CN1880494A - High-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials and composite preparation process therefor - Google Patents
High-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials and composite preparation process therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1880494A CN1880494A CN 200610041896 CN200610041896A CN1880494A CN 1880494 A CN1880494 A CN 1880494A CN 200610041896 CN200610041896 CN 200610041896 CN 200610041896 A CN200610041896 A CN 200610041896A CN 1880494 A CN1880494 A CN 1880494A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reinforced aluminum base composite material and composite preparing method of high-strength heat-resistance confounding particle, which is composed of base alloy and reinforced-phase, wherein the base alloy can be standard brand aluminum alloy and other aluminum alloy; the reinforced-phase is nanometer Al3Ti, TiB2 particle generated by original position reaction and micrometer-grade SiC particle introduced by liquid stir. The method comprises the following steps: fusing base alloy; proceeding original position reaction for base alloy; stirring liquid; casting element blank after deteriorating and degumming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material field, relate generally to aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof, specifically is exactly a kind of high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Metal-base composites is an important army group of novel material research, and metal-base composites possesses the advantage of matrix alloy usually, also possesses simultaneously to strengthen the characteristic that body brought, so possess the performance superior than matrix alloy.Study more have magnesium base composite material, aluminum matrix composite etc.In composite study and preparation, strengthen the size, distribution of body and very big to the influence of novel material with the interface combination degree of matrix etc.
Ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material has premium propertiess such as high specific strength, high ratio modulus, low density, low thermal coefficient of expansion, good volume stability; being applicable to and making novel environment friendly piston, cylinder, brake facing and other resistance to air loss part, also is simultaneously the ideal material of making connecting rod, transmission mechanism, rotor etc.Therefore the research and development of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material also is an important directions of novel material research.
Along with science and technology development, each technical field all proposes higher requirement to novel material, such as: modern engine is just towards high-power, high pressure charging, high compact, the low heat emission direction develops, this development has proposed more and more higher requirement to the material and the forming technique of engine key components and parts piston, just the material that will look for novelty possesses high tough, wear-resistant, dimensional stability is good, it is good simultaneously also to possess plasticity, the light material that processing characteristics is good, and the matrix material of available technology adopting unitary system Preparation Method preparation at present also is difficult to satisfy the requirement of modern engine to novel material.
Promptly add wear resistance, dimensional stability and the high temperature tensile properties that metal-base composites that particle makes can effectively improve material by the prepared aluminum matrix composite of liquid agitation.But strengthen body and deleterious surface reaction of matrix and low interface bond strength, cause the plasticity and the fatigue property of material to reduce, can only reach 60～80% of aluminum matrix alloy, and the ceramic particle of hard causes the Drawing abillity variation, machining energy increases, to the abrasion loss increase of cutter.The obstruction that all these are serious the popularization and the utilization of this material.
The in-situ authigenic legal system be equipped with matrix material be develop in recent years than the novel composite material preparation method, its ultimate principle is under certain condition, rely on design of alloy, by in alloy liquid chemical reaction taking place, the pottery or the intermetallic compound that generate one or more high rigidity, high elastic coefficient strengthen body and reach the purpose that strengthens metallic matrix.Because it is spontaneous in matrix by reaction in to strengthen body, strengthen body and basal body interface cleaning, stable, bonding strength is big, and unharmful bonding interface is evenly distributed.Strengthen body and in matrix material, play high temperature enhancement and grain refining effect, so tensile strength, plasticity and the fatigue property of the matrix material of preparation all are greatly improved.But, owing to strengthen body size tiny (≤1 μ m), cause the wearing and tearing of this material and damping capacity all suitable with aluminum matrix alloy, far away can not with add particulate reinforced composite and compare.
The technology of preparing of two kinds of matrix materials respectively has relative merits, it is a lot of to prepare the composite study document about single technology of preparing both at home and abroad, go up article, " China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica " 03 phase in 2003 of publication such as " mechanical engineering journal " 04 phase in 2000 and go up friction and wear behavior, the damping capacity that people such as publishing Gu Min has studied SiC and Gr (graphite) particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, adopt vacuum back-pressure infiltration technology, spray coprecipitated technology, extrusion process moulding.Its reinforce is and adds particle, and size is big, exists harmful interface junction to close, in addition, complex process, only suitable making in laboratory can not large-scale industrial production.
