CN101043199A - Voltage controlled oscillator with automatic amplitude control - Google Patents
Voltage controlled oscillator with automatic amplitude control Download PDFInfo
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- CN101043199A CN101043199A CN 200610058415 CN200610058415A CN101043199A CN 101043199 A CN101043199 A CN 101043199A CN 200610058415 CN200610058415 CN 200610058415 CN 200610058415 A CN200610058415 A CN 200610058415A CN 101043199 A CN101043199 A CN 101043199A
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Abstract
The invention relates to technology field of voltage-controlled oscillator specially a type of voltage-controlled oscillator with automatic range control. It includes: negative resistance type difference structure voltage-controlled oscillator, oscillating range distinguishing circuit, range-controlled feedback diffluence circuit, voltage-controlled oscillator offset circuit and filter circuit, norm current generating circuit and oscillating output buffer circuit, it characterized in that: the oscillating range distinguishing circuit and range-controlled feedback diffluence circuit generate the feedback control signal to adjust the current output by offset circuit to the voltage-controlled oscillator according to the output amplitude of voltage-controlled oscillator, so the output amplitude can be stabled automatically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technology field of voltage-controlled oscillator, particularly a kind of voltage controlled oscillator with automatic amplitude control.
Background technology
Voltage controlled oscillator has a wide range of applications in modern digital circuits (particularly high speed circuit) and analog circuit (particularly radio-frequency receiving-transmitting machine circuit), in digital system, be mainly used in the signal source of clock of low jitter, main local oscillation signal source in analogue system as low phase noise.In the application scenario of high speed and radio frequency, stable oscillation amplitude, frequency and low noise signal output performance of time is the very crucial index that clock and local oscillator are used.In addition, also require the oscillation source output signal must have environmental stability and technology stability.Environmental stability is meant that the temperature when oscillator work circuit element or chip substrate during a period of time raises, perhaps because the change that the temperature of environment takes place, the amplitude of the output signal of oscillator, frequency particularly phase noise performance must be stabilized in the scope of a permission; Technology stability is meant then that when fluctuation takes place the process conditions of batch change of circuit element or chip manufacturing the amplitude output signal of oscillator, frequency particularly phase noise can only skews to some extent in a tolerance scope.Therefore realize that the technology of oscillator output signal time, environment, process stabilizing receives very high concern always.
According to the design theory of oscillator as can be known, make the noiseproof feature of oscillator output signal reach stable, most importantly make its oscillation amplitude will be stabilized in the scope of certain permission.Stable the stable of output signal frequency that also help of oscillation amplitude.Therefore the amplitude stabilization technology often all is the technology that the high-performance oscillator need adopt.At present both at home and abroad existing relevant technology are used to realize that oscillation amplitude controls automatically.The general method that is adopted all is that the output amplitude information with oscillator changes into and the proportional controlled quentity controlled variable of oscillation amplitude, regulates the oscillator operating current by feedback, thus the stabilized oscillator output amplitude.But implementation method in the past is to surpass the point of certain value and be converted into corresponding control signal by the amount that processing of circuit such as operational amplifier will surpass by comparator discriminating oscillation amplitude to adjust oscillation amplitude; Perhaps adopt digital to analog converter (ADC) and analog to digital converter (DAC) to follow the tracks of oscillation output signal amplitude size and generate the bias current of corresponding analog quantity control generator and regulate output amplitude.Though these technology are effective, all have complex structure, introduce shortcomings such as additional noise is many.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, by the automatic output amplitude control of simple, the effective and easy technology realization voltage controlled oscillator of going of less elements and employing.
A kind of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with automatic amplitude control (AAC), comprise: the negative resistance type difference structure voltage controlled oscillator, the oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit, amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit, voltage controlled oscillator biasing circuit and filter circuit thereof, reference current generating circuit and vibration output buffer.It is characterized in that: thus the electric current automatic stabilisation output amplitude that biasing circuit is exported to voltage controlled oscillator adjusted by oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit and amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit according to the output amplitude size generation feedback control signal of voltage controlled oscillator.
