CN115791699A - Methane remote measuring alarm system and method based on vertical cavity surface emission and storage medium - Google Patents
Methane remote measuring alarm system and method based on vertical cavity surface emission and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gas detection and alarm, in particular to a methane remote measurement and alarm system and method based on vertical cavity surface emission and a storage medium. According to the wavelength of a preset methane gas absorption spectrum line, a laser driving module drives a laser to generate emergent light covering a plurality of methane absorption peaks, an infrared laser is collimated and incident to a diffuse reflection surface by a laser beam-expanding collimator, the laser is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and then is collected on a light receiving surface through a methane gas blocking-Green system, the laser is focused on a photosensitive surface of a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector receives transmitted light with gas absorption information, converts an optical signal into an electric signal, the received electric signal is subjected to low-noise amplification of a point intensity through a transimpedance amplification module, the signal is transmitted to a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card transmits the acquired data signal to a processor to be processed to obtain an absorption peak value difference, and the methane gas remote measurement alarm is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas detection and alarm, in particular to a methane remote measurement and alarm system and method based on vertical cavity surface emission and a storage medium.
Background
For gas molecules, the internal motion of the gas molecules includes vibrational rotation and electron motion, and the transition between molecular vibrational levels is responsible for the generation of the infrared absorption spectrum. When infrared light impinges on a gas molecule, if the frequency of the infrared light is exactly equal to the energy threshold of the molecular level transition, the molecule will be shocked from the original ground state to a higher shock level and absorb the energy of the infrared light. This process can be quantitatively described by Beer-Lambert's law: i is t (v)=I 0 (v)exp[-a(v)CL]In which I t (v) And I 0 (v) The light intensity is transmitted light intensity and incident light intensity, v is the frequency of incident light, C is the volume concentration of the gas to be measured, L is the optical path of absorbed light, and a (v) is the absorption coefficient at the frequency v.
The formula can be further derived:
therefore, when the temperature and the pressure of the detection environment and the background gas are stable, the absorption coefficient a (v) is considered to be unchanged, so that the concentration of the gas to be detected is in direct proportion to the peak height of the absorption spectrum line, and the concentration can be measured by measuring I t (v) And I 0 (v) The target gas concentration can be demodulated by the ratio.
In the current detection method, because the single absorption peak detection method has the problems of overhigh random noise and overlarge absorption peak broadening under high air pressure, the invention patent with the Chinese patent publication (publication) number of CN102495021A discloses a trace moisture detection system and method based on double absorption peaks, and provides a double absorption peak detection method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission, which can improve the anti-interference capability of the telemetry system against random noise, and the system includes:
the laser driving module is used for generating constant current and modulation voltage acting on the laser by loading modulation waveforms;
the laser beam expanding collimator is adjusted by a beam expanding lens to change an incident laser beam into a collimated emergent beam, expand the diameter of the collimated beam and reduce the divergence angle of the beam;
the Cassegrain optical system is used for collecting transmitted light which is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and penetrates through methane gas, and focusing the transmitted light to the photoelectric detector;
the laser can generate emergent light covering a plurality of absorption peaks of the gas;
the diffuse reflection surface performs diffuse reflection on the collimated emergent light beam, so that the methane gas is transmitted by the diffuse reflection light in a large range;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the optical signal with the methane gas absorption information and converting the optical signal into an electric signal;
the transimpedance amplification module performs low-noise amplification on the received electric signal and transmits the amplified electric signal to the data acquisition card;
the data acquisition card is used for acquiring and amplifying the electric signals and transmitting the signals to the processor;
the processor processes the received electric signals to obtain the peak value difference of the absorption peak, and controls the audible and visual alarm to alarm when the peak value difference of the absorption peak exceeds an alarm threshold value;
the alarm device actively alarms when receiving the alarm signal and is accompanied with sound-light alarm.
The laser driving module comprises a function generating circuit, a filter circuit, a constant current driving circuit and a modulation voltage output circuit, wherein the function generating circuit generates a waveform output signal with required frequency, the filter circuit filters noise of the waveform output signal to generate a modulation sawtooth wave, the constant current driving circuit generates constant current to be loaded to the laser to enable the laser to emit light, and the modulation voltage output circuit applies modulation voltage to piezoelectric ceramics in the laser to change the cavity length in the laser so as to change the emitting wavelength.
