CN101045011A - 脊椎或损伤手术的锁定组件、带有它的骨锚固装置及其工具 - Google Patents

脊椎或损伤手术的锁定组件、带有它的骨锚固装置及其工具 Download PDF

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CN101045011A
CN101045011A CNA2007100918920A CN200710091892A CN101045011A CN 101045011 A CN101045011 A CN 101045011A CN A2007100918920 A CNA2007100918920 A CN A2007100918920A CN 200710091892 A CN200710091892 A CN 200710091892A CN 101045011 A CN101045011 A CN 101045011A
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locking member
locked component
recess
receiving unit
anchoring device
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CN101045011B (zh
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卢茨·比德尔曼
威尔弗里德·马蒂斯
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Biedermann Technologies GmbH and Co KG
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7091—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for applying, tightening or removing longitudinal element-to-bone anchor locking elements, e.g. caps, set screws, nuts or wedges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/82—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin for bone cerclage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
    • F16B23/0007—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool characterised by the shape of the recess or the protrusion engaging the tool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
    • F16B23/0007—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool characterised by the shape of the recess or the protrusion engaging the tool
    • F16B23/0038—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool characterised by the shape of the recess or the protrusion engaging the tool substantially prismatic with up to six edges, e.g. triangular, square, pentagonal, Allen-type cross-sections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
    • F16B23/0069—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool with holes to be engaged with corresponding pins on the tool or protruding pins to be engaged with corresponding holes on the tool