This automatic amplitude control method adopts the simple topology circuit structure to realize the discriminating of oscillator output amplitude, and the adjusting of FEEDBACK CONTROL and vibration bias current need not complicated circuits such as amplifier, ADC, DAC, and additional noise is little, carries out circuit adjustment and debugging easily.Regulating action by feedback control loop can make the circuit phase noise reduce, and output signal realizes time, environment and process stabilizing, has the characteristics that make things convenient for the circuit design debugging simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit block diagram of band automatic amplitude control circuit.
Fig. 2 is voltage-controlled oscillator circuit figure.
Fig. 3 is an oscillator amplitude discriminator circuit topological diagram.
Fig. 4 is an amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit topological diagram.
Fig. 5 is voltage controlled oscillator biasing circuit and bias current filter circuit figure.
Fig. 6 is reference current generating circuit figure.
Fig. 7 is the oscillator output buffer figure of differential-input differential output.
Embodiment
The schematic block circuit diagram of the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of the band that the present invention relates to as shown in Figure 1, its concrete realization comprises the design and the realization of low phase noise voltage controlled oscillator, the design of oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit and realization, the design and the realization of amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit, parts such as the design of biasing and filter circuit thereof and realization.Design procedure is as described below: referring to Fig. 2.
One, design low phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator circuit.Adopt negative resistance type LC oscillator structure to realize difference output, adopt the PMOS pipe to obtain the low phase noise performance as active negative resistance device.
With the voltage controlled oscillator of automatic amplitude control, the PMOS transistor is as the cross coupling structure negative resistance type differential voltage controlled oscillator of active device, comprised the antiresonant circuit of the two groups of variable capacitance diodes and the inductance of difference.Its function is: realize the resonance oscillations of negative resistance type, frequency of oscillation changes with the bias voltage that is applied on the variodenser, output certain amplitude, low phase noise, the waveform of difference form.
With the voltage controlled oscillator of automatic amplitude control, the negative resistance type voltage-controlled oscillator circuit links to each other with an oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit, and the discriminating output signal is the pulse current with oscillator oscillation amplitude proportion relation.Its function is to surpass certain value when the oscillation amplitude of voltage controlled oscillator, and discriminator circuit begins output and the proportional a series of pulses of oscillation amplitude, and oscillation amplitude is big more, and the duty ratio of output pulse circuit is big more.This pulsed current signal is sent to amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit.
Amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit links to each other with the oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit, and the output pulse current of discriminator circuit is sent into and become the shunting signal that voltage signal stably converts FEEDBACK CONTROL again to behind the amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit earlier.Its function is: the output pulse current of amplitude discrimination circuit is fed circuit and becomes and feed back direct current stably.The feedback current that this is stable and the output amplitude of oscillator are proportional.
At first to choose the parameter of suitable inductance and variable capacitance diode, make its formation have the parallel oscillatory circuit of high as far as possible quality factor (Q) value.The electric capacity of a resonant circuit fixed capacity in parallel is used for determining the scope of resonance frequency.It is higher that should make the resonance frequency ratio design desired operating frequency this moment.The PMOS of coupled structure pipe constitutes the energy loss that negative resistance circuit compensates resonant circuit mutually.
After having determined the characteristic of oscillating circuit,, can determine the required bias current size of oscillating circuit according to desired vibration output amplitude.When bias current hour, oscillator works in the electric current restricted area, oscillation amplitude is determined that by bias current oscillation amplitude young pathbreaker makes the oscillator phase degradation; When bias current was big, oscillator worked in the voltage limit district, and oscillation amplitude can not be increased by the triode region source-drain voltage restriction of PMOS pipe again, makes the PMOS pipe work in degree of depth triode region and can make its noiseproof feature variation, waveform distortion.Generally to make bias current just make it work in the voltage limit area edge.But adopt automatic amplitude control technology here, can be arranged on the normal bias electric current makes oscillation amplitude surpass the voltage limit district, by the control action of amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit, it is operated near the voltage limit district, reach best phase noise performance.