The laser driving circuit is connected with a laser pin and generates emergent light by loading constant current on the power modulation cathode pin; and loading a modulation voltage to the wavelength modulation cathode pin to enable the laser to generate laser with a preset wavelength.
Furthermore, an optical filter is connected between the photoelectric detector and the Cassegrain optical system and used for absorbing other arbitrary wavelengths except infrared wavelengths, so that the accuracy of the detection signal of the photoelectric detector is ensured, and the detection error of the detection signal is prevented.
In some implementation manners of the first aspect, the system further includes a laser temperature control module, and is characterized in that the laser temperature control module includes a temperature detection resistor, a power driving circuit and a semiconductor cooler, the laser actual temperature is detected through the temperature detection resistor, and according to the laser actual temperature value, the power driving circuit drives the semiconductor cooler to control the temperature of the laser, so as to maintain the stability of the emergent light.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a methane telemetry and alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) According to an absorption spectrum line graph of methane between 1635nm and 1660nm, absorption spectrum lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm are respectively selected, and peak intensities of absorption peaks of the two absorption spectrum lines are respectively set as a signal point and a reference zero point;
(2) A methane remote measuring alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission is arranged in a gas environment to be measured;
(3) Determining the scanning waveform frequency range of the laser, setting the central wavelength of the laser to be 1647.5nm, and determining the scanning range of the laser to be 13nm according to the absorption spectral line;
(4) Determining a wavelength scanning mode of a laser, scanning and outputting optical signals with different wavelengths by the laser, and forming periodic wavelength scanning by changing the emergent wavelength of the laser;
(5) And identifying and telemetering the methane gas, reading the light intensity value at the gas absorption peak by a processor when the emergent wavelength of the emergent light of the laser sweeps the absorption spectral lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm, representing the methane gas concentration in the gas environment to be detected according to the relationship between the emergent light and the transmitted light given by the Beer-Lambert law through the peak difference of the absorption peak, judging whether the peak difference of the absorption peak exceeds a set threshold value, and carrying out audible and visual alarm if the peak difference of the absorption peak exceeds the set threshold value.
Preferably, two absorption lines with one large absorption line and one small absorption line are selected according to the methane gas absorption line graph, the two absorption lines should both have relatively strong absorption intensity, the two absorption lines have difference in absorption intensity, the peak intensity of the large absorption peak is set as a signal point, the peak intensity of the small absorption peak is set as a reference zero point, and the amplitude intensity of the signal point is 1.85 times of the amplitude intensity of the reference zero point.
In a third aspect, the methane telemetry alarm system device based on vertical cavity surface emission comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission is realized when the processor executes program data stored in the memory.
A fourth aspect provides a readable storage medium for storing program data, wherein the program data, when executed by a processor, implements a vertical-cavity surface-emission-based methane telemetry alarm method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the VCSEL is adopted to improve the bandwidth scanning range, a plurality of gas absorption peaks can be covered, the temperature of the VCSEL is controlled by using the laser temperature control module, stable wavelength and optical power are maintained, and the influence of the temperature of the laser on the detection result can be avoided;
(2) The transmitted light carrying gas absorption information is collected by adopting a Cassegrain optical system, so that the influence of irregularity of a laser light path can be prevented;
(3) The processor can solve the problem of overlarge random noise interference at the non-absorption baseline by setting the signal point and the reference zero point and selecting the reference zero point at another absorption position, and can improve the anti-interference capability of the remote measuring system on the random noise;
(4) The processor represents the gas concentration by adopting the peak difference of the absorption peak, thereby completing the detection of the methane gas concentration, setting an alarm threshold value, controlling the audible and visual alarm when the peak difference of the absorption peak exceeds the threshold value, and ensuring the response speed and the accuracy of the methane telemetering alarm system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a vertical cavity surface emission based methane telemetry alarm method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a spectrum diagram of the absorption spectrum of the methane gas between 1635nm and 1660 nm.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read with reference to the drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown.
