CN101024862A - Technical hole wall intensifying method based on laser impaction wave and apparatus - Google Patents
Technical hole wall intensifying method based on laser impaction wave and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101024862A CN101024862A CN 200610096476 CN200610096476A CN101024862A CN 101024862 A CN101024862 A CN 101024862A CN 200610096476 CN200610096476 CN 200610096476 CN 200610096476 A CN200610096476 A CN 200610096476A CN 101024862 A CN101024862 A CN 101024862A
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Abstract
The invention is a hole wall strengthening method and device based on laser shock wave technique, relating to the laser machining field. And the invention firstly determines the corresponding reflecting cone diameter according to the principle of cooperation of hole size and hole shaft of a to-be-machined workpiece, coating energy absorbing layer material on the concial surface of the reflecting cone and then inserting the reflecting cone in the workpiece, installing the workpiece on a clamp, injecting constraint layer in the to-be-machined hole; a laser generates a laser pulse which irradiates the energy absorbing layer through light guiding system and constraint layer, and the energy absorbing layer absorbs the laser energy to vaporize, ionize, form plasma explosion, generate high amplitude shock wave, and strengthen the hole wall. And the invention can strengthen the walls of holes with larger diameters and strengthen the walls of micropores. And the strength and hardness of the strengthened hole wall are remarkably improved, and the surface layer has helpful remaining compression stress and it can obtain higher size accuracy and lower surface roughness and directly act as the final procedure of hole machining.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of laser processing, refer in particular to a kind ofly, be particularly suitable for middle small-bore, the degree of depth and strengthen than the hole wall of deep hole with the shock peening of laser blast wave to the metalwork hole wall.
Background technology
In mechanical component and mechanical means, the hole is in occupation of critical positions, because the difference of Working environment, the load difference that they bear, wherein there is a class hole will bear repeated load at work, makes its life-span be subjected to very big influence, as the spray orifice of high pressure spray nozzle, height, fast, the big fluid effect of pulsing of flow velocity when work because tube wall is under pressure, the inner-wall material in hole is subjected to impacting and peels off easily; The hole of aero-engine turbine disk alternately is heated and cools off, and material is inflated repeatedly and shrinks and will cause producing so-called thermal crack; The hole etc. that also has hydro-cylinder, bears the kinematic pair of repeated load.In order to make this class part increase anti-fatigue ability, prolong its work-ing life, during fabrication, not only need to select for use high performance material, and the processing of hole in piece part proposed some special requirements: the precision and the surfaceness of hole dimension meet certain requirements, the hole inwall will have certain thickness dense sclerosis layer tissue, and there is the layer of residual compressive stress of certain depth on the hole wall top layer.For this reason, common working method has hard surfacing, Du Chrome and the hole is carried out processing such as cold extrusion.Though hard surfacing is with two kinds of processing means of Du Chrome improve the hardness of hole wall, but brought deleterious residual tension to hole wall simultaneously, the fatigue resistance of workpiece is reduced, increased the susceptibility of corrosion failure, and hard surfacing, make the degree of depth of hardened layer wayward, the also inhomogeneous Du of hardened layer Chrome technology also relates to poisonous processing, and they are not technology first-selected in the mechanical workout.Cold extrusion is to adopt the extruding utensil hole wall to be carried out a kind of mode of chipless working, be hole the most frequently used a kind of effective ways when strengthening, but complex process, former process to the extruding endoporus has also proposed high requirement, usually need to adopt methods such as pulling eye, fraising, right boring to carry out preprocessing, reduce its surfaceness; And hole to be extruded needs classification, in order to avoid " stuck " in the extrusion process; Squeezing knife tool manufacturing process complexity, and the selection of cutter parameters is improper, makes hole wall surface shaping scratch, scuffing etc., reduces its mechanical property.