The size of PMOS pipe will be determined according to the bias current and the required mutual conductance size of realization stable oscillation stationary vibration of vibration.The size of certain bias current requirement PMOS pipe must be greater than certain value.Pipe sizing too young pathbreaker increases the pipe power consumed, and noise increases.In addition, the mutual conductance owing to the PMOS pipe is determined by following formula
In the formula, W and L are respectively the channel width and the length of PMOS pipe.As can be known, PMOS pipe size could guarantee greatly that enough the negative conductance that forms is enough big so that the reliable starting of oscillation of oscillator.Will make its mutual conductance in general is more than the twice led of the pure electricity of resonant circuit equivalence.Simultaneously big PMOS pipe size can make the 1/f noise that comes from the PMOS oscillating tube reduce, but also can make the resonance frequency step-down because of gate capacitance simultaneously.
Variable capacitance diode parameter size determines that according to the voltage adjusting range of voltage controlled oscillator design big variable capacitance diode size increases the frequency of oscillation excursion, but noise also increases simultaneously.More than the value of each element can be by analog simulation method through adjusting and relatively come to determine the value of an optimum.
Two, design oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit.The negative resistance type voltage-controlled oscillator circuit links to each other with an oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit, differentiates that output signal is the pulse current with oscillator oscillation amplitude proportion relation.Its function is to surpass certain value when the oscillation amplitude of voltage controlled oscillator, and discriminator circuit begins output and the proportional a series of pulses of oscillation amplitude, and oscillation amplitude is big more, and the duty ratio of output pulse circuit is big more, and the discriminator circuit output signal is also just big more.This pulsed current signal is sent to amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit.As shown in Figure 3, the emitter of two NPN triodes is connected to the difference output two ends of oscillator respectively, and base stage is ground connection all.When certain output of oscillator is negative level (being in the vibration negative half period), if its oscillation amplitude surpasses triode emitter junction voltage VBE, corresponding triode is with conducting, because the on state characteristic of triode, the part that oscillator output surpasses VBE will produce a pulse current at collector electrode.Because of the difference output of oscillator, differentiate pipe conducting in turn for two, so the output of discriminator circuit is that frequency is the pulsed current signal of oscillator frequency of oscillation twice.Two sizes of differentiating pipe are smaller, but must guarantee enough discriminating conversion gains.Though the additional noise ratio of big pipe is less, be a heavy load to oscillator during its conducting, thereby the Q value that can reduce oscillating circuit reduce oscillation amplitude and make the noiseproof feature variation.Forward and the Schottky pipe that oppositely is connected on base stage and inter-collector are used for the voltage of restriction set electrode, and the protection triode makes it be no more than the maximum collector emitter voltage that allows, and also can not enter excessive saturation condition.
Three, design amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit.The pulsed current signal of oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit output is added to amplitude control circuit, as Fig. 4.Discriminator circuit essence is by resistance R 1, R2 and Schottky diode D1, and D2 constitutes, and pulse current is transformed to corresponding level output, and this level becomes stable control level after capacitor C 1 filtering, be used to control the PMOS pipe and produce corresponding shunt current output.The value of getting R1 and R2 during design equates that the value of D1 and D2 is equal, and when exciting current one timing, because circuit element is symmetrical up and down, the change of temperature or the variation of technological parameter can not make control level depart from like this.Simultaneously, by reasonable value the positive temperature coefficient of resistive element voltage and the negative temperature coefficient of Schottky diode forward voltage drop are cancelled out each other in operating temperature range, thereby make R1, R2, D1, the resistance of the bleeder circuit that D2 constitutes also be the biasing resistor of oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit hardly with temperature change, guarantee that the output current signal of discriminator circuit is temperature independent.Capacitor C 1 should be enough big, otherwise the shunting signal of output will have ripple to make the oscillation amplitude fluctuation.C1 too senior general makes the output amplitude of oscillator elongated stabilization time.When whole system had just powered on, the exciting current of bleeder circuit was zero, and the control level output of generation approaches supply voltage, so the PMOS pipe will end, and promptly Shu Chu shunt current is zero.Oscillator obtains the maximum reliable starting of oscillation of bias current when guaranteeing just to have begun.Raising along with the oscillator oscillation amplitude, discriminator circuit begins output current signal, the shunt current that amplitude control circuit is produced is increased, therefore the bias current of oscillator reduces, the vibration output amplitude also decreases, the discriminating output current reduces, and makes system finally reach balance by such loop control, and the oscillator output amplitude will be stabilized in the value near VBE.
