CN101054644A - Aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A aluminum-based alloy self-lubricating materials and method for making same relates to the technology for preparing composite metal materials. Aimming at the evil of large gas cavity amount in aluminum-based alloy self-lubricating materials, there is disclosed a aluminum-based alloy self-lubricating materials and method for making same. Said scheme is as follows: selecing aluminium alloy as a basal body alloy, adding a slipping agent into the aluminium alloy fused mass, wherein said slipping agent is composed of one of copper facing mineral carbon or one mixture of copper facing mineral carbon and copper facing carbon fabric or one mixture of copper facing mineral carbon and nickel plating carbon fibre and is prepared through stirring-mixing, vacuum outgassing and casting, and the basal body aluminium alloy comprises (based on mass percent) Si of 6.5-9.0, Mg of 0.8-1.2, Mn of 0.1-0.5, Ti of 0.1-0.25, Zn of not more than 0.3, Fe of not more than 0.5, Cu of not more than 0.3, Ni of not more than 0.1, in which the allowance is Al. The weight of the added substance is 7-12%, 10-18% and 10-17 of the total weight of the aluminum-based alloy respectively when copper facing mineral carbon, the mixture of copper facing mineral carbon and copper facing carbon fabric and the mixture of copper facing mineral carbon and nickel plating carbon fibre are adopted. There is less gas cavities existing in said material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the metal-base composites technology of preparing, especially the performance of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating is strengthened and technology of preparing about adding copper-plated graphite carbon fiber and nickel-coated carbon fibers.
Background technology
The preparation method who strengthens aluminium base self-lubricating material at present has following several:
Vacuum pressure infiltration method vacuum pressure infiltration method is the vacuum infiltration method again.This method is at first made precast body to wild phase, put into the pressure-bearing casting mold then, heating, vacuumize, negative pressure by the vacuum generation, make liquid matrix metal melt overcome wicking action friction resistance and impel liquation that pottery is strengthened the wetting of body and infiltrate the hole solidification forming of prefabricated component, make composite parts, thereby obtain metal-base composites.There are defectives such as complex process, product be little in this method, particularly longer owing to the reaction times, stronger surface reaction takes place with wild phase in the matrix of fusing sometimes, even can damage wild phase, reduce the reinforced effects of wild phase, large-scale industrialization is produced the large-scale composite material goods and is not easy to realize.
The powder metallurgic method powder metallurgic method is to be used to prepare one of main method with shaped particles, short fiber reinforced metal-base self-lubricating material.It is to utilize the powder metallurgy principle, with matrix metal powder and strongthener (whisker, staple fibre, particle etc.) in the ratio of design requirements mixing under suitable condition, and then pressed compact, sintering, shaping or directly carry out hot pressing, hot rolling, hot extrude and be shaped with compound, also compound pressed compact post-heating semi-solid-state shaping be can be carried out in the solid-liquid phase humidity province of matrix metal, thereby matrix material or its product obtained.Adopt powder method preparation and form metal based composites, its advantage is: the add-on of strongthener is easy to any adjustment, and the volume fraction of wild phase and matrix composition all can accurately be controlled, and the product dimensional precision is good, be easy to realize once shaped, and the scope of molded article is wider.But, the material or the product that adopt this legal system be equipped with to be shaped, its compactness is relatively poor, in matrix and matrix and strongthener often have micro-hole at the interface, matrix combines not good enough with the strongthener interface.And, strongthener (mainly being fiber and particle) subject to damage in the pressed compact forming process.In addition, the high pure metal powder is produced difficulty, costs an arm and a leg, and complex technical process also is one of shortcoming of this method.