The invention provides a methane telemetering alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission, as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises:
the laser driving module comprises a function generating circuit, a filter circuit, a constant current driving circuit and a modulation voltage output circuit, wherein the function generating circuit generates a waveform output signal with required frequency, the filter circuit filters noise of the waveform output signal to generate a modulation sawtooth wave, the constant current driving circuit generates constant current to be loaded to a laser to enable the laser to emit light, and the modulation voltage output circuit applies modulation voltage to piezoelectric ceramics in the laser to change the cavity length in the laser so as to change the emitting wavelength;
the laser beam expansion collimator adjusts an incident laser beam into a collimated emergent beam, expands the diameter of the collimated beam and reduces the beam divergence angle;
the Cassegrain optical system is used for collecting transmitted light which penetrates through methane gas after being reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and focusing the transmitted light onto the photoelectric detector;
the Laser is a T0 packaged VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) without a tail fiber, the Laser driving circuit is connected with a VCSEL pin, and emergent light is generated by loading constant current to a power modulation cathode pin; loading a modulation voltage on a wavelength modulation cathode pin to enable a laser to generate laser with a preset wavelength, so as to generate emergent light covering a plurality of absorption peaks of gas;
the diffuse reflection surface performs diffuse reflection on the collimated emergent light beam to ensure that the methane gas is transmitted by the diffuse reflection light in a large range;
the photoelectric detector is generally responsive to infrared light, has a response coefficient of about 0.9A/W and relatively flat gain, is used for receiving an optical signal with gas absorption information and converting the optical signal into an electric signal, and has the model number of IG17X2000G1 i;
the transimpedance amplification module comprises a transimpedance amplification circuit and a reverse amplification circuit, performs low-noise amplification on the received electric signal, and transmits the amplified signal to the data acquisition card;
the data acquisition card is used for acquiring the amplified electric signals and transmitting the signals to the processor;
the processor is used for processing the received electric signals to obtain the peak value difference of the absorption peak, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to alarm when the peak value difference of the absorption peak exceeds an alarm threshold value;
and the alarm device actively alarms when receiving the alarm signal and is accompanied with sound-light alarm.
Furthermore, the output end of the laser driving module is connected with a laser, the laser is connected with the laser beam expansion collimator through a multimode optical fiber, an open space optical path for providing detection gas is arranged between the diffuse reflection surface and the blocking-Green optical system, the input end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the output end of the blocking-Green optical system, the input end of the transimpedance amplification module is connected with the output end of the photoelectric detector, the data acquisition card is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplification module, and the processor is respectively connected with the output end of the data acquisition card and the audible and visual alarm.
In a specific embodiment, an optical filter is connected between the photodetector and the cassetter-green optical system, and is used for absorbing any other wavelength except infrared wavelength, so that the accuracy of a detection signal of the photodetector is ensured, and a detection error of the detection signal is prevented.
Further specifically, the system further comprises a laser temperature control module, wherein the laser temperature control module comprises a temperature detection resistor, a power supply driving circuit and a semiconductor Cooler (Thermo Electric Cooler, abbreviated as TEC), the actual temperature of the laser is detected through the temperature detection resistor, and according to the actual temperature value of the laser, the power supply driving circuit drives the TEC to control the temperature of the laser, so as to maintain the stability of emergent light.
In addition, the invention also provides a methane telemetering alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission, which comprises the following steps:
(1) According to an absorption spectrum line graph of methane between 1635nm and 1660nm, absorption spectrum lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm are respectively selected, and peak intensities of absorption peaks of the two absorption spectrum lines are respectively set as a signal point and a reference zero point;
by inquiring an absorption spectrum diagram of methane gas between 1635nm and 1660nm in a high-resolution molecular absorption database (HITRAN for short), two absorption spectrum lines with one large line and one small line are selected, the two spectrum lines both have stronger absorption intensity, the two absorption spectrum lines have difference in absorption intensity, the peak intensity of a large absorption peak is set as a signal point, the peak intensity of a small absorption peak is set as a reference zero point, and the amplitude intensity of the signal point is 1.85 times of the amplitude intensity of the reference zero point.
(2) The methane remote measuring alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission is arranged in a gas environment to be measured, and the optical path is adjusted to meet the requirement of normal work of light irradiation;
the VCSEL laser is connected with a laser driving module consisting of a constant current driving circuit and a modulation voltage output circuit, and the VCSEL laser is connected with the laser beam expanding collimator through a multimode optical fiber and outputs infrared collimated laser to the diffuse reflection surface. An open space optical path for providing detection gas is arranged between the diffuse reflection surface and the Cassegrain optical system, and the photoelectric detector is placed at the focus of the Cassegrain optical system, so that infrared laser which is diffusely reflected to the light receiving surface of the Cassegrain optical system through the diffuse reflection surface is focused on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector. An optical filter is connected between the photoelectric detector and the jam-Green optical system, the central wavelength of the optical filter is 1647.5nm, the bandwidth is 50nm, the photoelectric detector is connected with a transimpedance amplification module consisting of a transimpedance amplification circuit and a reverse amplification circuit, the transimpedance amplification module is connected with the input end of a data acquisition card, and the processor is connected with data acquisition to read data detected by gas.