Four, design voltage controlled oscillator bias current and filter circuit thereof.Adopt the voltage controlled oscillator biasing circuit of image current source structure to link to each other, for it provides stable and controlled dc bias current with voltage controlled oscillator.Its function is: stable direct current biasing produces the output of stable oscillation stationary vibration amplitude, controlled electric current through mirror image become controlled bias current make oscillator output amplitude can according to the feedback after-current size adjusted automatically, reach closed-loop control stable oscillation stationary vibration amplitude effect.Form the bias current filter circuit is series at provides bias current for voltage controlled oscillator circuit by inductance and electric capacity.Its function is: the current fluctuation that the filtering oscillator forms makes it not influence current biasing circuit, also makes the output noise that can not scurry into oscillating circuit formation oscillator to the noise of power supply and other circuit modules simultaneously.
Produce a stable not temperature variant reference current by band gap reference, this circuit links to each other with the diverter branch of feedback control circuit and the image source branch road of the bias current of oscillator biasing circuit.
The biasing circuit of oscillator as shown in Figure 5.P0 is the biasing constant-current source of oscillator, and its electric current is obtained by the bias current mirror image of P1 pipe.Capacitor C F and inductance L F constitute filter circuit and are used to suppress next noise to power supply and constant-current source.The capacitance of inductance is obtained big more, and it is good more to suppress effect, but considers that the parasitic parameter of shared chip area and generation also increases thereupon, therefore can not obtain excessive.The dimension scale of P0 and P1 pipe has determined the mirror image ratio of bias current.For the sensitivity of the FEEDBACK CONTROL that improves, can make the pipe of the relative P1 of pipe of P0 a lot of greatly, but being interference of noise, the problem that produces increases, also make system's instability.General relatively rational proportion is 5: 1 to 10: 1 a scope.And the size of P1 pipe generally get with amplitude control circuit in shunting consistent with PMOS pipe.Because the electric current sum of these two pipes equals the temperature independent constant current that reference current source produces, like this when variations in temperature, the temperature effect of bias current can not take place in the temperature characterisitic unanimity of two pipes.Capacitor C is used for the stable output that filtering interfering guarantees constant current tube P0.It has introduced a feedback limit g for feedback control system
P0/ C, assurance reponse system itself can not vibrated.Big system stability of the value of C and interference noise are little, but can make the system stability time elongated.
Five, design basis current generating circuit.Adopt the voltage controlled oscillator biasing circuit of image current source structure to link to each other, for it provides stable and controlled dc bias current with voltage controlled oscillator.Its function is: stable direct current biasing produces the output of stable oscillation stationary vibration amplitude, controlled electric current through mirror image become controlled bias current make oscillator output amplitude can according to the feedback after-current size adjusted automatically, reach closed-loop control stable oscillation stationary vibration amplitude effect.
Reference current is an almost temperature independent constant current, is obtained through mirror image by band-gap reference structure constant-current source, as shown in Figure 6.This reference current offers the isocon of biasing circuit P1 pipe and amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit.How many its shunt currents increases when amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit works, and will make the bias current of P1 pipe is corresponding to reduce what, finishes the feedback regulation function of closed loop.The temperature effect of the electric current of P1 pipe and isocon is by consistent being inhibited of characteristic of two pipes as mentioned above, and it is again temperature independent that the electric current sum of two pipes promptly equals reference current, thereby makes the temperature characterisitic of this shunt feedback governing loop reach optimum.Therefore the change that is to say temperature is very little to the influence of the bias current of oscillator, has avoided the temperature effect of vibration output amplitude and is only determined by the parameter setting of automatic amplitude feedback control loop.The parameter unanimity of two triodes of reference current mirror image part also is to have good temperature stabilization characteristic for the reference current that guarantees to export.
Six, poor designs separation structure vibration output buffer.The output buffer stage of difference form cobasis cascode (cascode) structure is connected in after the oscillator, and its output connects the load of oscillator.Its function is: the low noise oscillator signal that does not change of output difference with load, simultaneously the large-signal and the oscillator of load or other circuit modules are isolated.