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Abstract

提供了一种锁定组件(30)，其用于将杆(20)固定在用于脊椎或损伤手术中的骨锚固设备(1)的接收部分(5)中，所述锁定组件包括：第一锁定元件(31)，其具有第一端、第二端、纵向旋转轴线和设有外螺纹(35)的基本为圆柱形的外表面，一共轴孔(36)完全穿过所述第一锁定元件，并在所述孔处设置内螺纹；第二锁定元件(32)，其具有纵向旋转轴线和基本为圆柱形的外表面，所述外表面带有与所述第一锁定元件的内螺纹配合的外螺纹，其特征在于，所述第一锁定元件(31)具有从第一端沿第二端的方向延伸的凹口(37)，所述凹口限定圆周闭合的壁部分，其中所述壁部分的内部具有用于与工具接合的纵向延伸结构(38)。此外，提供了一种工具(50)，其具有可以分别独立地接合第一和第二锁定元件的部分(54，56)。

Description

脊椎或损伤手术的锁定组件、带有它的骨锚固装置及其工具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将杆元件固定在连接到轴杆的接收部分中以用于脊椎或损伤手术的锁定组件。本发明进一步涉及一种使用这种锁定组件的骨锚固装置和与这种锁定组件配合的工具。
背景技术
US6,224,598B1公开了一种适用于将杆元件固定到骨螺钉植入物的螺纹插塞闭合件，所述闭合件包括具有螺纹圆柱形外表面的插塞，在使用时所述插塞被接收在医疗植入物的一对臂之间，一中心同轴孔完全穿过所述插塞，所述中心孔具有成形为接收定位螺钉的内螺纹表面。插塞闭合件和定位螺钉可以独立地安装，并且定位螺钉被紧固以配合地提供杆的捕获和锁定，以便防止杆相对于骨螺钉的平移和旋转运动。
US2003/0100896A1公开了一种骨锚固装置，该骨锚固装置带有轴杆和与之连接以用于连接到杆的接收部分。接收部分具有带U形横截面的凹口以用于接收杆，所述杆带有两个张开的腿和在张开的腿上的内螺纹。提供了一种锁定组件，其包括螺母元件和定位螺钉，所述螺母元件带有与腿的内螺纹配合的外螺纹。螺母元件在一个端部上具有用于与螺钉工具接合的狭缝。轴杆具有枢转地保持在接收部分中的球形头部并且设置一压力元件，当螺母元件被紧固时所述压力元件在头部上施加压力。通过紧固定位螺钉，杆被固定在接收部分中。因而，杆和头部可以彼此独立地被锁定。内螺纹和螺母元件的配合外螺纹被设计成平螺纹。植入物具有紧凑设计，因为不需要防止腿张开的外部环或螺母。
锁定组件的外径在各个方面由所需的紧固转矩和螺纹形状确定。接着，骨锚固装置的上部的总尺寸由锁定组件的尺寸确定。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种锁定组件和带有锁定组件的骨锚固装置，所述骨锚固装置具有与已知装置相同的可靠性但是具有明显更小的上部尺寸。此外，本发明的目的是提供一种用于这种锁定组件的工具。
根据本发明的锁定组件具有的优点在于与已知的锁定组件相比它可以被设计成带有更小的外径。所以，骨锚固装置的尺寸可以被减小。带有这样的减小尺寸的骨锚固装置特别适合应用于颈椎或有限的可用空间需要紧凑植物物的其他区域。
附图说明
通过参考结合附图的实施方式的以下具体描述将显而易见和将最佳地理解本发明的进一步特征和优点。
更进一步地，锁定组件被构造成使得允许两个或多个锁定元件的嵌套。
使用根据本发明的工具，同时但独立地固定锁定组件的锁定元件是可能的。
图1示出带有锁定组件的骨锚固装置的一个实施方式的横截面图。
图2示出图1的骨锚固装置的透视正视图。
图3示出从锁定组件的顶部看到的透视图。
图4示出图3的锁定组件的横截面图。
图5示出图3的锁定组件的侧视图。
图6示出工具的透视图。
图7示出与锁定组件配合的工具的下部的横截面图。
图8示出锁定组件和工具的下部的透视图。
图9示出带有在横截面中示出的工具的配合部分的锁定组件的透视图，其中工具的其他部分被省略。
图10示出锁定组件的第一锁定元件的改进型式的透视图。
图11示出锁定组件的第一锁定元件的进一步改进型式的透视图。
图12在顶视图中示出锁定组件的第二实施方式。
图13在透视图中示出锁定组件的进一步实施方式。
图14在顶视图中示出图13的锁定组件。
图15在沿着图14的线A-A的截面中示出图13的锁定组件。
图16在截面图中示出与图13的锁定组件配合的工具。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出用在多轴骨锚固装置1中的锁定组件。骨锚固装置包括骨螺钉2，所述骨螺钉具有带骨螺纹的轴杆3和球形头部4。骨螺钉2被接收在接收部分5中，所述接收部分具有第一端6和第二端7并且为基本为圆柱形的构造。所述两个端部垂直于纵向轴线L。与纵向轴线L共轴设置孔8，该孔从第一端6延伸到距离第二端7的一个预定距离处。在第二端7设置开口9，所述开口的直径小于孔8的直径。共轴孔8朝着开口9渐缩。在所示的实施方式中它以球形截面10的形式渐缩。然而，截面10可以具有任何其他形状，例如圆锥形。
