CN104711496A - Carbon-nanotube-reinforced magnesium/aluminum-base composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-nanotube-reinforced magnesium/aluminum-base composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbon-nanotube-reinforced magnesium/aluminum-base composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal-base composite material preparation. The carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in the magnesium base by a series of technical processes to obtain the carbon-nanotube-reinforced magnesium-base composite material. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing carbon nanotube-metal particle mixed powder; (2) preparing a carbon nanotube-metal particle mixed powder block; and (3) preparing the carbon-nanotube-reinforced metal-base composite material. The method has the advantages of mass production, simple technique, uniformly dispersed carbon nanotubes, no introduction of strong acid or strong base, low pollution, environment friendliness and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, 3C and other fields with demands for the carbon-nanotube-reinforced metal-base composite material.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to carbon nanotube and strengthen magnesium, aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof, belong to metal-base composites preparing technical field.
Background technology
Carbon nanotube has hollow structure, it has low density, large length-to-diameter ratio, large specific surface area, good high-temperature stability, and not easily with the features such as metal reaction, as 10-100 times that intensity is steel, and its density only has the part of steel, and average Young's modulus can reach 1 ~ 1.8TPa, 100 times of the chances are steel.Under the vacuum environment of 2800 DEG C, its heat conductivility is stablized, and exceeds 2 times than diamond.Therefore, since self-discovery carbon nanotube (CNTs), because it has excellent performance and structure, CNTs relies on its high specific tenacity and specific rigidity, the electrical and thermal conductivity of extremely low density and axial thermal expansion coefficient and uniqueness, is considered to the desirable wild phase of pottery, polymkeric substance and metal-base composites.
The carbon nanotube of excellent performance is added in metallic substance, the tensile strength of metal-base composites can be increased substantially, the performance index such as yield strength and Young's modulus, but when preparing metal-base composites using CNTs as wild phase, the specific surface area large due to it and high length-to-diameter ratio, stronger Van der Waals force is there is between carbon nanotube, reunion and wrapping phenomena between carbon nanotube is made seriously to cause with metallic matrix interface bond strength weak, the performance of havoc matrix material thus, therefore, how to improve carbon nanotube to be uniformly dispersed at metallic matrix, become the key of the carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material of processability excellence.
At present, preparing metal (aluminium, magnesium, copper etc.) based composites using carbon nanotube as wild phase is current one of study hotspot and developing direction.Main employing dry powder powder metallurgy, high-energy ball milling method, in-situ synthesized, electroless plating method and prefabricated section stirring casting method etc. prepare metal-base composites, as in the invention of " preparation method of the Carbon Nanotubes/Magnesiuum Matrix Composite of fabricated in situ " (Authorization Notice No. CN102676859A), adopt carbon nano-tube on catalysis precursor, then with magnesium powder mixing and ball milling, finally sinter, extrusion molding is to the Carbon Nanotubes/Magnesiuum Matrix Composite of fabricated in situ.
To sum up, the existing multiple method preparing carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material, there is the problem of the uneven and carbon nanotube of carbon nanotube dispersed and metallic matrix interface cohesion difference, in preparation process, also there is introducing and be unfavorable for eco-friendly material, technological process is more complicated, and is unfavorable for the deficiencies such as industrialized mass.Therefore, how by simple and effective dispersing Nano carbon tubes method and be beneficial to industrial mass manufacture and eco-friendly preparation method, be the current main direction of studying preparing carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material.
Summary of the invention
Technical purpose of the present invention is for the deficiency of current carbon nanotube in fabrication process of metal matrix composites, provides carbon nanotube to strengthen magnesium, aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof.The method by carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixed powder, obtains carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material by series of process flow process.The method can be mass, processing method is easy, carbon nanotube dispersed is even, be combined with basal body interface well, pollute the advantages such as subenvironment close friend, has broad application prospects to fields such as carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite materials at aerospace, automobile, 3C etc.
Carbon nanotube strengthens the preparation method of magnesium, aluminum matrix composite, is achieved through the following technical solutions, the steps include: the preparation of (1) carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixed powder; (2) preparation of carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixture block; (3) preparation of carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material; Specific as follows:
(1) preparation of carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixed powder
Carbon nanotube is mixed with the mode of metallic particles by dispersed with stirring or mechanical ball milling, obtains the mixed powder of carbon nanotube and metallic particles;
Preferred carbon nanotube is the combination of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes or two kinds of carbon nanotube different contents, and the purity of carbon nanotube is greater than 99.0wt.%; Above-mentioned metallic particles is preferred: the one in pure magnesium, magnesium alloy, fine aluminium, aluminium alloy, and particle size is 80 ~ 500 orders preferably.In described pure magnesium, magnesium element content is greater than 99.0wt.%.Described magnesium alloy is Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-RE series magnesium alloy.In described fine aluminium, aluminium element content is greater than 99.0wt.%.Described aluminium alloy is Al-Cu, Al-Mn, Al-Si, Al-Mg, Al-Zn-Mg, Al-RE line aluminium alloy.In carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixture, the content of carbon nanotube is 0.01 ~ 2.0wt.%.