The very little directly bringing onto load of the power output of oscillator is exported to load after must obtaining power gain by buffer stage.This circuit such as Fig. 7 adopt cobasis cascode stepped construction differential amplifier, and the output buffer stage of difference form cobasis common-emitter configuration is connected in after the oscillator, and its output connects the load of oscillator.This structure can guarantee the high-isolation of output to input, avoids the large-signal of the variation of output load and other circuit that oscillator is produced and harasses, and causes so-called backlash.The bias current of each difference amplifier tube Qc determines that according to the output loading size it is more than six times of operating frequency at least that the size of difference amplifier tube Qc then requires to make the cut-off frequency fT of pipe according to bias current.The size of offset Qbias will be got the noise of higher value to reduce to add as far as possible.The size of negative feedback resistor Rd then requires according to gain and waveform distortion requires to get.Gain is increased little resistance but distortion might take place waveform.The size of cobasis pipe Qc also must make the relative operating frequency of fT enough high according to the size of bias current.By adjusting the base bias voltage of Qc, guarantee the output signal distortion minimum of Qc.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of voltage controlled oscillator with automatic amplitude control, comprise: the negative resistance type difference structure voltage controlled oscillator, the oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit, amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit, voltage controlled oscillator biasing circuit and filter circuit thereof, reference current generating circuit and vibration output buffer is characterized in that: thus adjust the electric current automatic stabilisation output amplitude that biasing circuit is exported to voltage controlled oscillator by oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit and amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit according to the output amplitude size generation feedback control signal of voltage controlled oscillator.
2, the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of band according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the PMOS transistor is as the cross coupling structure negative resistance type differential voltage controlled oscillator of active device, comprised the antiresonant circuit of the two groups of variable capacitance diodes and the inductance of difference.
3, the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of band according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the negative resistance type voltage-controlled oscillator circuit links to each other with an oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit, differentiates that output signal is the pulse current with oscillator oscillation amplitude proportion relation.
4, the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of band according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit links to each other with the oscillation amplitude discriminator circuit, and the output pulse current of discriminator circuit is sent into and become the shunting signal that voltage signal stably converts FEEDBACK CONTROL again to behind the amplitude Control and Feedback shunt circuit earlier; Discriminator circuit essence is by resistance R 1, R2 and Schottky diode D1, and D2 constitutes, and pulse current is transformed to corresponding level output, and this level becomes stable control level after capacitor C 1 filtering, be used to control the PMOS pipe and produce corresponding shunt current output.
5, the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of band according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: voltage controlled oscillator bias current and filter circuit thereof, adopt the voltage controlled oscillator biasing circuit of image current source structure to link to each other, for it provides stable and controlled dc bias current with voltage controlled oscillator.
6, the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of band according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: form the bias current filter circuit is series at provides bias current for voltage controlled oscillator circuit by inductance and electric capacity, P0 is the biasing constant-current source of oscillator, its electric current is obtained by the bias current mirror image of P1 pipe, and capacitor C F and inductance L F constitute filter circuit and be used to suppress next noise to power supply and constant-current source.
7, the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of band according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: produce a stable not temperature variant reference current by band gap reference, this circuit links to each other with the diverter branch of feedback control circuit and the image source branch road of the bias current of oscillator biasing circuit.
8, the voltage controlled oscillator of the automatic amplitude control of band according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt cobasis cascode stepped construction differential amplifier, the output buffer stage of difference form cobasis common-emitter configuration is connected in after the oscillator, and its output connects the load of oscillator.
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| CN112054768B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2023-10-27 | 重庆西南集成电路设计有限责任公司 | Low-phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator circuit with oscillation frequency temperature compensation |
| CN112054768A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-08 | 重庆西南集成电路设计有限责任公司 | Low-phase-noise voltage-controlled oscillator circuit with oscillation frequency temperature compensation function |
| CN113612446B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-01-04 | 深圳市英特瑞半导体科技有限公司 | Self-adaptive amplitude adjustment oscillating circuit |
| CN113612446A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-11-05 | 深圳市英特瑞半导体科技有限公司 | Self-adaptive amplitude adjustment oscillating circuit |
| CN114690832A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十四研究所 | Current generation circuit, logarithmic amplifier and logarithmic slope temperature stability improvement method thereof |
| CN114690832B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-11-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十四研究所 | Current generating circuit, logarithmic amplifier and logarithmic slope stability improving method thereof |
| CN114650019A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-06-21 | 成都信息工程大学 | Amplifier circuit with arbitrary gain temperature coefficient |
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