(3) Determining the scanning waveform frequency range of the laser, setting the central wavelength of the laser to be 1647.5nm, and determining the scanning range of the laser to be 13nm according to the absorption spectral line.
(4) And determining a wavelength scanning mode of the laser, scanning and outputting optical signals with different wavelengths by the laser, and forming periodic wavelength scanning by changing the emergent wavelength of the laser.
(5) The methane gas is identified and telemetered, when the emergent wavelength of emergent light of the laser device scans through absorption spectral lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm, a processor reads and obtains a light intensity value at a gas absorption peak, according to the relation between the emergent light and transmitted light given by the Beer-Lambert law, the methane gas concentration in the gas environment to be detected is represented by the peak value difference of the absorption peak, whether the peak value difference of the absorption peak exceeds a set threshold value is judged, and if the peak value difference exceeds the set threshold value, an acousto-optic alarm is carried out;
according to the wavelength of a preset methane gas absorption spectral line, a laser driving module is used for functionally loading a modulation sawtooth wave with the frequency of 5hz and the moderate amplitude, a constant current of 25mA and a triangular wave modulation voltage of-5V to-17V are used for driving a laser, the VCSEL laser is driven to generate emergent light covering a plurality of methane absorption peaks, an infrared laser is collimated and incident on a diffuse reflection surface by a laser beam expansion collimator, an open space light path is formed between the diffuse reflection surface and a blocking-Green optical system and can contain detection gas, the laser is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface, then penetrates through the methane gas, is collected on a light receiving surface by the blocking-Green optical system and is focused on a photosensitive surface of a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector receives transmitted light with gas absorption information, converts an optical signal into an electric signal, performs low-noise amplification on the received electric signal by a trans-blocking amplification module, then transmits the signal to a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card transmits the acquired data signal to a processor for processing and analysis, and further obtains the concentration of the methane gas.
Processor for collecting absorption informationFitting, namely considering two wings of an absorption peak as transmission signals which do not participate in absorption, and after the absorption peak signals are removed, determining the wavelength and power response curve of the VCSEL laser according to the tuning characteristic of the VCSEL laser to obtain the light intensity value I of incident light by adopting second-order polynomial fitting 0 ；
When the exit wavelength of the emergent light of the VCSEL laser sweeps across the two absorption spectral lines, the following relation between the emergent light and the transmitted light can be obtained through the Beer-Lambert law:
wherein, I tv01 And I tv02 Corresponding to the light intensity values, I, of the transmitted light at the two absorption lines 0 Is the value of the intensity of the incident light, S 01 (T) and S 02 (T) is the absorption intensity of the two absorption lines at the temperature T, g (v) 01 ) And g (v) 02 ) Respectively corresponding to the values at the peaks of the linear functions of the two absorption lines, v 01 And v 02 Respectively in the form of wave number of light wave at the absorption peak position of two absorption lines. P is the total pressure value of the measured sample gas, k is the Boltzmann constant, C is the proportion of the methane gas in the sample gas to the gas, i.e., the gas concentration, and L is the optical path of the absorbed light.
Therefore, when the methane gas concentration in the middle area of the optical path of the remote measuring system is different, the peak value difference of the absorption peaks is different, and the gas concentration can be represented by the peak value difference.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a methane telemetering and alarming system device based on vertical cavity surface emission, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the methane telemetering and alarming method based on vertical cavity surface emission is realized when the processor executes program data stored in the memory.
Finally, the invention also provides a readable storage medium for storing program data which, when executed by a processor, implements a vertical cavity surface emission-based methane telemetry alarm method.