" China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica " has the preparation and the evaluation of couple SiCw and nano SiC p hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material on 07 phase in 2004, mainly adopt wet moulding.Also having the article that upward publishes in " mechanical engineering journal " 11 phases in 2003 is research Al
3O
2With C staple fibre hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material high-temperature wear behavior, also main the employing pushed the osmose process moulding.Equally all be to add the reinforce type, though the advantage of wear resistance is outstanding, aluminum matrix composite processing characteristics, anti-fatigue performance and the plasticity of preparation are all relatively poor.
Patent 85108934 and 85102454 has been reported a kind of eutectic piston alloy respectively, all is not the category of matrix material.
Warp is at existing infosystem and network retrieval, and the research of adopting compound technology of preparing to carry out aluminum matrix composite does not appear in the newspapers as yet.The information of the aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules that the compound technology of preparing of same employing is directly prepared is not appeared in the newspapers yet.
The result of literature search shows that research of the present invention does not appear in the newspapers as yet at home and abroad.Also find no document identical and information with the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that above-mentioned technology or method exist, provide a kind of high tough, high temperature resistant, wear-resistant, antifatigue, modulus big (good rigidity), good, the lightweight micro-nano aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules of dimensional stability and technology is simple, good stability, be suitable for the compound technology of preparing of this matrix material of preparation of large-scale industrial production.
The present invention finds to adopt the particulate reinforced composite of single method preparation to have outstanding advantage on some performance on practice and the basis analyzed, and has bigger defective on other performances.Design of the present invention is in conjunction with above-mentioned two kinds of single composite material and preparation method thereofs, being about to the liquid method for preparing ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material that stirs combines with the method that the in-situ authigenic legal system is equipped with matrix material, develop a kind of novel composite preparation process, this novel composite preparation process has been brought into play the advantage of each single technology of preparing, the high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites of preparation also is a kind of new combination, possesses the advantage of high tough, high-modulus, heat-resisting, wear-resisting, antifatigue, low bulk.
Below technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated
The present invention is that the realization of novel material is as a kind of product: be matrix alloy with the aluminium alloy, its reinforce is the nano level Al that reaction in generates
3Ti, TiB
2Particle and the micron order SiC particle of introducing by liquid stirring.Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent is controlled at 1.0～3.0%, and the SiC weight percent is controlled at 8～10%.
The present invention is that the realization of novel material also is to mix enhanced Al as a kind of product
3Ti, TiB
2With the weight ratio of SiC be: 1: 1: 3～10.
Realization of the present invention is also to be the composite preparation process of this matrix material, and promptly the concrete steps of the composite preparation process of micro-nano hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material are:
The first step: the aluminium alloy is a matrix alloy, matrix alloy is melted join;
Second step:, degasification rotten, refining to the molten matrix alloy for preparing;
The 3rd step: as the TiOs of temperature 700～1000 ℃ of adding preheatings
2, Na
3AlF
6, KBF
4Powder and SiC particulate, its add-on is by above-mentioned generation reinforce Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent control and add the weight percent control of reinforce SiC, and stirred 20～50 minutes with 600～2500 rev/mins speed, treat to be cooled to 740～800 ℃ after the even particle distribution;
The 4th step: degasification once more, refining, skimming;
The 5th step: left standstill the cast part 30 minutes.
Aluminium alloy that can the selection standard trade mark in the first step also can select for use other novel aluminum alloy as matrix alloy as matrix alloy.For preventing that reinforce from reuniting, before adding to its preheating, and after step in carry out once more concise.Though the equipment that the present invention adopts for to lose efficacy, once was 96236021.0 liquid state stirring ceramic reinforced metal based composites preparation facilities of Chinese utility model patent.
