溶液经物理溶解吸收CO2和至少一种有用气体,饱和溶液在汽提段内释压到中阀压力,并在上述汽提段中用主要含CO2的气体汽提,吸收剂溶液进一步释压,主要含CO2的闽瓣出气体排出释压段。饱和溶液在汽提段前的释压段中释压到第一中间压力,然后该溶液送入汽提段。闪蒸出气体可以用作汽提气体。

Description

本发明涉及一种处理饱和的吸收剂溶液的方法,在至少5巴压力的洗气段中,该吸收剂溶液直接同欲提纯的、含有CO2和至少一种有用气体(甲烷、氢气或一氧化碳)的气体接触,这种液气接触的结果是,上述的吸收剂溶液通过物理溶解吸收了CO2和至少一种有用气体。
长期以来,用物理作用的吸收剂溶液提纯气体,特别是从气体中除去CO2和H2S已人所共知。这种方法在德国专利1494806,美国专利3531917和3710546中已有介绍。人们也已经知道用释压、加热、汽提处理方法或者上述方法的结合来再生饱和的吸收溶液。使用物理作用的吸收剂溶液主要是甲醇或N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)。气体洗涤器通常操作温度为+60℃至-80℃。
在洗涤气体过程中,吸收剂溶液不仅吸收杂质,而且也吸收相当量的有用气体。基于这种原因,从饱和的吸收剂溶液中至少回收部分的上述有用气体是本发明的目的。本发明的方法为饱和的吸收剂溶液在汽提段释压至中等压力,该气提段装有促进交换部件,在上述的汽提段中,饱和的吸收剂溶液被主要含CO2的气体汽提,含闪蒸出气体,汽提气体以及有用气体的混合气体从汽提段排出,吸收剂溶液在随后的释压段中进一步释压,主要由CO2组成的闪蒸出气体从这一释压段排出。
送入汽提段的、且主要含CO2的汽提气体可以全部或部分来自外气源。然而,为上述目的,向汽提段送入由随后的释压 段闪蒸出的所有或部分气体或许是最理想的。
释压段最好在汽提段之前,从洗气段向该释压段送入饱和的吸收剂溶液,且在释压段中吸收剂溶液释压到第一中间压力。吸收剂溶液然后进入汽提段。而部分有用气体和一些CO2在上述的释压段中释放出来,送入到气提段的吸收剂溶液仍然含有相当大量的CO2。在这种情况下,适当选择气提段的压力,使吸收剂溶液几乎完全被汽提段中CO2饱和,其结果是,吸收剂溶液仅仅能以低的比率从汽提气体中吸收CO2,而相当大比率的CO2作为汽提气体发挥作用。
在洗气段中欲提纯的天然气将含有由甲烷和高级烃组成的有用气体。欲提纯的合成气体将含有由一氧化碳和氢气组成的有用气体。但本发明方法不限于上述两种类型的气体,它也可以应用于各种类型的气体。
结合附图详述本发明方法。
欲处理的原料气,经管线1送入洗气段2。在洗气段2的顶端经管线3送入再生后的吸收剂溶液。原料气至少含一种有用的气体组分,如CH4、H2或CO,同时也含有作为杂质的最少量的CO2。在洗气段2中,至少一部分上述的CO2被吸收剂溶液从混合气体中除去,该洗气段压力通常保持在5至100巴,最好是保持在15至80巴之间。纯气体经管线4排出。在温度为+60℃至-80℃之间使用过的吸收剂溶液,经管线6送入在前的释压段7,在该释压段中,吸收剂溶液充分释压,闪蒸出含5-80%有用气体的气体。闪蒸出气体经管线8、节流阀9和管线10送入第二洗气段11,同时经管线12向这个洗气段送入再生后的吸收剂溶液以充分吸收特别是已接收的混合气体中的CO2。剩余气体主要由有用气体组成,它们被压气机13经管线14送入第一洗气段2再循环。
流出在前释压段7的吸收剂溶液和流出第二洗气段11并流经管线17的饱和的吸收剂溶液,经管线16一块送入汽提段20,在汽提段20进行部分释压。该气提段装有促进交换部件21,如熟知的板或填料。来自管线22的高含量CO2的闪蒸出的气体被送入到汽提段20的下部,在该汽提段中,上述闪蒸出气体起汽提气体的作用。另外,高含量CO2气体可经虚线表示的管线24从外源送入。混合气体从汽提段20的顶部排出,并且经管线23也送入第二洗气段11。
特别是倘若流出洗气段2的吸收剂溶液的有用气体含量相对低于它的CO2的含量时,管线6中的饱和的吸收剂溶液和来自管线17的吸收剂溶液一块直接送入气提段20。
经汽提段20处理后的吸收剂溶液,经管线25送入后续的释压段26。经管线25中的吸收剂溶液含CO2以及少量残存的有用气体。该吸收剂溶液的有用气体含量不超过管线6中吸收剂溶液的有用气体含量的10%,最好不超过5%。因释压段26中的释压作用而闪蒸出的气体,主要含CO2,它排出后,经管线22被压气机27送入汽提段20。倘若经管线30排出的吸收剂溶液还未充分再生,那么,该溶液将在再生器31中进行后处理。可以使用已知的常规再生处理方法进行,即释压,汽提和/或热再生方法。再生后的吸收剂溶液经管线3和12再循环至洗气段2和11。假如省略再生器31,来自管线30的吸收剂溶液再循环至两个吸收剂段2和11。
在一如图1所示的,但不包含图中第二洗气段11的实施例中,以每小时2232千克分子的速率向洗气段2送入甲烷(CH4)与二氧化碳(CO2)的混合气体。在70巴的压力下,用NMP吸收剂溶液处理可充分地除CO2,当NMP吸收剂溶液经管线3以每小时565立方米的流量送入时,它含有每小时204千克分 子的CO2,当NMP溶液经管线6流出洗气段时,它的温度为27℃。在释压段7中的压力约30巴,汽提段20中的压力约为20巴,而释压段26中的压力约为15巴。
流经管线6、16、25和30的吸收剂溶液含有下述流量(千克分子/小时)的CO2和CH4
6    16    25    30
CO22356 2107 2154 1662
CH4170 49 0.52 0.02
管线4、8、23和22中的混合气体,由CO2和CH4组成,且含有下述流量(千克分子/小时)的CO2和CH4
4    8    23    22
CO280 249 445 492
CH42062 121 48.98 0.5
很明显,管线4中导入的提纯气体中,损失的甲烷在导入管线8和23的混合气体中,几乎全部得到回收。