(2) preparation of carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixed powder block
Take the mixed powder of appropriate step (1), mixed powder is placed in mould, then mould and die preheating to 400 ~ 600 DEG C are kept setting-up time 10 ~ 30min under setting pressure 200 ~ 600MPa; Then be cooled to room temperature, obtain carbon nanotube and metallic particles block;
(3) preparation of carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material
The carbon nanotube obtain step (2) and metallic particles block extrude with the extrusion temperature set, extrusion speed, extrusion ratio, obtain carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material.
Preferred processing condition is extrusion ratio is 10 ~ 25, and extrusion temperature is 200 ~ 450 DEG C, extrusion speed 0.1 ~ 10mm/s.
The present invention's preparation method's tool used has the following advantages: whole preparation method is simple, flow process is short, finally can obtain carbon nanotube dispersed in magnesium matrix, carbon nanotube and magnesium matrix interface cohesion good, centre does not have other impurity, this kind of method can carry out batch production carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material, is with a wide range of applications.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is that in embodiment 1, carbon nanotube strengthens CNTs dispersion and interface cohesion situation in pure magnesium base composite material, and wherein CNTs is cross section.
Fig. 2 is that the carbon nanotube obtained in embodiment 1 strengthens pure magnesium base composite material mechanical property situation.
Fig. 3 is that the carbon nanotube obtained in embodiment 2 strengthens Mg-Zn-Er composite materials property situation.
Embodiment:
Further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with concrete case study on implementation as follows, be pointed out that: following case study on implementation, only for illustration of specific embodiment of the invention method, can not limit rights protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The powder metallurgy of present embodiment is prepared the technique that carbon nanotube strengthens pure magnesium base composite material and is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) carbon nanotube 0.5g (single wall is taken, purity is 99.0wt.%), the pure magnesium granules of 99.5g (Mg content is 99.7wt.%, particle diameter 300 order), carry out mechanical ball milling mixing, obtain the mixed powder of carbon nanotube and pure magnesium granules;
(2) take the mixed powder of appropriate step (1), mixed powder is placed in sintered-carbide die, then by mould and die preheating to 500 DEG C, setting pressure is 300MPa, setting-up time is 20min.Then be cooled to room temperature, obtain carbon nanotube and pure magnesium granules block;
(3) by the carbon nanotube in step (2) and pure magnesium granules block in 100t tetra-post extrusion machine with extrusion ratio for 16, extrusion temperature is 300 DEG C, the processing parameter of extrusion speed 3mm/s extrudes, and the carbon nanotube obtained containing 0.5wt.%CNTs strengthens pure magnesium base composite material.
Embodiment 2:
The powder metallurgy of present embodiment is prepared the technique that carbon nanotube strengthens Mg-Zn-Er based composites and is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) carbon nanotube 0.06g (many walls are taken, purity is 99.0wt.%), (composition is 6wt.%Zn, 1wt.%Er to 99.94g magnesium alloy particles, surplus is Mg, particle diameter is 80 orders), carry out mechanical ball milling mixing, obtain the mixed powder of carbon nanotube and magnesium alloy particles;
(2) take the mixed powder of appropriate step (1), mixed powder is placed in metal die, then by mould and die preheating to 400 DEG C, setting pressure is 200MPa, setting-up time is 10min.Then be cooled to room temperature, obtain carbon nanotube and magnesium alloy particles block;
(3) by the carbon nanotube in step (2) and magnesium alloy particles block in 100t tetra-post extrusion machine with extrusion ratio for 10, extrusion temperature is 200 DEG C, the processing parameter of extrusion speed 0.1mm/s extrudes, and the carbon nanotube obtained containing 0.06wt.%CNTs strengthens Mg-Zn-Er based composites.
