CN101051821A - Voltage follower of small output resistance, large output amplitude - Google Patents

Abstract

Characters of the voltage follower are that a feedback loop is composed of one PMOS input tube M1, first current source I2, two NMOS tubes M2 and M3, a current sink I1, and second current source I3. The feedback loop reduces output resistance, and increases output amplitude of the voltage follower remarkably. At same time, drain electrode of the input tube of the voltage follower becomes a node with low impedance so as to make fluctuation of drain voltage of the input tube become smaller as well as reduce effect of channel modulation of input tube. Advantages are: small output resistance, large output amplitude, high linearity, and suitable to be operated at low voltage.

Description

The voltage follower of a kind of little output resistance, big output amplitude

Technical field

The invention belongs to the VLSI (very large scale integrated circuit) designs in Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics field, relate to a kind of novel voltage follower circuit, can be widely used in the design of source electrode attenuating structure trsanscondutance amplifier and pipe based on the circuit such as trsanscondutance amplifier of linear zone work.

Background technology

Along with the characteristic size of CMOS technology begins to enter nanometer scale, analog circuit need be operated under the more and more lower supply power voltage to adapt to the requirement of technology.But transistorized threshold voltage (V _T) and saturation voltage (V _Dsat) not along with the synchronous linearity of supply power voltage reduces.These factors have seriously limited the voltage amplitude of analog circuit under low suppling voltage.In disclosed document, proposed as the work of pipe linear zone, the pseudo-differential structure, the multiple analog circuits that allow such as substrate driving can be operated under the low-voltage, keep acceptable energy method simultaneously.In order to better meet the requirement of mobile portable equipment to Low-voltage Low-power, Analog Circuit Design engineer's top priority is to design some new element circuits better to satisfy Developing Trend in Technology now.

Voltage follower circuit is one of significant element module of analog circuit, is widely used in the various analog signal processing circuits.Voltage follower is through being often used as voltage buffer.Its feature be requirement its have very big input resistance, very little output resistance also needs to have very big voltage output amplitude in addition.

Therefore design one and can be operated under the low-voltage, the high-performance voltage follower that has very little output resistance and very big voltage amplitude has simultaneously just become present Analog Circuit Design to be badly in need of one of subject matter of solution.

And at present the simplest voltage follower is exactly that traditional source follower structure is shown in Fig. 2 (a).

Though the source class follower is realized simple, exists some problems.At first, because the electric current by input pipe M1 is relevant with the output current size, so the gate source voltage of M1 pipe will can not be a fixing value, and can change along with the variation of signal, and this understands bring distortion to output signal.Secondly, voltage follower need drive very little load in some applications, and this just requires voltage follower need have minimum output resistance to reach unit gain.And its output resistance is 1/g in the source class follower _M1, g wherein _M1Mutual conductance for input pipe M1.Therefore in order to reach little output resistance, need to increase the transconductance value g of input pipe _M1This means needs to use big bias current and large-sized efferent duct, and this will bring the increase on area and the power consumption.

In order to solve these problems of source class follower, the researcher had proposed super source class follower and turnover voltage follower again afterwards, shown in Fig. 2 (b) and 2 (c).

These two kinds are improved structure and make the output resistance of this kind voltage follower be reduced to 1/g by adding a feedback control loop _M2g _M1r _O1, g wherein _M1Be the mutual conductance of M1 pipe, r _O1Be the output resistance of M1 pipe, g _M2Be the mutual conductance of M2 pipe, so this kind structure can the less load of drive ratio.But these two kinds of structures still exist some problems.

Under low-voltage, the output amplitude of circuit has very important significance for various analogue unit circuit tools.But above-mentioned two kinds of circuit still can't fully meet the demands.

The output amplitude of turnover voltage follower is limited in V _GS-2V _Dsat, this has limited the application of this kind follower in high-Q circuit greatly.

The output amplitude of super source class follower is bigger slightly than turnover voltage follower, is V _DD-V _GS-2V _Dsat

In some use as source class decay trsanscondutance amplifier, need voltage follower to have minimum output resistance to reach the good linearity in addition, the output resistance of above-mentioned two kinds of voltage followers can't well satisfy this requirement.Because the drain electrode of above-mentioned voltage follower is a high impedance, therefore can bring very big voltage fluctuation in addition, so the raceway groove mudulation effect of efferent duct can be apparent in view at this point.

At this situation, the invention provides a kind of littler output resistance that has, bigger output amplitude, the while can reduce the novel voltage follower of input pipe sub-channel mudulation effect.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide when can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming to have littler output resistance and bigger output amplitude, but the voltage follower circuit of low voltage operating.

