CN101021474A - Opening gas multi-element monitoring instrument and monitoring method - Google Patents
Opening gas multi-element monitoring instrument and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101021474A CN101021474A CN 200610098155 CN200610098155A CN101021474A CN 101021474 A CN101021474 A CN 101021474A CN 200610098155 CN200610098155 CN 200610098155 CN 200610098155 A CN200610098155 A CN 200610098155A CN 101021474 A CN101021474 A CN 101021474A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-wavelength high-sensitivity online monitor of multi-component NH3 and H2O based on semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy. It contains host chassis and open long-path system. Equip power receptacle, switch, fiber connector and data transmission interface. It is characterized in that: there are near-infrared semiconductor laser, semiconductor laser controller, phase-locked amplifier, signal generator, data collecting and controlling module and infrared detector in host chassis which is connected with field optical system by fiber. Open optical system contains send-receive optical telescope and multielement reflector array. Optical telescope has input and output fiber couplers. The device realizes simultaneous testing of gas multi-component by using multi-wavelength and frequency division multi-signal detecting technique.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of laser spectrum surveying instrument of gas, specifically is a kind of multicomponent gas monitoring instrument of the open light path based near infrared tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum method, and it is measuring N H simultaneously
3And H
2The concentration of O.
Background technology
Measure when adopting many gas componants and be in atmosphere environment supervision or all be very important aspect Industry Control, the industrial pollution monitoring; For example in the measuring process of atmospheric trace gas, the correlativity between each composition is analyzed in measurement when usually needing multiple composition, thereby analyzes the source of each trace gas and some chemical reactions in the Atmospheric Chemistry; The atmospheric trace gas that LPMA university in 2002 carries out utilizes the TDLAS technology to measure CO, O simultaneously in measuring
3, CO
2, HCl, N
2O, CH
4, COF
2, HOCl, H
2O
2, NO, H
2O, NO
2, HNO
3Space distribution, part measurement result wherein shows CH
4And NO
2Has extraordinary correlativity, for Atmospheric Chemistry provides very important foundation.
Ammonia is that content is only second to N in the Atmospheric components
2And N
2The nitrogen-containing compound of O also is an alkaline trace gas the abundantest in the Atmospheric components.As the main neutralizing agent of atmosphere acid ingredient, the environmental effect of ammonia more and more is subject to people's attention in the atmosphere.It is considered to the key factor of range of influence air quality, atmospheric visibility and acid deposition.
Agricultural sources is generally considered to be atmosphere NH
3Main emission source, main source is volatilization of poultry farming, soil and fertilizer volatilization, the NH of agricultural district
3Discharging means the loss of a large amount of soil fertility, and China is a large agricultural country, also is an ammonia emission big country, and the ammonia nitrogen discharge capacity of nineteen ninety is about 8449Gg, ranks first in the world.China urban area equally also faces because NH
3Discharge caused environmental problem, in the PM2.5 composition in the city that some are big such as Beijing and Shanghai, ammonium salt has accounted for very big proportion.Atmosphere NH
3The detection of discharging and improvement also are faced with the problem that lacks the field quick detection instrument at present, it is slow that detection method commonly used at present comprises that denuder method, gas chromatography etc. all exist detection speed, need complicated problems such as gas sample, can't satisfy the on-the-spot needs that detect in real time, develop a kind of on-the-spot detection technique of gas sample that need not for solving present atmosphere NH
3The detecting instrument shortage problem has the application value of reality.