进一步地，接收部分5具有U形凹口11，该凹口在第一端6开始并且沿第二端7的方向延伸到距离所述第二端的一个预定距离处。借助于U形凹口形成朝着第一端6终止的两个自由腿12、13。邻近第一端6，接收部分5包括在腿12、13的内表面的内螺纹14。在所示的实施方式中，内螺纹14是具有水平上螺纹面和下螺纹面的平螺纹。
更进一步地，设置具有基本为圆柱形构造的压力元件15，所述压力元件的外径尺寸被制成为使得允许压力元件15被引入到接收部分的孔8中和沿轴向方向移动。压力元件15在其面向第二端7的下侧包括与头部4的球形截面配合的球形凹口16。压力元件15在其相对侧具有横向延伸到纵向轴线L的U形凹口17，借助于所述U形凹口17形成两个自由腿18、19。该U形凹口的侧向直径选择成使得将被接收在接收部分5中的杆20可以插入到凹口17中并且被侧向引导到其中。该U形凹口17的深度大于杆20的直径，使得当杆20插入时腿18、19延伸到杆20的表面之上。
骨锚固装置包括锁定组件30。特别如图2-5中所示，锁定组件30包括第一锁定元件31和第二锁定元件32。第一锁定元件具有第一端33和第二端34以及在第一和第二端之间并且基本为圆柱形状，所述第一锁定元件的外表面具有外螺纹35，所述外螺纹在所示的实施方式中是与接收部分5的内螺纹14匹配的平螺纹。进一步地，第一锁定元件包括从第二端34沿第一端33的方向延伸的共轴孔36。共轴孔36包括内螺纹，在所示的实施方式中所述内螺纹是公制螺纹。第一锁定元件31进一步包括共轴凹口37，所述共轴凹口从第一端33开始并且延伸到距离第二端34的一个预定距离处。凹口37的平均直径大于共轴孔36的直径。特别在图3中可以看到，借助于凹口37形成基本为环形的壁。形成从第一端33沿着壁延伸到凹口37的底部39的多个纵向凹槽38。在该实施方式中所示的凹槽38具有近似半圆形的横截面。它们沿凹口37的圆周方向等距离地分布。优选地，形成至少两个凹槽。凹口37的壁可以具有邻近第一端33的倾斜表面40，以便于引入工具。凹口37的深度选择成使得孔36的长度仍足够与第二锁定元件32配合，以用于良好固定。在另一方面，凹口37的深度使得提供足够与工具接合的区域。
第二锁定元件32成形为定位螺钉，该定位螺钉带有与共轴孔36的内螺纹配合的外螺纹42。第二锁定元件32的轴向长度使得当第二锁定元件32完全拧入到第一锁定元件31中时它稍稍从第一锁定元件的第二端34突出。特别在图4中可以看出，第二锁定元件32包括与第一锁定元件的凹口37和凹槽38类似的共轴凹口43，所述共轴凹口带有沿纵向方向延伸的凹槽44。凹口43和凹槽44用于与下文将要描述的工具适形(form-fit)配合。
在图6-9中示出与锁定组件配合的工具。工具50包括管51和可在管51中滑动的棒52。管51具有与锁定组件配合的端部53和带有抓握部分58的第二端，所述抓握部分例如具有六边形的外部形状。特别在图7-9中可以看出，端部53具有减小的外径，该外径对应于第一锁定元件的凹口37的内径。端部53包括多个突起54，所述突起的数量小于或等于第一锁定元件的凹槽38的数量。突起54被构造和设计成接合第一锁定元件的凹槽38，以在工具的端部53和第一锁定元件的凹口37之间提供适形连接。端部53的轴向长度优选地等于或大于凹口37的深度。
棒52包括端部55，所述端部55被构造和设计成与第二锁定元件32的凹口43配合。为此，端部55具有多个突起56，所述突起的数量等于或小于第二锁定元件的凹口44的数量，并且所述突起被构造和设计成与凹槽44接合。棒52在其相对端上具有抓握部分57，所述抓握部分允许抓握棒52和独立于管51旋转它。棒52的长度选择成使得当管的端部53接合第一锁定元件时，第二锁定元件32可以由棒的端部55独立地接合并且被拧入到第一锁定元件中。
在操作中，首先，包括骨螺钉2、接收部分5和压力元件15的至少两个通常预组装的骨锚固装置被拧入到骨中。之后，杆20插入到接收部分5的U形凹口11中。然后，包括优选被预组装的第一锁定元件31和第二锁定元件32的锁定组件30被拧入到接收部分5的腿12、13之间。通过应用工具50使得管的端部53接合第一锁定元件的凹口37和凹槽38以形成适形连接而紧固第一锁定元件。这样，压力由第一锁定元件的下侧施加到压力元件的自由腿18、19上，所述压力元件压在骨螺钉2的头部4上，以将头部锁定在其相对于接收部分5的旋转位置。
然后，第二锁定元件32通过工具的应用被紧固，原因在于棒的端部56接合第二锁定元件的凹口43并且施加转矩。这样，杆20相对于接收部分的位置被固定
接收部分5相对于骨螺钉2的位置和杆20相对于接收部分的位置的微调可以通过松开第一锁定元件31或第二锁定元件32被执行。