It is the another kind of method that hole wall is strengthened that mechanic shot peening is strengthened, its main method is the size according to the aperture, one reflection unit that has a cone angle is set in the hole, when the pellet injection of high-speed motion during to reflection unit, because the reflex action of cone angle, the direction of motion of bullet changes, and hits hole wall, and the bullet after the collision falls from the gap between reflection cone and the hole wall.Compare with employing cutter extrusion process, the manufacturing process of this method part is simple, can frequently not change utensil because of the size difference in hole, and certain flexibility is arranged.But owing to be subjected to the limitation of size in aperture own, the bullet quantity that enters in the hole is few, the position that hole wall is strengthened is wayward, the skewness of strengthening layer, especially when the diameter in hole hour, this technology not only exists bullet to fall not smooth shortcoming, also there is the little unconspicuous deficiency of strengthening effect that causes of quality owing to bullet, when the diameter in hole is little to a certain degree the time, just can not carry out shot peening strengthening, reinforcement exists certain limitation to inner hole wall therefore to adopt mechanic shot peening.
Reiforcing laser impact technology is the surface modification technology to a kind of advanced person of material reinforcement, and from existing literature data-searching, it is used mainly to concentrate on the surface of material is strengthened, as the destressing of the blade of aircraft, gear, weld seam etc.Existing fastener hole to aircraft skin laser impact intensified, in fact the material around the fastener hole port is strengthened, only there is the port position in hole in strengthening layer, and hole wall middle part material fails to be strengthened, and therefore adopts this schedule of reinforcement to be difficult to the whole hole wall of deep hole is strengthened.
The technology the most approaching with the present invention is that moment high temperature, the high-pressure shocking wave that explosive charge produces strengthened hole wall, but for tiny aperture, the explosive loading difficulty, processing parameter is difficult to control, and the relatively poor deficiency that waits of security makes this technology be difficult to be used.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be provided for the method and apparatus that the metallic substance hole wall is strengthened, it can directly be strengthened the hole, can not only strengthen the hole wall that adapts to the bigger aperture of diameter, and can also strengthen the hole wall of micro-holes.Intensity and hardness after hole wall is strengthened are significantly improved, and there is useful compressive residual stress in the top layer, and can obtain high dimension precision and than low surface roughness, the final operation that can directly process as the hole.
The invention is characterized in the power source of strengthening as hole wall, realize the whole hole wall of deep hole is strengthened by the position that orderly change laser blast wave produces with strong laser induced shockwave.
The device of implementing this method comprises laser apparatus, light-conducting system, spot size setting device, impact head, workpiece clamp system, Controlling System.Light-conducting system is made up of light pipe, total reflective mirror, impact head, and condenser lens is positioned at impact head, and light pipe is contacted total reflective mirror, spot size setting device and impact head, and the one end is connecting laser apparatus, and the other end is facing to workpiece clamp system.Workpiece clamp system comprises five-axle linkage worktable, restraint layer, energy-absorbing layer, reflection cone, workpiece, anchor clamps.Reflection cone inserts in the workpiece hole to be strengthened, the surface coverage of reflection cone energy-absorbing layer, be restraint layer on energy-absorbing layer, clamping workpiece is on anchor clamps, anchor clamps are fixed on the worktable.Controlling System comprises computer, controller and laser control device, and computer is controlled laser control device, spot size setting device, five-axle linkage worktable respectively by controller, laser control device control laser apparatus.The spot size setting device is to be made of the adjustable spring of length-controlled; Reflection cone is to be formed from steel, and it is 2 α cone surfaces that its head has cone angle, and 0 °＜α＜90 °, its effect is to produce shockwave behind the Stimulated Light irradiation, and what the conical surface of reflection cone was following is the cylinder that cooperates with hole to be processed, and restraint layer is a water, and absorption layer is pitch-dark.
The invention process process is as follows:
1) according to the size of the hole dimension of workpiece to be processed,, determines the corresponding reflecting diameter according to hole axle matching principle.
2) on the conical surface of reflection cone, coat the energy absorption layer material, again reflection cone is inserted in the workpiece, and workpiece is installed on the anchor clamps, in hole to be processed, inject constrained layer material.