Embodiment 3:
The powder metallurgy of present embodiment is prepared the technique that carbon nanotube strengthens pure aluminium-based composite material and is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the carbon nanotube 2g (purity is 99.0wt.%) of single, many wall mixing is taken, (aluminium content is 99.7% to 98g fine aluminium particle, particle diameter is 500 orders), carry out mechanical ball milling mixing, obtain the mixed powder of carbon nanotube and fine aluminium particle;
(2) take the mixed powder of appropriate step (1), mixed powder is placed in sintered-carbide die, then by mould and die preheating to 600 DEG C, setting pressure is 500MPa, setting-up time is 30min.Then be cooled to room temperature, obtain carbon nanotube and fine aluminium particle population;
(3) by the carbon nanotube in step (2) and fine aluminium particle population in 100t tetra-post extrusion machine with extrusion ratio for 25, extrusion temperature is 450 DEG C, the processing parameter of extrusion speed 10mm/s extrudes, and the carbon nanotube obtained containing 2.0wt.%CNTs strengthens pure aluminium-based composite material.
Embodiment 4:
The technique that the powder metallurgy of present embodiment prepares carbon nanotube REINFORCED Al-Zn-Mg based composites is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) carbon nanotube 0.5g (many walls are taken, purity is 99.0wt.%), 99.5g aluminum alloy granule (composition is 5.9wt.%Zn, 0.9wt.%Mg, 0.30wt.%Si, 0.35wt.%Fe, 0.20wt.%Cu, 0.30wt.%Mn, 0.20wt.%Cr, 0.20wt.%Ti, surplus be Al, particle diameter is 80 orders), carry out mechanical ball milling mixing, obtain the mixed powder of carbon nanotube and aluminum alloy granule;
(2) take the mixed powder of appropriate step (1), mixed powder is placed in metal die, then by mould and die preheating to 400 DEG C, setting pressure is 300MPa, setting-up time is 20min.Then be cooled to room temperature, obtain carbon nanotube and aluminum alloy granule block;
(3) by the carbon nanotube in step (2) and aluminum alloy granule block in 100t tetra-post extrusion machine with extrusion ratio for 16, extrusion temperature is 450 DEG C, the processing parameter of extrusion speed 3mm/s extrudes, and obtains the carbon nanotube REINFORCED Al-Zn-Mg based composites containing 0.5wt.%CNTs.
Although list in detail here and describe preferred case study on implementation, but those skilled in the art are known, can carry out the modes such as various improvement, interpolation, replacement when not departing from marrow of the present invention, these contents are all identified as and belong within scope of the present invention that claim limits.
Claims (10)
1. carbon nanotube strengthens the preparation method of magnesium, aluminum matrix composite, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixed powder
Carbon nanotube is mixed with the mode of metallic particles by dispersed with stirring or mechanical ball milling, obtains the mixed powder of carbon nanotube and metallic particles;
(2) preparation of carbon nanotube and metallic particles mixed powder block
Take the mixed powder that appropriate step (1) obtains, mixed powder is placed in mould, then mould and die preheating to 400 ~ 600 DEG C are kept setting-up time 10 ~ 30min under setting pressure 200 ~ 600MPa; Then be cooled to room temperature, obtain carbon nanotube and metallic particles block;
(3) preparation of carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material
The carbon nanotube obtain step (2) and metallic particles block extrude with the extrusion temperature set, extrusion speed and extrusion ratio, obtain carbon nano-tube reinforced metal-matrix composite material.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described carbon nanotube is the combination of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes or two kinds of carbon nanotube different contents, and the purity of carbon nanotube is more than or equal to 99.0wt.%.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the carbon nanotube in step (1) and metallic particles mixed powder, the content of carbon nanotube is 0.01 ~ 2.0wt.%.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, the metallic particles particle diameter described in step (1) is 80 ~ 500 orders, and metallic particles is pure magnesium, pure Al alloys andMg alloys or aluminium alloy.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), extrusion ratio is 10 ~ 25, and extrusion temperature is 200 ~ 450 DEG C, extrusion speed 0.1 ~ 10mm/s.
6. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described pure magnesium, magnesium element content is greater than 99.0wt.%.
7. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that, described magnesium alloy is Mg-Al, Mg-Zn or Mg-RE series magnesium alloy.
8. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described fine aluminium, aluminium element content is greater than 99.0wt.%.
9. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that, described aluminium alloy is Al-Cu, Al-Mn, Al-Si, Al-Mg, Al-Zn-Mg or Al-RE line aluminium alloy.
10. the carbon nanotube obtained according to the either method of claim 1-9 strengthens magnesium, aluminum matrix composite.
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| CN105861961A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-17 | 苏州赛福德备贸易有限公司 | Carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN107604273A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-01-19 | 德施普科技发展温州有限公司 | A kind of antirust composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN110004450A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 河北科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of magnesium or the modified composite deposite of Mg alloy surface carbon nanotubes |
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| CN110004450A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 河北科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of magnesium or the modified composite deposite of Mg alloy surface carbon nanotubes |
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