Modulating frequency frequency multiplexing technique based on tunable semiconductor optical maser wavelength modulated spectrum provides a kind of direct method that multiple gases is surveyed simultaneously of carrying out, and can realize highly sensitive, high-resolution, the online detection of noncontact to gas.Two laser instruments are modulated laser output wavelength with different modulating frequencies respectively, and two bundle laser close bundle by fiber coupler, by the optical telescope of Optical Fiber Transmission to the detection scene, along identical optic path.Light beam is returned along original optical path by the corner reflector reflection through surveyed area after being launched by optical telescope, and the light beam that returns focuses on same infrared eye and surveys, and does not need to increase extra light path and optical devices.Detectable signal is extracted second harmonic signal by two stand lock phase amplifiers under different frequency, demodulation frequency, harmonic signal is gathered and handled, and is used for the concentration of two kinds of gases of inverting simultaneously.Utilize the frequency division multiplex signal detection technique to realize detecting simultaneously,, improve detect effective significant for the application of expanding the tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum based on the multicomponent gas of tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of highly sensitive on-line monitoring instrument of open polycomponent NH3, H2O based on tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology, use the optical communication wave band near infrared semiconductor laser of optical fiber coupling, the light beam of multi-wavelength is closed bundle, and by identical optical path, detect when adopting Wavelength modulation spectroscopy and second-harmonic detection method, frequency division multiplex signal detection technique, open long light path to realize many gas compositions.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Open NH based on tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology
3And H
2O polycomponent monitoring method is characterized in that:
(1), to adopt centre wavelength be the detection laser light source of the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument of 1544nm as NH3, by control laser temperature, electric current with near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned to NH
3One absorb the line center, be f with frequency
0Sawtooth signal be superimposed upon on the drive current of near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument and make the slow scanned NH3 absorption lines of gases of optical maser wavelength, be f with frequency simultaneously
1Sine wave signal is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument laser output wavelength is modulated;
(2), adopting centre wavelength is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument of 1392nm is as H
2The detection laser light source of O, by control laser temperature, electric current with the laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned to H
2One of O absorbs the line center, same, is f with frequency
0Sawtooth signal be superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument and make the slow scanned H of optical maser wavelength
2The O absorption lines of gases simultaneously, is f with frequency
2Sine wave signal is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument laser output wavelength is modulated;
(3), the tail optical fiber output of two laser instruments at first is coupled into 2 * 1 bundling devices by joint flange, the laser of tail optical fiber output has comprised above-mentioned two wavelength component in the bundling device at this moment, the laser that closes behind the bundle is coupled to transmitting-receiving optical telescope sidewall by input optical fibre by the input optical fibre coupling mechanism, the off axis paraboloidal mirror of coupled light beam through being installed in telescope lens barrel central authorities expands behind the bundle with parallel light emergence, light beam returns along original optical path through the corner reflector group reflection back that is placed on the light path other end behind the surveyed area, the light that reflects is collected by the main spherical mirror of telescope lens barrel bottom, focus on the coupled end that derives fiber coupler by the secondary spherical mirror that is installed in the off axis paraboloidal mirror rear then, be coupled into built-in NH who is full of concentration known of output optical fibre transmission arrival by deriving fiber coupler
3And H
2The steam correcting absorptive pool of O normal mixture body is used for detecting the real time calibration of absorption signal;
(4), to the photosurface of infrared photoelectric detector, the infrared photoelectric detector signal is divided into two-way through lens focus for the emergent light of steam correcting absorptive pool, send two lock-in amplifiers to carry out second harmonic signal respectively and detect, thereby demodulate NH on the detector simultaneously
3And H
2The absorption line of O, absorption spectra that measures and standard spectrum are carried out least square fitting, the gas concentration in current time in the corresponding moment that obtains and note, concentration value is carried out valuation filtering, upgrade filter factor then, corresponding preservation of time and on computing machine and monitor, show with concentration;
(5), repeat above step and realize continuous on-line monitoring.
Described frequency is f
0Sawtooth signal, frequency be f
1, f
2Sine wave signal produce by same signal generating circuit.
Described f
1And f
2Be non-integral multiple relation.
Open NH based on tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology
3And H
2The O multi-element monitoring instrument, include mainframe box, Switching Power Supply, switch, it is characterized in that being equipped with in the mainframe box near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument that near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument that centre wavelength is 1544nm and centre wavelength are 1392nm, and corresponding current control module, signal generating circuit; The tail optical fiber output of two laser instruments at first is coupled into 2 * 1 bundling devices by joint flange, and the light-emitting window of bundling device is coupled to transmitting-receiving optical telescope sidewall by input optical fibre by the input optical fibre coupling mechanism; Telescope lens barrel central authorities and be positioned at the fiber coupler below off axis paraboloidal mirror is installed, the light path other end behind the off axis paraboloidal mirror is equipped with the corner reflector group, telescope lens barrel bottom is equipped with main spherical mirror, the back side of off axis paraboloidal mirror is equipped with secondary spherical mirror, have focal aperture in the main spherical mirror, the outer telescope bottom of focal aperture is equipped with the derivation fiber coupler, derives fiber coupler and the NH that is full of concentration known
3And H
2Pass through optical fiber light-guiding between the steam correcting absorptive pool of O normal mixture body, condenser lens, infrared photoelectric detector are installed behind the steam correcting absorptive pool, the signal output part of infrared photoelectric detector inserts two lock-in amplifiers respectively, and the output signal of lock-in amplifier is linked into data acquisition, processing and control module.