3) laser apparatus produces laser pulse, through light-conducting system, restraint layer, is radiated at energy-absorbing layer, and energy-absorbing layer absorbs laser energy vaporization, ionization, the blast of formation plasma body, produces the high-amplitude shockwave, and hole wall is strengthened.
4) according to the degree of depth in hole,, change the relative position of reflection cone and hole wall, strengthened in the another location of hole wall by the controller of platen.By the orderly change of reflection cone position, progressively realize the reinforcement of whole hole wall like this.
5) finish the reinforcement in a hole after, workpiece withdraws from reflection cone, working table movement is strengthened next hole wall to appointed positions again, has all strengthened in holes all on workpiece.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. because the power source of adopting laser blast wave to strengthen as hole wall, thereby it belongs to contactless processing, there are not the wearing and tearing and the consumption of cutter, technology is simple, do not need before the reinforcement size in hole is carried out classification, be not subjected to the restriction of pore size, have bigger flexibility, be particularly suitable for the reinforcement of deep hole, small hole wall.
2. laser parameter is accurately controlled, good reproducibility, and the effect of shock peening is even, and shockwave multiple reflection often on hole wall is realized repeatedly strengthening.Can realize that the one or many reinforcement up to meeting the demands to extremely, need not behind the shot-peening to handle again in the hole wall somewhere.
3. the unrelieved stress of laser peening formation is bigger than the unrelieved stress that mechanic shot peening forms, it is darker than the residual compressive stress layer that mechanic shot peening forms to form the residual compressive stress layer depth, and make the smooth finish of hole wall surface improve 1～2 grade, hardness raising, grain refining, workpiece anti-fatigue performance and the anti-stress corrosion performance of material are significantly improved.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram that the small hole wall based on laser shock wave technology of the proposition according to the present invention is strengthened.
Fig. 2 is the laser blast wave shaping principle schematic of the reinforcement of the hole wall of proposition according to the present invention.
1. laser apparatus 2. laser beams 3. light pipes 4. total reflective mirrors 5. spot size setting devices 6. impact head 7. workpiece 8. anchor clamps 9. reflection cones 10. five-axle linkage worktable 11. controllers 12. computer 13. laser control devices, 14. restraint layers (water) 15. high pressure plasmas, 16. energy-absorbing layers (pitch-dark) 17. condenser lenses
Embodiment
Describe the details and the working condition of the concrete device of the present invention's proposition in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 1.
This device comprises a laser apparatus (1) and light-conducting system, spot size setting device (5), impact head (8), workpiece clamp system, Controlling System.Wherein light-conducting system comprises light pipe (3), total reflective mirror (4) and impact head (8) etc.Workpiece clamp system comprises worktable (10), reflection cone (9), restraint layer (14), absorption layer (16), workpiece (7) and anchor clamps (8).Controlling System is made up of computer (13), controller (11), laser control device (13).
Laser apparatus (1) sends through the laser beam of optimizing (2), and the facular model of laser beam (2) can be various modes such as basic mode, multimode, and it is regulated and control by laser control device (13).By condenser lens (17) and the restraint layer (14) of laser beam (2) in light pipe (3) and total reflection border (4) and impact head (8) that laser apparatus (1) produces, irradiation is on the energy-absorbing layer (16) on reflection cone (9) surface.The relative distance that controller (11) is regulated impact head (6) and reflection cone (9) by spot size setting device (5) can change spot size.Reflection cone (9) is fixed on the worktable (10), and worktable can be realized along three axial move and around two rotations, thereby realize the hole system of workpiece (7) different positions is strengthened.