The present invention with the preparation method of two kinds of single particle enhanced aluminum-based composite materials in conjunction with utilization, the method that makes the in-situ authigenic legal system be equipped with matrix material combines with the liquid method for preparing ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material that stirs, do not need to increase new equipment, on the basis of using original equipment, developed a kind of novel composite preparation process, this novel composite preparation process has been brought into play the advantage of each single technology of preparing, adopting the in-situ authigenic legal system to be equipped with in the process of matrix material owing to rely on design of alloy, by in alloy liquid chemical reaction takes place, generate one or more high rigidity, the pottery of high elastic coefficient or intermetallic compound strengthen body, it is tiny that these strengthen the body particle, be generally nano level, in alloy liquid, be evenly distributed, make new material obtain good intensity, plasticity and dimensional stability; In matrix, increased the bigger SiC reinforce of particle again, improved wear-resisting, the resistance toheat of material greatly by liquid stirring technique.The existing nano level Al of high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials with this method preparation
3Ti and TiB
2Enhanced granule has micron-sized SiC enhanced granule again, and enhanced granule is evenly distributed in matrix, and interface cleanness is stable, and bonding strength is big, owing to SiC particle, Al
3Ti and TiB
2Particulate adds and good combination, makes the remarkable refinement of crystal grain of this material under the prerequisite that intensity increases substantially, unit elongation is constant substantially tensile strength of alloys and yield strength to be improved 100MPa; Simultaneously, about the polishing machine of material doubles.Preparation process technology is simple, good stability, be suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The normally a pair of contradiction of the intensity of material and plasticity, can bias toward intensity for some material, may bias toward plasticity for other materials, the present invention is by the adjustment to reinforce amount and ratio, control optimizing integration of intensity and plasticity, guaranteed that this advanced composite material high-strong toughness and high-temperature behavior lay equal stress on, made it to become and possess high tough, high temperature resistant, wear-resistant, antifatigue, modulus big (good rigidity), good, the lightweight high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials of dimensional stability.The present invention with the preparation method of two kinds of single particle enhanced aluminum-based composite materials in conjunction with utilization, do not need to increase new equipment, on the basis of original equipment, developed a kind of novel composite preparation process, this novel composite preparation process has been brought into play the advantage of single technology of preparing, has remedied shortcoming separately again.The existing nano level Al of high-strength temperature-resistant micro-nano hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material with this composite preparation process preparation
3Ti and TiB
2Enhanced granule has micron-sized SiC enhanced granule again.Make and the remarkable refinement of crystal grain of this material under the prerequisite that intensity increases substantially, unit elongation is constant substantially tensile strength of alloys and yield strength are improved 100MPa; Simultaneously, about the polishing machine of material also doubles.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 organizes photo for the crystalline phase of micro-nano aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the nanometer wild phase Al of matrix material of the present invention
3Ti
pBright field image organize photo;
Fig. 3 is Al under the same ratio
3Ti
pThe diffraction pattern photo;
Fig. 4 is the nanometer wild phase Al of matrix material of the present invention
3Ti
pStyle demarcate photo;
Fig. 5 is the nanometer wild phase TiB of matrix material of the present invention
2The TEM pattern
Fig. 6 is the nanometer wild phase TiB of matrix material of the present invention
2Diffraction pattern
Fig. 7 is the nanometer wild phase TiB of matrix material of the present invention
2Style demarcate;
Fig. 8 load 0.24Mpa, 300 ℃ of condition lower substrate alloys and the contrast of worn composite amount
Fig. 9 is an engine piston photo of using the present invention's preparation.
Embodiment:
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
Embodiment 1
Adopt compound technology of preparing to prepare high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials, be specially SiC
P-Al
3Ti-TiB
2/ ZL109 matrix material.