The invention is characterized in and contain:

1 P type metal-oxide-semiconductor M1 makes input pipe usefulness, and grid connects input voltage vin, and source class connects node 1, draws output voltage V out from described 1 node, and drain electrode connects node 3;

The first current source I2, a termination power voltage V _DD, the described node 1 of another termination;

Feedback control loop, by 2 NMOS pipe M2 and M3, electric current sink I1, and the second current source I3 constitutes, and wherein, the source class of NMOS pipe M2 links to each other with ground, drains and connects described node 1, and grid connects node 2; The source class of NMOS pipe M3 connects described node 3, and drain electrode connects described node 2, and grid meets bias voltage Vb; Circuit sinks I1, an end ground connection, and another terminated nodes 3; The described supply voltage V of the termination of the second current source I3 _DD, and another terminated nodes 2;

The output resistance r of described voltage follower _LFor:

$r_L\≈\frac{1}{g_{m2}{g}_{m1}{r}_{o1}{g}_{m3}{r}_{o3}},$

G wherein _MiAnd r _OiBe respectively the mutual conductance and the output resistance of described Mi pipe, i=1,2,3;

Described voltage follower is V in the output voltage head room of described node 1 _DD-3V _Dsat, V wherein _DsatIt is transistorized saturation voltage.

The voltage follower of invention is by adding a novel feedback control loop, and it is excessive to have overcome the voltage follower output resistance, and output amplitude is too small, is not suitable for shortcomings such as low voltage operating.This circuit is through emulation testing, under 0.18 micrometre CMOS process, under the 1.5V supply power voltage.Import O.8V peak to peak amplitude and 1MHz frequency signal, about O.1% its total harmonic distortion THD is about.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1. voltage follower circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2. (a) traditional source class follower circuit schematic diagram, (b) turnover voltage follower circuit schematic diagram, (c) super source class follower circuit schematic diagram.

The present invention has used a novel feedback control loop, thereby so that output resistance be further reduced to

$r_L\≈\frac{1}{g_{m2}{g}_{m1}{r}_{o1}{g}_{m3}{r}_{o3}}$

G wherein_miAnd r_oiRepresent respectively mutual conductance and the output resistance of Mi pipe. Other this novel voltage follower band Another advantage of coming is so that the voltage headroom height of output node is increased to V_DD-3V _Dsat, this and upset electricity Press follower, super source class follower to compare to want big many. Therefore this kind structure has bigger output amplitude. The drain electrode of output pipe is a low-impedance node in this structure in addition, so the voltage pulsation on this node very Little, this has significantly alleviated the impact of channel modulation effect to input pipe M1 pipe.

By introducing feedback control loop the output node resistance of voltage follower is significantly diminished, output amplitude is remarkable Become big. Making simultaneously the drain electrode of input pipe is low-impedance node, thereby voltage pulsation is littler, reduces raceway groove and transfers Effect processed is to the impact of input pipe, and the maximum pressure drop on critical path is less than the traditional structure circuit in addition, from And demonstrate the potentiality of under low-voltage more, working.

Embodiment

Technical solution of the present invention is consulted Fig. 1.Fig. 1 is the voltage follower circuit structure chart of the big output amplitude of little output resistance.

The voltage follow implement body annexation of the big output amplitude of whole little output resistance is: M1 manages its source class and links to each other with node 1, and drain electrode links to each other with node 3, and grid meets input signal Vin.The M2 pipe, the M3 pipe, heavy I1 of electric current and current source I3 have constituted a feedback control loop.Node 1 external delivery point mouth Vout.The M2 tube source grade links to each other with ground, and drain electrode links to each other with node 1.Grid connected node 2.The source class of M3 pipe links to each other with node 3, and drain electrode links to each other with node 2, and grid meets bias voltage Vb, and Vb voltage is provided by biasing circuit.Electric current sinks I1 one end ground connection, another terminated nodes 3.Current source I2 one termination V _DD, another terminated nodes 1.Current source I3 one termination V _DD, another terminated nodes 2.

Described voltage follower adopts standard CMOS process to realize.

The maximum pressure drop of this circuit on critical path only is V in addition _GS+ 2V _DsatThereby, demonstrate the potentiality of under low-voltage more, working.After tested, this circuit can well be worked under 0.18 micrometre CMOS process 1.5V supply power voltage.And the supply power voltage of this circuit also has the space that further reduces.

Claims (1)

1. the voltage follower of a little output resistance, big output amplitude is characterized in that, contains:

1 P type metal-oxide-semiconductor (M1) is made input pipe usefulness, and grid connects input voltage (Vin), and source class connects node (1), draws output voltage (Vout) from described (1) node, and drain electrode connects node (3);

First current source (I2), a termination power voltage (V _DD), the described node of another termination (1);

Feedback control loop, by 2 NMOS pipes (M2) and (M3), electric current sink (I1), and second current source (I3) constitutes, and wherein, the source class that NMOS manages (M2) links to each other with ground, drains and connects described node (1), and grid connects node (2); The source class of NMOS pipe (M3) connects described node (3), and drain electrode connects described node (2), and grid connects bias voltage (Vb); Circuit sinks (I1), an end ground connection, and another terminated nodes (3); Described supply voltage (the V of one termination of second current source (I3) _DD), and another terminated nodes (2);

The output resistance r of described voltage follower _LFor:

$r_L\≈\frac{1}{g_{m2}{g}_{m1}{r}_{o1}{g}_{m3}{r}_{o3}},$

G wherein _MiAnd r _OiBe respectively the mutual conductance and the output resistance of described Mi pipe, i=1,2,3;

Described voltage follower is V in the output voltage head room of described node (1) _DD-3V _Dsat, V wherein _DsatIt is transistorized saturation voltage.

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