Known traditional stirring casting method that the stirring casting method stirring casting method is among the present invention to be stated, the process of paddling process preparation and form metal based self-lubricating material and product is: earlier matrix metal is melted in stove, under liquid state or semi-solid state, stir, and add strongthener (staple fibre, whisker or particle etc.) while stirring, strongthener is uniformly distributed in the matrix metal, thereby prepares composite material sizing agent.Then, according to the needs of follow-up forming process, with the composite material sizing agent that matrix is in liquid state or semi-solid state cast, liquid forging, rolling or extrusion molding, thereby obtain metal-base composites or product.Plant preparation method with first three and compare, paddling process is simple to operate, production efficiency is high, cheap for manufacturing cost; Made matrix material ingot casting is convenient to the part that precision casting, sand mold casting become various complicated shapes, also can be squeezed into various section bars, tubing, rod and be rolled into sheet material.But traditional stirring casting method prepares in the composite material, can form a large amount of pores in the matrix material, has a strong impact on performance of composites.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned weak point, a kind of material that adds copper-plated graphite or plating copper and nickel carbon fiber enhancing aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating and preparation method thereof is provided, the aluminium base self-lubricating material of this method preparation, have advantages such as high specific strength, high ratio modulus, crocking resistance are good, low thermal expansion, and can carry out the secondary plastic working, pore is little, mechanical property is good, and method is simple, and is easy to operate, the product percent of pass height.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: comprise matrix alloy selection, fusing, incubation step, preparation lubricant step, in the aluminum base alloy of fusing or semi-molten, add through the lubricant step after the drying treatment, and mix step simultaneously, connect this and place vacuum oven deaeration step and casting to make the self-lubricating material step.Described lubricant is treated in advance copper-plated graphite or copper carbon fiber and copper-plated graphite mixture or nickel-coated carbon fibers and copper-plated graphite mixture a kind of.
Lubricant properties and using method are:
1, when adding copper-plated graphite in the aluminum base alloy of fusing or semi-molten, the copper-plated graphite that adds in the aluminum base alloy is 7～12% of an aluminum base alloy total mass; This graphite is that crystalline flake graphite, its grain graininess are 50～100 μ m, and copper-plated graphite copper content is no more than 33% of sole mass;
2, when adding copper-plated graphite and copper carbon fiber mixture in the aluminum base alloy of fusing or semi-molten, wherein copper-plated graphite is the described graphite in the method 1, and the carbon fiber performance characteristic of copper carbon fiber is:
| Every bundle radical (root/bundle) | Mean density (g/cm 3) | Average intensity (GPa) | Average modulus (GPa) | Filament diameter (μ m) | Length (mm) |
| 12000 | 1.76-1.78 | 3.0-7.0 | 220-240 | 7-8 | ≤5 |
Copper carbon fiber copper content is no more than 40% of sole mass, the mixture that adds in the aluminum base alloy is 10～18% of an aluminum base alloy total mass, the copper-plated graphite in the mixture and the combined amount of copper carbon fiber be copper-plated graphite account for the aluminium alloy total amount 7～12%, copper carbon fiber accounts for 3～6% of aluminium alloy total amount;
3, when in the aluminum base alloy of fusing or semi-molten, adding copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers mixture, wherein copper-plated graphite is method 1 a described copper-plated graphite, the carbon fiber of nickel-coated carbon fibers is the carbon fiber described in the method 2, nickel-coated carbon fibers nickel content is no more than 33% of sole mass, the mixture that adds in the aluminum base alloy is 10～17% of an aluminum base alloy total mass, copper-plated graphite in the mixture and nickel-coated carbon fibers combined amount be copper-plated graphite account for the aluminium alloy total amount 7～12%, nickel-coated carbon fibers accounts for 3～5% of aluminium alloy total amount.
The method that adds the preparation of the preceding lubricant of aluminum base alloy melt is:
1, copper-plated graphite is that graphite granule is adopted chemical plating method copper facing, zinc powder is made reductive agent, acetum is made dispersion agent, processing condition are: plating bath is to contain copper sulfate 30-50g in every premium on currency, zinc powder 20-35g, and concentration is 99% glacial acetic acid solution 15-30mL, the electroless plating additive is 1.5-2.0mL, pH is 4.0-5.0, and plating time is 15～20min, and bath temperature is 25-45 ℃.Wherein the electroless plating additive is that the polyoxyethylene glycol of 1000-6000 is a solvent with the molecular weight, and the dipyridyl of the benzotriazole of the 1 liter of interior interpolation of solvent 0.5-1.5mg, the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate of 20-40mg, 10-20mg and the sodium sulphite of 10-20mg are made copper-plated graphite copper content and is no more than 33% of sole mass.