The first step: selecting ZL109 for use is matrix alloy, adopts the common aluminum alloy smelting process that matrix alloy is melted and joins;
Second step: to the molten matrix alloy refinement and denaturation for preparing;
The 3rd step: cover skim cryolite powder post-heating to 850 ℃ at weld pool surface, add the TiO of preheating
2, Na
3AlF
6, KBF
4Powder and SiC particle, its add-on is by generating reinforce Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent be controlled at 1.6%, the weight percent that adds reinforce SiC is controlled at 8%, mixes enhanced Al
3Ti, TiB
2With the weight ratio of SiC be: 1: 1: 5.Start liquid whipping appts, stirred 30 minutes, treat to be cooled to 760 ℃ after the even particle distribution with 2000 rev/mins speed; TiO
2, Na
3AlF
6, KBF
4Powder and SiC particle are industrial raw material, and chemical materials market is on sale.
The 4th step: degasification once more, refining, skimming;
The 5th step: left standstill the cast part 30 minutes.
Fig. 1 is seen in its weave construction densification of this matrix material of gained, has nanometer wild phase Al
3Ti, referring to Fig. 2, its diffraction pattern is seen Fig. 3, style is demarcated and is seen Fig. 4.Has nanometer wild phase TiB
2Particle is seen Fig. 6 referring to Fig. 5, its diffraction pattern, and style is demarcated and seen Fig. 7.Also have a micron wild phase SiC particle, among Fig. 1 obviously as seen.The room temperature tensile intensity (T6) of this matrix material has improved 38.7% at 340MPa than ZL109 matrix alloy; 350 ℃ of tensile strengths of this matrix material have improved 30% at 118MPa than ZL109 matrix alloy; The hardness ratio matrix alloy of this matrix material improves 70%, and the modular ratio matrix alloy improves 5%, and polishing machine improves 70% than matrix.The specific performance contrast sees Table 1:
Table 1 Al
3Ti-TiB
2-SiC
p/ ZL109 matrix material and matrix alloy material property synopsis
| Material | σ b(MPa) | HB | E(GPa) | Linear expansivity (10 -6/℃) | ||
| SiC P-Al 3Ti- TiB 2/ZL109 | T 6Attitude | Room temperature | 340 | 120 | 80 | (20.8 room temperature ~ 300 ℃) |
| 350℃ | 118 | |||||
| ZL109 | T 6Attitude | Room temperature | 220～260 | 70 | 76 | 21.5 (room temperature ~ 300 ℃ |
| 350℃ | 50～80 |
Embodiment 2
Adopt compound technology of preparing to prepare SiC
P-Al
3Ti-TiB
2/ piston aluminium alloy material is a matrix alloy with the piston aluminium alloy, and reaction in generates nano level Al therein
3Ti, TiB
2Particle stirs the micron-sized SiC particle of adding by liquid state and strengthens Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent is controlled at 1.6%, and the SiC weight percent is controlled at 9%, mixes enhanced Al
3Ti, TiB
2With the weight ratio of SiC be: 1: 1: 5.65.Method is with embodiment 1, the high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials of preparation.
The room temperature tensile intensity of this matrix material is at 365MPa; 350 ℃ of tensile strengths of this matrix material are at 160MPa; Polishing machine improves obviously, and the wear rate contrast sees Table 2, and load is 0.24Mpa, and 300 ℃ of condition lower substrate alloys and worn composite amount are seen Fig. 8.
The wear rate of table 2 material (room temperature)
Wear rate=abrasion loss/(load pressure sliding distance), unit is g/MPam.
Use the engine piston of this material cast and see Fig. 9, every index of testing this material through physics and chemistry all satisfies the power, high pressure charging of high-powered engine, the requirement of high compact, low heat emission, and the piston of preparation is carrying out the test run test.
Embodiment 3
Adopt compound technology of preparing to prepare SiC
P-Al
3Ti-TiB
2/ piston aluminium alloy material is a matrix alloy with the piston aluminium alloy, and reaction in generates nano level Al therein
3Ti, TiB
2Particle stirs the micron-sized SiC particle of adding by liquid state and strengthens Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent is controlled at 1.0%, and the SiC weight percent is controlled at 10%, mixes enhanced Al
3Ti, TiB
2With the weight ratio of SiC be: 1: 1: 10.Method is with embodiment 1, the high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials of preparation.