Claims (4)

1、一种处理饱和吸收剂溶液的方法,在至少5巴压力的洗气段中,该吸收剂溶液直接同欲提纯的、含有CO2和至少一种有用气体(如甲烷、氢气或一氧化碳)的气体接触,以致上述的吸收剂溶液通过物理溶解,吸收CO2和至少一种有用气体,其特征在于饱和吸收剂溶液在装有促进交换部件的汽提段中释压到中间压力,饱和吸收剂溶液在上述的汽提段中被主要含有CO2的气体汽提,含闪蒸出气体,汽提气体以及有用气体的混合气体从汽提段排出,吸收剂溶液在后续释压段进一步释压,主要由二氧化碳组成的闪蒸出气体从该释压段排出。
2、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于流出洗气段的吸收剂溶液在汽提段之前的释压段中首先释压到第一中间压力,在上述的在前释压段中的已闪蒸出的气体流出释压段,吸收剂溶液随后送入汽提段。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于流出汽提段的混合气体,和/或来自前面释压段闪蒸出气体,在第二洗气段中用物理作用的吸收剂溶液处理,以除去至少部分量的CO2,处理后的气体从第二洗气段排出,饱和吸收剂溶液从第二洗气段送入汽提段。
4、按权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其特征在于后续释压段中闪蒸出的气体被送入汽提段。
CN88101356A 1987-03-28 1988-03-25 处理加压饱和吸收剂溶液的方法 Expired CN1010552B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3710360A DE3710360C1 (de) 1987-03-28 1987-03-28 Verfahren zum Behandeln einer beladenen,unter Druck stehenden Waschloesung
DEP3710360.1 1987-03-28

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CN1010552B true CN1010552B (zh) 1990-11-28

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EP (1) EP0285189B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1010552B (zh)
BR (1) BR8800669A (zh)
CA (1) CA1306233C (zh)
DD (1) DD268251A5 (zh)
DE (2) DE3710360C1 (zh)
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Publication number Publication date
IN167377B (zh) 1990-10-20
EP0285189A3 (en) 1989-04-26
US4834781A (en) 1989-05-30
BR8800669A (pt) 1988-10-04
DE3710360C1 (de) 1988-10-27
DE3881736D1 (de) 1993-07-22
CN88101356A (zh) 1988-10-19
CA1306233C (en) 1992-08-11
EP0285189B1 (de) 1993-06-16
DD268251A5 (de) 1989-05-24
EP0285189A2 (de) 1988-10-05

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