2, copper carbon fiber is that carbon fiber is adopted electro-plating method copper facing, and processing condition are: plating bath is to contain CuSO in every premium on currency
46H
2O 60-120g, H
2SO
4100-220g, electroplating additive are 20-40ml, current density 0.3-0.6A/dm
2Electroplating time 7-10min, wherein electroplating additive is that 12000 polyoxyethylene glycol is a solvent with molecular weight, and the polyethylene alcohol ether that adds 2 imidazole thiones, the 2 sulfenyl pyridine benzothiazolinones of aryl sulfonic acid amine salt, 5-10mg of 10-20mg and 5-10mg in 1 liter of solvent is made copper carbon fiber copper content and is no more than 40% of sole mass.
3, nickel-coated carbon fibers is that carbon fiber is adopted method for electroplating nickel nickel plating, and processing condition are that plating bath is to contain NiSO in every premium on currency
46H
2O 200～300g, H
3BO
325～35g, nickel plating additive solution 20～40ml, current density 0.4～0.45A/dm
2Electroplating time 2～3min, wherein the nickel plating additive is to add 100～120g NaCl in 1 liter molecular weight is 12000～20000 polyoxyethylene glycol solvent, 3.5～5.5g benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 4～6g sodium lauryl sulphate, 0.5～0.8g diethylin pentyne glycol and make nickel-coated carbon fibers nickel content and be no more than 33% of sole mass.
At first lubricant is carried out drying treatment before adding the aluminum base alloy melt, its processing condition are:
To copper-plated graphite or to copper-plated graphite and copper carbon fiber mixture or to copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers mixture 100～250 ℃ of envrionment temperatures, under environment vacuum tightness 0.15～0.25MPa condition, drying treatment 8～15min, lubricant is sent in aluminum base alloy melt or the fritting body after handling again, stir simultaneously and vacuum stripping, its processing condition are:
Whipping temp: 670-750 ℃;
Churning time: 3-12min;
Stirring velocity: 1000-2000r/min;
Vacuum oven temperature: 730-790 ℃;
Vacuum tightness: 0.02-0.04MPa;
The vacuum stripping time: 1-5min.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: have high specific strength, high ratio modulus, good, the low thermal expansion of crocking resistance, be beneficial to the secondary plastic working, make pore minimizing in the matrix material, mechanical property improves.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add the carbon fiber mixing powder after graphite granule and the copper facing after the copper facing again, this powder mix is that the powder mixes by Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 15min and carbon fiber electrically copper facing 7min forms; Add-on is 10% of a matrix alloy total mass, and stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle and fiber are uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 670 ℃, churning time is 3min, stirring velocity is 1000r/min, the vacuum oven temperature is 730 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.02MPa, vacuum stripping time 1min, can obtain the copper-plated graphite copper carbon fiber and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, the copper-plated graphite that wherein adds alloy total amount 7%, this graphite are crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m, add the copper carbon fiber of alloy total amount 3%, this carbon fiber performance perameter is:
| Every bundle radical (root/bundle) | Mean density (g/cm 3) | Average intensity (GPa) | Average modulus (GPa) | Filament diameter (μ m) | Length (mm) |
| 12000 | 1.76-1.78 | 3.0-7.0 | 220-240 | 7-8 | ≤5 |
Embodiment 2:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add the graphite granule after the copper facing and the powder mix of the carbon fiber after the copper facing again, this powder mix is that the powder mixes by Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 17min and carbon fiber electrically copper facing 8min forms; Add-on is 15% of a matrix alloy total mass, and stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle and fiber are uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 700 ℃, churning time is 7min, stirring velocity is 1500r/min, the vacuum oven temperature is 760 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.03MPa, vacuum stripping time 3min, can obtain the copper-plated graphite copper carbon fiber and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, the copper-plated graphite that wherein adds alloy total amount 10%, this graphite are crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m, add the copper carbon fiber of alloy total amount 5%, this carbon fiber performance perameter is:
| Every bundle radical (root/bundle) | Mean density (g/cm 3) | Average intensity (GPa) | Average modulus (GPa) | Filament diameter (μ m) | Length (mm) |
| 12000 | 1.76-1.78 | 3.0-7.0 | 220-240 | 7-8 | ≤5 |
Embodiment 3:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add after the copper facing powder mix of carbon fiber behind the graphite granule and copper facing again, this powder mix is that the powder mixes by Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 20min and carbon fiber electrically copper facing 10min forms; Add-on is 18% of a matrix alloy total mass, and stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle and fiber are uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 750 ℃, churning time is 12min, stirring velocity is 2000r/min, the vacuum oven temperature is 790 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.04MPa, vacuum stripping time 5min, can obtain the copper-plated graphite copper carbon fiber and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, the copper-plated graphite that wherein adds alloy total amount 12%, this graphite are crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m, add the copper carbon fiber of alloy total amount 6%, this carbon fiber performance perameter is:
| Every bundle radical (root/bundle) | Mean density (g/cm 3) | Average intensity (GPa) | Average modulus (GPa) | Filament diameter (μ m) | Length (mm) |
| 12000 | 1.76-1.78 | 3.0-7.0 | 220-240 | 7-8 | ≤5 |
Embodiment 4:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add graphite granule after the copper facing again, add-on is 7% of a matrix alloy total mass, Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 20min, and, particle being uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy with the stirring of mechanical stirring oar, whipping temp is 750 ℃, churning time is 12min, stirring velocity is 2000r/min, and the vacuum oven temperature is 790 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.04MPa, vacuum stripping time 5min, can obtain copper-plated graphite and strengthen the Al alloy composite blank, wherein the graphite in the copper-plated graphite is crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m.
Embodiment 5:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add graphite granule after the copper facing again, add-on is 10% of a matrix alloy total mass, Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 17min, stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle is uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 700 ℃, churning time is 7min, stirring velocity is 1500r/min, and the vacuum oven temperature is 760 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.03MPa, vacuum stripping time 3min, can obtain copper-plated graphite and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, wherein the graphite in the copper-plated graphite is crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m.
Embodiment 6:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add graphite granule after the copper facing again, add-on is 12% of a matrix alloy total mass, Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 15min, stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle is uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 670 ℃, churning time is 3min, stirring velocity is 1000r/min, and the vacuum oven temperature is 730 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.02MPa, vacuum stripping time 1min, can obtain copper-plated graphite and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, wherein the graphite in the copper-plated graphite is crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m.
Embodiment 7:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add the graphite granule after the copper facing and the powder mix of the carbon fiber after the nickel plating again, this powder mix is that the powder mixes by Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 15min and carbon fiber electrically nickel plating 2min forms; Add-on is 10% of a matrix alloy total mass, and stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle and fiber are uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 670 ℃, churning time is 3min, stirring velocity is 1000r/min, the vacuum oven temperature is 730 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.02MPa, vacuum stripping time 1min, can obtain copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, the copper-plated graphite that wherein adds alloy total amount 7%, this graphite are crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m, add the nickel-coated carbon fibers of alloy total amount 3%, this carbon fiber performance perameter is:
| Every bundle radical (root/bundle) | Mean density (g/cm 3) | Average intensity (GPa) | Average modulus (GPa) | Filament diameter (μ m) | Length (mm) |
| 12000 | 1.76-1.78 | 3.0-7.0 | 220-240 | 7-8 | ≤5 |
Embodiment 8:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add after the copper facing powder mix of carbon fiber behind the graphite granule and nickel plating again, this powder mix is that the powder mixes by Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 17min and carbon fiber electrically nickel plating 2.5min forms; Add-on is 14% of a matrix alloy total mass, and stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle and fiber are uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 700 ℃, churning time is 7min, stirring velocity is 1500r/min, the vacuum oven temperature is 760 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.03MPa, vacuum stripping time 3min, can obtain copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, the copper-plated graphite that wherein adds alloy total amount 10%, this graphite are crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m, add the nickel-coated carbon fibers of alloy total amount 4%, this carbon fiber performance perameter is:
| Every bundle radical (root/bundle) | Mean density (g/cm 3) | Average intensity (GPa) | Average modulus (GPa) | Filament diameter (μ m) | Length (mm) |
| 12000 | 1.76-1.78 | 3.0-7.0 | 220-240 | 7-8 | ≤5 |
Embodiment 9:
Select matrix alloy 1000g, but this alloy aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients (wt%) by mass percentage is:
| Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ni | AL |
| 6.5～9.0 | 0.8～1.2 | 0.1～0.5 | 0.1～0.25 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.1 | Surplus |
In the time of 750 ℃, after aluminium alloy melts fully, add after the copper facing powder mix of carbon fiber behind the graphite granule and nickel plating again, this powder mix is that the powder mixes by Graphite Powder 99 Electroless copper 20min and carbon fiber electrically nickel plating 3min forms; Add-on is 17% of a matrix alloy total mass, and stir with the mechanical stirring oar, particle and fiber are uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy, whipping temp is 750 ℃, churning time is 12min, stirring velocity is 2000r/min, the vacuum oven temperature is 790 ℃, and vacuum tightness is 0.04MPa, vacuum stripping time 5min, can obtain copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers and strengthen the aluminium alloy self-lubricating material, the copper-plated graphite that wherein adds alloy total amount 12%, this graphite are crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m, add the nickel-coated carbon fibers of alloy total amount 5%, this carbon fiber performance perameter is:
| Every bundle radical (root/bundle) | Mean density (g/cm 3) | Average intensity (GPa) | Average modulus (GPa) | Filament diameter (μ m) | Length (mm) |
| 12000 | 1.76-1.78 | 3.0-7.0 | 220-240 | 7-8 | ≤5 |
Electroless copper graphite embodiment such as table 1
| With water is the plating bath preparation of solvent | ||||||
| Project name | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit |
| Copper sulfate | 30 | g/l | 40 | g/l | 50 | g/l |
| Zinc powder | 20 | g/l | 28 | g/l | 35 | g/l |
| Concentration is 99% glacial acetic acid solution | 15 | Ml/l | 22 | Ml/l | 30 | Ml/l |
| The electroless plating additive | 1.5 | Ml/l | 1.7 | Ml/l | 2.0 | Ml/l |
| The plating condition | ||||||
| PH | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | |||
| Degree of the executing time | 15 | min | 17 | min | 20 | min |
| Bath temperature | 25 | ℃ | 35 | ℃ | 45 | ℃ |
Electroless plating additive embodiment such as table 2
| Project name | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | |
| Solvent | Polyoxyethylene glycol | 1000 | Molecular weight | 3500 | Molecular weight | 6000 | Molecular weight |
| 1 | Rise | 1 | Rise | 1 | Rise | ||
| Molten | Benzotriazole | 0.5 | mg | 1 | mg | 1.5 | mg |
| Matter | Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate | 20 | mg | 30 | mg | 40 | mg |
| Dipyridyl | 10 | mg | 15 | mg | 20 | mg | |
| Sodium sulfate | 10 | mg | 15 | mg | 20 | mg |
Electro-coppering carbon fiber embodiment such as table 3
| With water is the plating bath preparation of solvent | ||||||
| Project name | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit |
| CuSO 4·6H 2O | 60 | g/l | 90 | g/l | 120 | g/l |
| H 2SO 4 | 100 | g/l | 160 | g/l | 220 | g/l |
| Electroplating additive | 20 | Ml/l | 30 | Ml/l | 40 | Ml/l |
| The plating condition | ||||||
| Current density | 0.3 | A/dm 2 | 0.45 | A/dm 2 | 0.6 | A/dm 2 |
| Electroplating time | 7 | min | 8 | min | 10 | min |
Electroplating additive embodiment such as table 4