The present invention utilizes up-to-date near infrared tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology, long path cell technology, Wavelength modulation spectroscopy technology, second-harmonic detection technology and the realization of frequency division multiplex signal detection technique to the real-time monitoring of NH3 in the atmosphere and H2O concentration, utilizes tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology high-resolution characteristics to eliminate the interference of other gas componant in the surrounding air.Overcome technically conventional port instrument response speed slow, be subject to disturb, easily poison, can not realize shortcomings such as continuous real-time monitoring and cost height, utilize a cover system to realize the monitoring of multiple gases component, reduced the system cost of gas-monitoring, detectability to NH3 and H2O concentration is lower than 2ppb and 100ppm respectively, satisfied the needs of atmosphere environment supervision, really realized highly sensitive, real time on-line monitoring atmospheric trace gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the telescope configuration synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a corner reflector group structural representation.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.
Number in the figure: 1, mainframe box, 2, main power switch, 3,1544nm semiconductor laser temperature current control module, 4, signal generating circuit, 5,1392nm semiconductor laser temperature current control module, 6,1544nm near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument, 7,1392nm near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument, 8,2 * 1 optical-fiber bundling devices, 9, the input optical fibre connector, 10, output optical fibre connector 11, steam correcting absorptive pool, 12, condenser lens, 13, infrared photoelectric detector, 14, lock-in amplifier 1,15, lock-in amplifier 2,16, data acquisition, handle and control module, 17, Switching Power Supply 18, LCDs, above-mentioned related parts all are mounted on the cabinet 1.19, output optical fibre, 20 input optical fibres, 21, the transmitting-receiving optical telescope, 22, the corner reflector group, 23, main spherical mirror, 24, secondary spherical mirror, 25, off axis paraboloidal mirror, 26, the telescope window, 27, input optical fibre coupling mechanism 28, derive fiber coupler.
It is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument 6 of 1544nm is as NH that the present invention adopts centre wavelength
3The detection laser light source, laser temperature and current control module 3 by control laser temperature, electric current with the laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned to NH
3One absorb the line center, the frequency that signal generating circuit 4 produces is f
0Sawtooth signal be superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument and make the slow scanned NH3 absorption lines of gases of optical maser wavelength, it is f that signal generating circuit 4 produces frequency simultaneously
1Sine wave signal is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument laser output wavelength is modulated, and adopting centre wavelength is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument 7 of 1392nm is as H
2The detection laser light source of O, utilize laser temperature and current control module 5 with the laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned to H
2One of O absorbs the line center, same, and the frequency that signal generating circuit 4 produces is f
0Sawtooth signal be superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument and make the slow scanned H of optical maser wavelength
2It is f that O absorption lines of gases, signal generating circuit 4 produce frequency simultaneously
2Sine wave signal is superimposed upon and carries out tuning to laser output wavelength on the drive current of laser instrument.Laser instrument 6 is f with the laser instrument 7 shared frequencies that produced by signal generating circuit 4
0Length scanning signal, but modulated under different sine wave freuqencies, wherein f
1And f
2Can not lean on too closely, and both can not become the integral multiple relation.The tail optical fiber output of two laser instruments at first is coupled into 2 * 1 bundling devices 8 by joint flange, and the laser of tail optical fiber output has comprised above-mentioned two wavelength component in the bundling device at this moment, provides possibility for realizing that polycomponent detects.Closing the laser that comprises these two wavelength component behind the bundle is connected with outer light path by input optical fibre 20, what outer light path adopted is open double light path design, transmitting-receiving optical telescope 21 and multicomponent corner reflector group 22 by Cassegrain type are formed, and the design maximum light path is 500m.Laser beam is coupled to transmitting-receiving optical telescope 21 through optical fiber by input optical fibre coupling mechanism 27, coupled light beam after off axis paraboloidal mirror 25 expands bundle with parallel light emergence, light beam returns along original optical path through the corner reflector group 22 reflection backs that are placed on the light path other end behind the surveyed area, the light that reflects is collected by the main spherical mirror in the telescope 23, focus on the coupled end that derives fiber coupler 28 by secondary spherical mirror 24 then, be coupled into optical fiber 19 by coupling mechanism and transmit back host computer system.The back light signal arrives a built-in NH who is full of concentration known by the joints of optical fibre 10 of mainframe box
3And H
2The 10cm steam correcting absorptive pool 11 of O normal mixture body is used for detecting the real time calibration of absorption signal.Emergent light focuses on the photosurface of an infrared photoelectric detector 13 through behind the steam correcting absorptive pool 11.Detector signal is divided into two-way, send lock-in amplifier 14 and 15 to carry out the second harmonic signal detection respectively, thereby demodulates the NH on the detector simultaneously
3And H
2The absorption line of O, absorption spectra that measures and standard spectrum are carried out least square fitting, the gas concentration in current time in the corresponding moment that obtains and note, concentration value is carried out valuation filtering, upgrade filter factor then, corresponding preservation of time and on computing machine and monitor, show with concentration.Repeat above step again and realize continuous on-line monitoring.