图9在截面中示出锁定组件30的透视图，其中工具的端部53和56使锁定元件接合工具。仅仅为了图解，未示出工具的剩余部分。在图9中可以看出，工具的端部以及第一和第二锁定元件的凹口形成适形连接，以用于施加转矩以拧入锁定元件。第一锁定元件的外螺纹35是不带有凹口或中断的连续形状。所以，该锁定元件的尺寸可以被减小。这保证了第一锁定元件的安全锁定。工具与第一锁定元件接合所需的区域位于凹口37内。这允许将第一锁定元件31设计成带有减小直径。如果凹槽38的数量增加，凹槽的深度则可以被减小。因而，第一锁定元件的尺寸可以对应于凹槽数量的增加而被减小。
第一锁定元件31的外部尺寸的大小决定骨锚固装置的接收部分和其他元件的大小。进一步地，由于第一锁定元件的外螺纹在其整个长度上保持完整，因此锁定元件的高度可以被减小。
图10示出带有改进形状的凹槽的第一锁定元件31。凹槽38′具有三角形横截面。图11示出带有另一改进形状的凹槽的第一锁定元件31。凹槽38″具有方形横截面。然而，本发明并不限于这些改进型式，凹槽的横截面同样可以具有另一形状。
图12示出锁定组件的第二实施方式。锁定组件300包括三个锁定元件。第一锁定元件301成形为类似于第一实施方式的锁定元件31。第二锁定元件302与第一实施方式的第二锁定元件30的不同之处在于，它具有类似于第一锁定元件的共轴螺纹孔，以接收第三锁定元件303。也可以设计带有三个以上嵌套锁定元件的锁定组件，使得每个锁定元件具有螺纹共轴孔以接收另一锁定元件。以该方式，对于某些应用，例如如果用于复杂的微创手术过程中，可以实现改善的固定。
根据进一步实施方式的锁定组件由单一锁定元件400组成，所述锁定元件400具有外螺纹401和从第一端403到第二端404延伸穿过整个锁定元件的共轴孔402。共轴环形凹口405从第一端403沿第二端的方向延伸。该凹口的壁包括用于接合工具的多个纵向凹槽406。借助于凹口405和共轴孔402，共轴中空圆柱部分407形成于锁定元件中。
用于接合锁定元件的工具可适于接合环形凹口405。图16示出与锁定元件400配合的示例性工具500。端部501包括适于以适形方式接合凹口405的环形突起502。端部501也包括带有止动弹簧504的中心突起503，所述中心突起接合共轴孔402以便于锁定元件的对准和操作。
锁定元件可以用于这样的应用中，在所述应用中必须通过孔402引入器械和线，例如在微创手术的情况下。
进一步的改进型式是可以的。外螺纹和内螺纹可以具有任何螺纹形状，例如诸如公制螺纹。然而，使用平螺纹、锯齿螺纹或负角螺纹用于第一锁定元件的外螺纹和接收部分的配合内螺纹具有的优点在于，它防止接收部分的腿张开。所以，不需要防止张开的外部环或螺母。通过与作为外螺纹的平螺纹一起使用本发明的锁定组件，植入物可以进一步被小型化。
凹槽的数量和凹槽的形状可以变化。
可以想象将第一锁定元件设计成带有凹口，所述凹口具有带或不带凹槽的四边形或六边形或其他多边形的横截面。在该情况下，工具的端部具有匹配形状。这还提供了工具和第一锁定元件之间的适形连接，并且第一锁定元件的外螺纹保持完整。
第二锁定元件32或在第二实施方式的锁定组件300的情况下的第三锁定元件303，或者通常在具有多个锁定元件的锁定组件的情况下的最内部锁定元件不需要具有如实施方式中所示的带凹槽的凹口。最内部锁定元件具有用于接合拧入工具的凹口(例如六边形凹口)就足够了。工具的相应端部于是适合该形状。
本发明并不限于如第一实施方式中所示的多轴骨锚固装置。它可以用在单轴骨锚固装置的情况中，其中接收部分同样固定连接到骨螺钉的轴杆。此外，多轴骨锚固装置可以具有不同构造。它可以具有一种设计的接收部分，所述设计允许螺钉从接收部分的底部而不是从顶部插入。
锁定组件也可以用于这种类型的骨锚固装置中，其中接收部分被设计和构造成使得杆与骨螺钉的中心轴线侧向隔开地被固定。

Claims (19)

1.一种锁定组件，其用于将杆固定在用于脊椎或损伤手术中的骨锚固装置(1)的接收部分中，所述锁定组件(30；300)包括：
第一锁定元件(31；301)，其具有第一端(33)、第二端(34)、纵向旋转轴线和设有外螺纹(35)的基本为圆柱形的外表面，一共轴孔(36)完全穿过所述第一锁定元件(31)，并在所述孔处设置内螺纹，
第二锁定元件(33)，其具有纵向旋转轴线和基本为圆柱形的外表面，所述外表面带有与所述第一锁定元件的内螺纹(35)配合的外螺纹，