| Project name | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | |
| Solvent | Polyoxyethylene glycol | 12000 | Molecular weight | 12000 | Molecular weight | 12000 | Molecular weight |
| 1 | Rise | 1 | Rise | 1 | Rise | ||
| Solute | The aryl sulfonic acid amine salt | 10 | mg | 15 | mg | 20 | mg |
| 2 imidazole thiones, 2 sulfenyl pyridine benzothiazolinones | 5 | mg | 7 | mg | 10 | mg | |
| The polyethylene alcohol ether | 5 | mg | 7 | mg | 10 | mg | |
Electronickelling carbon fiber embodiment such as table 5
| With water is the plating bath preparation of solvent | ||||||
| Project name | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit |
| NiSO 4·6H 2O | 200 | g/l | 250 | g/l | 300 | g/l |
| H 3BO 3 | 25 | g/l | 30 | g/l | 35 | g/l |
| The nickel plating additive solution | 20 | Ml/l | 30 | Ml/l | 40 | Ml/l |
| The plating condition | ||||||
| Current density | 0.4 | A/dm 2 | 0.43 | A/dm 2 | 0.45 | A/dm 2 |
| Electroplating time | 2 | min | 2.5 | min | 3 | min |
Nickel plating additive embodiment such as table 6
| Project name | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | Input amount | Measure unit | |
| Solvent | Polyoxyethylene glycol | 12000 | Molecular weight | 15000 | Molecular weight | 20000 | Molecular weight |
| 1 | Rise | 1 | Rise | 1 | Rise | ||
| Solute | NaCl | 100 | Gram | 110 | Gram | 120 | Gram |
| Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt | 3.5 | Gram | 4.5 | Gram | 5.5 | Gram | |
| Sodium lauryl sulphate | 4 | Gram | 5 | Gram | 6 | Gram | |
| Diethylin pentyne glycol | 0.5 | Gram | 0.65 | Gram | 0.8 | Gram | |
Copper-plated graphite and copper carbon fiber mixture preparation embodiment such as table 7, input amount is meant the % input amount that accounts for the aluminium alloy total amount
| Title material | Input amount | The metering mark | Input amount | The metering mark | Input amount | The metering mark |
| Copper-plated graphite | 7 | ％ | 9 | ％ | 12 | ％ |
| Copper carbon fiber | 3 | ％ | 4 | ％ | 6 | ％ |
| Physical condition | ||||||
| Copper-plated graphite copper content is no more than 33% of sole mass | ||||||
| Copper carbon fiber copper content surpasses 40% of sole mass | ||||||
| Stirring is mixed | ||||||
| Infiltrate before the aluminum base alloy, make dry degassing processing | ||||||
Copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers mixture preparation embodiment such as table 8, input amount is meant the % input amount that accounts for the aluminium alloy total amount
| Title material | Input amount | Metering mark % | Input amount | Metering mark % | Input amount | Metering mark % |
| Copper-plated graphite | 6 | ％ | 9 | ％ | 10 | ％ |
| Nickel-coated carbon fibers | 3 | ％ | 4 | ％ | 5 | ％ |
| Physical condition | ||||||
| Copper-plated graphite copper content is no more than 33% of sole mass | ||||||
| Nickel-coated carbon fibers nickel content surpasses 33% of sole mass | ||||||
| Stirring and evenly mixing | ||||||
| Infiltrate before the aluminum base alloy, make dry degassing processing | ||||||
Claims (9)
1, a kind of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material, it is characterized in that with the aluminium alloy being matrix alloy, in aluminium alloy melt, add lubricant, this lubricant is a kind of in copper-plated graphite or copper-plated graphite and copper carbon fiber mixture or copper-plated graphite and the nickel-coated carbon fibers mixture, through mixing, vacuum stripping and casting form, its aluminum matrix alloy composition is by mass percentage: Si 6.5～9.0, and Mg 0.8～1.2, and Mn 0.1～0.5, Ti 0.1～0.25, Zn≤0.3, Fe≤0.5, Cu≤0.3, Ni≤0.1, the AL surplus, when adopting copper-plated graphite, add copper-plated graphite and account for 7～12% of aluminum base alloy total amount; When adopting copper-plated graphite and copper carbon fiber mixture, its add-on accounts for 10～18% of aluminum base alloy total amount; When adopting copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers mixture, its add-on accounts for 10～17% of aluminum base alloy total amount.
2, a kind of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said copper-plated graphite and copper carbon fiber mixture, combined amount be copper-plated graphite account for the aluminium alloy total amount 7～12%, copper carbon fiber accounts for 3～6% of aluminium alloy total amount.
3, a kind of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers mixture, combined amount be copper-plated graphite account for the aluminium alloy total amount 7～12%, nickel-coated carbon fibers accounts for 3～5% of aluminium alloy total amount.
4, a kind of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the graphite in the said copper-plated graphite is crystalline flake graphite, and its grain graininess is 50～150 μ m.