Claims (4)
1, open NH
3And H
2O polycomponent monitoring method is characterized in that:
(1), adopting centre wavelength is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument of 1544nm is as NH
3The detection laser light source, by control laser temperature, electric current with near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned to NH
3One absorb the line center, be f with frequency
0Sawtooth signal be superimposed upon on the drive current of near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument and make the slow scanned NH3 absorption lines of gases of optical maser wavelength, be f with frequency simultaneously
1Sine wave signal is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument laser output wavelength is modulated;
(2), adopting centre wavelength is that the near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument of 1392nm is as H
2The detection laser light source of O, by control laser temperature, electric current with the laser instrument output center wavelength be tuned to H
2One of O absorbs the line center, same, is f with frequency
0Sawtooth signal be superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument and make the slow scanned H of optical maser wavelength
2The O absorption lines of gases simultaneously, is f with frequency
2Sine wave signal is superimposed upon on the drive current of laser instrument laser output wavelength is modulated;
(3), the tail optical fiber output of two laser instruments at first is coupled into 2 * 1 bundling devices by joint flange, the laser of tail optical fiber output has comprised above-mentioned two wavelength component in the bundling device at this moment, the laser that closes behind the bundle is coupled to transmitting-receiving optical telescope sidewall by input optical fibre by the input optical fibre coupling mechanism, the off axis paraboloidal mirror of coupled light beam through being installed in telescope lens barrel central authorities expands behind the bundle with parallel light emergence, light beam returns along original optical path through the corner reflector group reflection back that is placed on the light path other end behind the surveyed area, the light that reflects is collected by the main spherical mirror of telescope lens barrel bottom, focus on the coupled end that derives fiber coupler by the secondary spherical mirror that is installed in the off axis paraboloidal mirror rear then, be coupled into built-in NH who is full of concentration known of output optical fibre transmission arrival by deriving fiber coupler
3And H
2The steam correcting absorptive pool of O normal mixture body is used for detecting the real time calibration of absorption signal;
(4), to the photosurface of infrared photoelectric detector, the infrared photoelectric detector signal is divided into two-way through lens focus for the emergent light of steam correcting absorptive pool, send two lock-in amplifiers to carry out second harmonic signal respectively and detect, thereby demodulate NH on the detector simultaneously
3And H
2The absorption line of O, absorption spectra that measures and standard spectrum are carried out least square fitting, the gas concentration in current time in the corresponding moment that obtains and note, concentration value is carried out valuation filtering, upgrade filter factor then, corresponding preservation of time and on computing machine and monitor, show with concentration;
(5), repeat above step and realize continuous on-line monitoring.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described frequency is f
0Sawtooth signal, frequency be f
1, f
2Sine wave signal produce by same signal generating circuit.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described f
1And f
2Be non-integral multiple relation.
4, open NH
3And H
2The O multi-element monitoring instrument, include mainframe box, Switching Power Supply, switch, it is characterized in that being equipped with in the mainframe box near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument that near infrared dfb semiconductor laser instrument that centre wavelength is 1544nm and centre wavelength are 1392nm, and corresponding current control module, signal generating circuit; The tail optical fiber output of two laser instruments at first is coupled into 2 * 1 bundling devices by joint flange, and the light-emitting window of bundling device is coupled to transmitting-receiving optical telescope sidewall by input optical fibre by the input optical fibre coupling mechanism; Telescope lens barrel central authorities and be positioned at the fiber coupler below off axis paraboloidal mirror is installed, the light path other end behind the off axis paraboloidal mirror is equipped with the corner reflector group, telescope lens barrel bottom is equipped with main spherical mirror, the back side of off axis paraboloidal mirror is equipped with secondary spherical mirror, have focal aperture in the main spherical mirror, the outer telescope bottom of focal aperture is equipped with the derivation fiber coupler, derives fiber coupler and the NH that is full of concentration known
3And H
2Pass through optical fiber light-guiding between the steam correcting absorptive pool of O normal mixture body, condenser lens, infrared photoelectric detector are installed behind the steam correcting absorptive pool, the signal output part of infrared photoelectric detector inserts two lock-in amplifiers respectively, and the output signal of lock-in amplifier is linked into data acquisition, processing and control module.
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