其特征在于，所述第一锁定元件(31)具有从第一端(33)沿第二端(34)的方向延伸的凹口(37)，所述凹口限定圆周闭合的壁部分，其中所述壁部分的内部具有用于与工具接合的纵向延伸结构(38)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，所述结构包括设在壁部分中的多个纵向延伸凹口。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，所述结构包括设在壁部分中的多个纵向延伸凹槽(38)。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，第一锁定元件的外螺纹(35)在其整个轴向长度上是完整的。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，第一锁定元件的外螺纹(35)被设计成平螺纹。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，所述第二锁定元件(32；302)被设计成定位螺钉。
7.根据权利要求1-6之一所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，所述第一锁定元件被成形以完全接收在骨锚固装置的接收部分中。
8.根据权利要求1-7之一所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，所述第二锁定元件包括设有内螺纹的共轴孔，以接收第三锁定元件(303)，所述第三锁定元件带有与所述内螺纹配合的外螺纹。
9.根据权利要求1-8之一所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，所述第二锁定元件(32；302)具有第一端和第二端以及从第一端沿第二端的方向延伸的凹口(43)，所述凹口具有内壁部分，所述内壁部分带有多个纵向延伸的突起(44)。
10.一种骨锚固装置，其带有待锚固在骨中的轴杆和接收杆的接收部分，
接收部分(5)包括具有基本为U形横截面的凹口(11)以用于接收杆(20)，所述杆在一端上带有两个张开的腿(12，13)和在张开的腿上的内螺纹(14)，
并带有根据权利要求1-9之一所述的锁定组件(30；300)，
其中第一锁定元件的外螺纹(35)与设在所述腿上的内螺纹(14)配合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的骨锚固装置，其特征在于，所述轴杆(3)可枢转地或可旋转地连接到所述接收部分(5)，并且其中所述第一锁定元件(31；301)直接或间接作用在所述轴杆(3)上，以锁定所述轴杆相对于所述接收部分的位置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的骨锚固装置，其特征在于，所述轴杆(3)包括球形端部(4)，并且其中第一锁定元件(31；301)通过压力元件(15)作用在所述端部(4)上。
13.根据权利要求10-11之一所述的骨锚固装置，其特征在于，所述第二锁定元件(32；302)作用在所述杆(20)上，以固定所述杆相对于接收部分的位置。
14.一种与权利要求1-9之一所述的锁定组件配合的工具，所述工具包括：
第一工具部分(53)，其带有纵向旋转轴线并带有用于与第一锁定元件(31；301)的凹口的纵向结构(38)接合的结构(54)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的工具，进一步包括用于接合第二锁定元件(32；302)的第二工具部分(55)，所述第一和第二工具部分可彼此独立地旋转。
16.根据权利要求15所述的工具，其特征在于，第一工具部分(53)是管(51)的端部，并且第二工具部分(55)是可在管中滑动的棒(52)的端部。
17.一种锁定组件，其用于将杆固定在用于脊椎或损伤手术中的骨锚固装置(1)的接收部分中，所述锁定组件包括：
锁定元件(400)，其具有第一端(403)、第二端(404)、纵向旋转轴线和设有外螺纹(401)的基本为圆柱形的外表面，一共轴孔(402)完全穿过所述第一锁定元件，
其特征在于，所述锁定元件(400)具有从第一端(403)延伸到距离第二端(404)的一段距离处的凹口(405)，所述凹口限定圆周闭合的壁部分，其中所述壁部分的内部包括用于与工具接合的纵向延伸凹槽(406)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的锁定组件，其特征在于，凹口(405)是环形的。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的锁定元件，其特征在于，共轴孔(402)是不带螺纹的。
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US7972364B2 (en) 2011-07-05
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US20090012567A1 (en) 2009-01-08
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