As shown in Figure 2, laser beam (2) through light-conducting system output sends from impact head (6), pass restraint layer (14), effect of irradiation cover on the workpiece surface on energy-absorbing layer (16) on, after energy-absorbing layer (16) absorbs superlaser, vaporization rapidly, ionization forms plasma body (15), plasma body (15) continues to absorb laser energy, form detonation wave, produce the high-amplitude shockwave of while to workpiece (7) internal communication, reach the dynamic yield strength of the peak pressure of hole wall place shockwave, the surface of a certain position of hole wall is strengthened greater than metal blank.After the reinforcement, work stage (10) and spot size setting device (5) are accepted the instruction of controller (11), make reflection cone (9) and impact head (6) on the axially bored line direction, move to a new position, carry out reinforcement again to hole wall, after finishing reinforcement so successively to whole hole wall, reflection cone (9) withdraws from workpiece (7) under the drive of worktable (10), subsequent working platform (10) moves, when moving to the hole of next position, again hole wall is strengthened, traverser again after finishing, holes all on workpiece all are reinforced.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of hole wall enhancement method based on laser shock wave technology, it is characterized in that: according to the size and the hole axle matching principle of the hole dimension of workpiece to be processed (7), determine corresponding reflecting (9) diameter, on the conical surface of reflection cone (9), coat energy-absorbing layer (16) material, again reflection cone (9) is inserted in the workpiece (7), and workpiece (7) is installed on the anchor clamps (8), in hole to be processed, inject restraint layer (14); Laser apparatus (1) produces laser pulse, through light-conducting system, restraint layer (14), is radiated at energy-absorbing layer (16), and energy-absorbing layer (16) absorbs laser energy vaporization, ionization, the blast of formation plasma body, produces the high-amplitude shockwave, and hole wall is strengthened.
2, a kind of device of strengthening based on the hole wall of laser shock wave technology, it is characterized in that: device comprises laser apparatus (1), light-conducting system, spot size setting device (5), impact head (6), workpiece clamp system, Controlling System; Light-conducting system is made up of light pipe (3), total reflective mirror (4), impact head (6), condenser lens (17) is positioned at impact head (6), light pipe (3) gets up total reflective mirror (4), spot size setting device (5) and impact head (6) polyphone, the one end is connecting laser apparatus (1), and the other end is facing to workpiece clamp system; Workpiece clamp system comprises five-axle linkage worktable (10), restraint layer (14), energy-absorbing layer (16), reflection cone (9), workpiece (7), anchor clamps (8), reflection cone (9) inserts in workpiece (7) hole to be strengthened, the surface coverage of reflection cone (9) energy-absorbing layer (16), on energy-absorbing layer (16) restraint layer (14), workpiece (7) is clamped on the anchor clamps (8), and anchor clamps (8) are fixed on five worktable (10); Controlling System comprises computer (12), controller (11) and laser control device (13), computer (12) is controlled laser control device (13), spot size setting device (5), five-axle linkage worktable (10) respectively by controller, laser control device (13) control laser apparatus (1).
3, a kind of device of strengthening based on the hole wall of laser shock wave technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the spot size setting device is made of the adjustable spring of length-controlled.
4, a kind of device of strengthening based on the hole wall of laser shock wave technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: reflection cone is to be formed from steel, it is 2 α cone surfaces that its head has cone angle, and 0 °＜α＜90 °, what the conical surface of reflection cone was following is the cylinder that cooperates with hole to be processed.
5, a kind of device of strengthening based on the hole wall of laser shock wave technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: restraint layer is a water, absorption layer is pitch-dark.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100964765A CN100469900C (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2006-09-27 | Technical hole wall intensifying method based on laser impaction wave and apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006100964765A CN100469900C (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2006-09-27 | Technical hole wall intensifying method based on laser impaction wave and apparatus |
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| CN101024862A true CN101024862A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| CN100469900C CN100469900C (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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| CNB2006100964765A Expired - Fee Related CN100469900C (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2006-09-27 | Technical hole wall intensifying method based on laser impaction wave and apparatus |
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| CN100469900C (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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Assignee: Jiangsu Huineng Electric Co., Ltd. Assignor: Jiangsu University Contract fulfillment period: 2009.6.8 to 2012.6.8 contract change Contract record no.: 2009320000986 Denomination of invention: Technical hole wall intensifying method based on laser impaction wave and apparatus Granted publication date: 20090318 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2009.6.10 |
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