It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments of the present invention describe some methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the above-described steps, that is, the steps may be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, may be performed in an order different from the order in the embodiments, or may be performed simultaneously.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or additions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. Methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission, characterized in that the system includes:
the laser driving module: loading a modulation waveform for generating a constant current and a modulation voltage acting on the laser;
laser beam expanding collimator: adjusting the incident laser beam to be a collimated emergent beam, expanding the diameter of the collimated beam and reducing the divergence angle of the beam;
cassete-green optical system: the device is used for collecting the transmitted light which is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and then penetrates through the methane gas, and focusing the transmitted light onto the photoelectric detector;
a laser: generating emergent light covering a plurality of absorption peaks of the gas;
diffuse reflection surface: performing diffuse reflection on the collimated emergent light beam to enable the diffuse reflection light to transmit methane gas in a large range;
a photoelectric detector: the device is used for receiving the optical signal with methane gas absorption information and converting the optical signal into an electric signal;
the transimpedance amplification module: carrying out low-noise amplification on the received electric signal, and transmitting the amplified electric signal to a data acquisition card;
a data acquisition card: the device is used for collecting and amplifying the electric signals and transmitting the signals to the processor;
a processor: processing the received electric signals to obtain the peak value difference of the absorption peak, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to alarm when the peak value difference of the absorption peak exceeds an alarm threshold value;
an alarm device: when receiving the alarm signal, the alarm is given actively and accompanied by sound and light alarm.
2. The methane telemetry and alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission of claim 1, wherein the laser drive module comprises a function generation circuit, a filter circuit, a constant current drive circuit and a modulation voltage output circuit, the function generation circuit generates a waveform output signal with a required frequency, the filter circuit filters noise of the waveform output signal to generate a modulation sawtooth wave, the constant current drive circuit generates a constant current to be loaded to the laser to enable the laser to emit light, and the modulation voltage output circuit applies a modulation voltage to piezoelectric ceramics inside the laser to change the cavity length inside the laser, so that the emission wavelength is changed.
3. The vertical-cavity surface-emitting-based methane telemetry and alarm system of claim 1, wherein the laser drive module is connected to a laser pin, and generates emergent light by applying a constant current to a power-modulated cathode pin; and loading a modulation voltage to the wavelength modulation cathode pin to enable the laser to generate laser with a preset wavelength.
4. The vertical-cavity surface-emission-based methane telemetry and alarm system of claim 1, wherein an optical filter is connected between the photodetector and the casser-green optical system.
5. The vertical cavity surface emission-based methane telemetry alarm system according to claim 1, further comprising a laser temperature control module, wherein the laser temperature control module comprises a temperature detection resistor, a power driving circuit and a semiconductor refrigerator, the actual temperature of the laser is detected through the temperature detection resistor, and according to the actual temperature value of the laser, the power driving circuit drives the semiconductor refrigerator to control the temperature of the laser, so as to maintain the stability of the emergent light.
6. A methane telemetering alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) According to an absorption spectrum line graph of methane between 1635nm and 1660nm, absorption spectrum lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm are respectively selected, and peak intensities of absorption peaks of the two absorption spectrum lines are respectively set as a signal point and a reference zero point;
(2) Disposing the vertical-cavity surface-emission-based methane telemetry alarm system of any one of claims 1-5 in a gas environment to be tested;
(3) Determining the scanning waveform frequency range of the laser, setting the central wavelength of the laser to be 1647.5nm, and determining the scanning range of the laser to be 13nm according to the absorption spectral line;
(4) Determining a wavelength scanning mode of a laser, scanning and outputting optical signals with different wavelengths by the laser, and forming periodic wavelength scanning by changing the emergent wavelength of the laser;
(5) And identifying and telemetering the methane gas, reading the light intensity value at the gas absorption peak by a processor when the emergent wavelength of the emergent light of the laser sweeps the absorption spectral lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm, representing the methane gas concentration in the gas environment to be detected according to the relationship between the emergent light and the transmitted light given by the Beer-Lambert law through the peak difference of the absorption peak, judging whether the peak difference of the absorption peak exceeds a set threshold value, and carrying out audible and visual alarm if the peak difference of the absorption peak exceeds the set threshold value.
7. The vertical cavity surface emission based methane telemetry alarm method of claim 6, wherein the signal point amplitude intensity is 1.85 times the reference zero amplitude intensity.
8. Vertical-cavity surface-emission-based methane telemetry alarm system apparatus, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor implements the vertical-cavity surface-emission-based methane telemetry alarm method of any of claims 6-7 when executing program data stored in the memory.
9. A computer readable storage medium for storing program data, wherein the program data when executed by a processor implements the vertical-cavity surface-emission based methane telemetry alarm method of any of claims 6-7.
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