5, a kind of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material according to claim 1 is characterized in that said copper carbon fiber or nickel-coated carbon fibers, and carbon fiber performance perameter wherein is:
Every bundle radical (root/bundle) Mean density (g/cm
3)
Average intensity (GPa) Average modulus (GPa) Filament diameter (μ m) Length (mm)
12000 1.76-1.78 3.0-7.0 220-240 7-8 ≤5
6, a kind of preparation method who prepares claim 1 aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material, comprise matrix alloy selection, fusing and incubation step, it is characterized in that also containing the lubricant step that preparation can strengthen the aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating performance, in the aluminum base alloy of fusing or semi-molten, add through dried lubricant step, and mix step simultaneously, connect this and place vacuum oven deaeration step and casting to make the self-lubricating material step, its processing condition are:
Selecting matrix alloy is aluminium alloy, and chemical ingredients is:
Si Mg Mn Ti Zn Fe Cu Ni AL
6.5～9.0 0.8～1.2 0.1～0.5 0.1～0.25 ≤0.3 ≤0.5 ≤0.3 ≤0.1 Surplus
Aluminum alloy melting in the time of 750 ℃ is incubated 670-750 ℃, and add a kind of of the copper-plated graphite crossed through degassing processing or copper-plated graphite and copper carbon fiber mixture or copper-plated graphite and nickel-coated carbon fibers mixture in the aluminium alloy melt, and mix simultaneously and stir, vacuum stripping,
Whipping temp: 670-750 ℃;
Churning time: 3-12min;
Stirring velocity: 1000-2000r/min;
Vacuum oven temperature: 730-790 ℃;
Vacuum tightness: 0.02-0.04MPa;
The vacuum stripping time: 1-5min.
7, the preparation method of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material according to claim 6 is characterized in that the said method for preparing lubricant that can strengthen the aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating performance:
(1), the preparation copper-plated graphite is that graphite granule is adopted chemical plating method copper facing, zinc powder is made reductive agent, acetum is made dispersion agent, processing condition are: plating bath is to contain copper sulfate 30-50g in every premium on currency, zinc powder 20-35g, concentration is 99% glacial acetic acid solution 15-30mL, the electroless plating additive is 1.5-2.0mL, pH is 4.0-5.0, plating time is 15～20min, bath temperature is 25-45 ℃, wherein the electroless plating additive is that the polyoxyethylene glycol of 1000-6000 is a solvent with the molecular weight, 1 liter of interior benzotriazole that adds 0.5-1.5mg of solvent, the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate of 20-40mg, the dipyridyl of 10-20mg and the sodium sulphite of 10-20mg are made, and copper-plated graphite copper content is no more than 33% of sole mass;
(2), the preparation copper carbon fiber, be that carbon fiber is adopted electro-plating method copper facing, processing condition are: plating bath is to contain CuSO in every premium on currency
46H
2O 60-120g, H
2SO
4100-220g, electroplating additive are 20-40ml, current density 0.3-0.6A/dm
2Electroplating time 7-10min, wherein electroplating additive is that 12000 polyoxyethylene glycol is a solvent with molecular weight, 1 liter of interior aryl sulfonic acid amine salt, 2 imidazole thiones, the 2 sulfenyl pyridine benzothiazolinones of 5-10mg and polyethylene alcohol ether of 5-10mg that adds 10-20mg of solvent is made, and copper carbon fiber copper content is no more than 40% of sole mass;
(3), the preparation nickel-coated carbon fibers, be that carbon fiber is adopted method for electroplating nickel nickel plating, processing condition are that plating bath is to contain NiSO in every premium on currency
46H
2O 200～300g, H
3BO
325～35g, nickel plating additive solution 20～40ml, current density 0.4～0.45A/dm
2Electroplating time 2～3min, wherein the nickel plating additive is to add 100～120g NaCl in 1 liter molecular weight is 12000～20000 polyoxyethylene glycol solvent, 3.5～5.5g benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 4～6g sodium lauryl sulphate, 0.5～0.8g diethylin pentyne glycol and making, nickel-coated carbon fibers nickel content is no more than 33% of sole mass.
8, the preparation method of aluminum-base alloy self-lubricating material according to claim 6, it is characterized in that said in the aluminum base alloy of fusing or semi-molten, the adding through dried lubricant step, wherein the drying process condition is 100～250 ℃ of envrionment temperatures, environment vacuum tightness 0.15～0.25MPa, drying treatment time 8～15min.
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