Embodiment 4
Adopt compound technology of preparing to prepare SiC
P-Al
3Ti-TiB
2/ piston aluminium alloy material is a matrix alloy with the piston aluminium alloy, and reaction in generates nano level Al therein
3Ti, TiB
2Particle stirs the micron-sized SiC particle of adding by liquid state and strengthens Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent is controlled at 3.0%, and the SiC weight percent is controlled at 10%, mixes enhanced Al
3Ti, TiB
2With the weight ratio of SiC be: 1: 1: 3.33.Method is with embodiment 1, the high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials of preparation.
Embodiment 5
The composition of material and preparation method be all with embodiment 2,700 ℃ of the adding temperature of different is step 3 reaction powder, and the reaction stirring velocity stirred 20 minutes for 2500 rev/mins, carried out following step when treating after the even particle distribution temperature to 740 ℃.Finish the preparation high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials.
Embodiment 6
The composition of material and preparation method be all with embodiment 2,1000 ℃ of the adding temperature of different is step 3 reaction powder, and the reaction stirring velocity stirred 50 minutes for 600 rev/mins, carried out following step when treating after the even particle distribution temperature to 800 ℃.Finish the preparation high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid particles reinforced aluminum-base composite materials.
Micro-nano hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material by compound technology of preparing preparation of the present invention has wear-resistant, the modulus big (good rigidity) of micrometer ceramics particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, the characteristic that dimensional stability is good.The good characteristic such as high tough, high temperature resistant, antifatigue that also has the nano particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
Claims (3)
1. high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites, it is characterized in that: be matrix alloy with the aluminium alloy, reaction in generates nano level Al therein
3Ti, TiB
2Particle stirs the micron-sized SiC particle of adding by liquid state and strengthens Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent is controlled at 1.0～3.0%, and the SiC weight percent is controlled at 8～10%.
2. high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1 is characterized in that: mix enhanced Al
3Ti, TiB
2With the weight ratio of SiC be: 1: 1: 3～10.
3. the composite preparation process of a high-strength thermal-insulating hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites, it is characterized in that: concrete preparation process is:
The first step: the aluminium alloy is a matrix alloy, matrix alloy is melted join;
Second step: to the molten matrix alloy refining for preparing;
The 3rd step: as the TiOs of temperature 700～1000 ℃ of adding preheatings
2, Na
3AlF
6, KBF
4Powder and SiC particulate, its add-on is by generating reinforce Al
3Ti, TiB
2Weight percent control and add the weight percent control of reinforce SiC, and stirred 20～50 minutes with 600～2500 rev/mins speed, treat to be cooled to 740～800 ℃ after the even particle distribution;
The 4th step: after the degasification refining after the skimming, refining once more, degasification, rotten;
The 5th step: left standstill the cast part 30 minutes.
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| CN102102158A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-06-22 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Micro-nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN100580148C (en) * | 2006-12-31 | 2010-01-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Process of preparing nano composite sedimentary layer by electroforming |
| CN101338708B (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-06-02 | 重庆大学 | Local granule reinforced piston and its manufacture method |
| CN102102158A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-06-22 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Micro-nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102102158B (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Micro-nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106499756A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2017-03-15 | 房殊 | The disorderly arranged ceramic skeleton of two-dimensional structure strengthens light metal composite brake disk |
| CN106499757A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2017-03-15 | 房殊 | The ceramic skeleton of two-dimensional structure periodic arrangement strengthens light metal composite brake disk |
| CN105463265A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-06 | 周凡 | Preparation method for silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN107737941A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-02-27 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | TiB for increasing material manufacturing2Strengthen the preparation method of Al alloy powder |
| CN111069612A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-04-28 | 湖北友联制动装备有限公司 | Powder metallurgy material for high-speed train brake pad and preparation process of brake pad |
| CN113373367A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-10 | 江西理工大学 | Aluminum intermediate alloy containing multi-scale mixed particles and preparation method thereof |
| CN113373355A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-10 | 江西理工大学 | Multi-scale particle modified 7000 series alloy wire and preparation method thereof |
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