CN101016733A - Multiple points settlement observation method and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for checking artificial embankment body and foundation sink. The method comprises that embedding a deep sink detector and a shallow sink detector with hollow tubular structures in each checking layer along one normal line at object position in the artificial embankment body, and leading measuring device or measuring medium into a measuring channel formed by the shallow sink detector and a connecting tube, to measure the position change of the shallow sink detector and measure the height strike of the upper end of the connecting tube to find out the sink of each checking layer.

Description

Multiple spot settlement observation method and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used to detect the method to set up of the method for artificial filling body and foundation settlement thereof, the employed device of this method and this device.This instrument especially is fit to simultaneously delaminating deposition in the artificial filling body and distortion and the settlement after construction of a certain degree of depth of ground place's construction period thereof be observed along a vertical line, and can carry out the installation of instrument under the situation of influence construction hardly.Artificial filling body of the present invention comprises and utilizes various types of filler through the artificial structure such as the roadbed that forms, dykes and dams of building, as the roadbed of railway or highway, dam etc.

Background technology

At the construction period of artificial filling body such as roadbed, dykes and dams with after coming into operation, the settling amount of filling body is controlled its speed of application often, is judged the primary index of its function user mode.

Settlement observation to artificial filling body and ground thereof at present has following several instrument or method: 1. artificial level observation; 2. with laser observation or the observation of displacement meter quasi-instrument; 3. magnet ring settlement gauge; 4. horizontal inclinometer.More than these settlement observation methods following deficiency is arranged: 1. adopt the observation of artificial level only can observe the sedimentation of exposed surface, can't carry out the settlement observation of filling body layering, ground deep and construction period; During 2. with laser observation or the observation of displacement meter quasi-instrument,, cost an arm and a leg though its precision is higher, and the existence weak point identical with measurement of the level; 3. the magnet ring settlement gauge can measure delaminating deposition, but the filling body of this observation procedure after can only finishing construction observe, and can not measure the construction period distortion; 4. horizontal inclinometer can reach the purpose of the delaminating deposition that measures filling body by special layout measuring point, but it can not measure the distortion of construction period and the distortion in ground deep.After the available accuracy of two kinds of observation procedures chatting in the cm level, as only being in the engineering of 1～2cm to roadbed settlement Control standard, often can not satisfy the requirement of high measurement accuracy at high-speed railway etc.From prior art, do not see relevant as yet to any method of carrying out settlement observation in the filling body work progress and the instrument that can be used for similar observation.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of method that artificial filling body and foundation settlement situation thereof are observed, provide this method employed device simultaneously, and the method that is provided with of this device.Method of the present invention can be used in completed filling body, with the settlement after construction of observation filling body and ground thereof; Also can be under the situation of influence construction hardly, simultaneously the sedimentation at optional position in the filling body and a certain degree of depth of ground place thereof is observed along a vertical line in filling body construction period, with the delaminating deposition of monitoring construction period filling body, and the settlement after construction after being completed.Installation cost of the present invention is comparatively cheap, can reach millimeter level even higher accuracy of observation.Utilize the present invention can reach the purpose from the construction beginning to the deformation monitoring of the overall process that comes into operation to artificial filling body and ground thereof, the analysis and the prediction of being out of shape for filling body provide technical support.

The present invention is to the observation procedure of artificial filling body sedimentation, being the position that needs to carry out settlement observation in artificial filling body buries underground in each detection layers by shallow layer settling detection means that has hollow tubular structure and shallow layer settling checkout gear that tube connector constitutes along same vertical line, upper end in the shallow layer settling detection means on the most close filling body top layer is provided with the tube connector that is connected cooperation with it, and the upper end of this root tube connector is concordant with the filling body top layer at least, cooperating should make between tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means between each tube connector and the shallow layer settling detection means is free to slide along the vertical line direction mutually, being embedded in shallow layer settling detection means in the filling body and tube connector produces synchronization position with the sedimentation of the filling body soil body and changes, measuring appliance or measuring media are introduced in the measurement passage that is formed by shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector, measure the change in location of shallow layer settling detection means, the throughput location can be determined the settling amount of each detection layers in the elevation of the tube connector upper end of surface layer again.

For both needing to detect settlement of foundation, also need to detect under the situation of settling amount of filling body, method of the present invention is the position that needs to carry out settlement observation in ground and artificial filling body, along same vertical line the deep settlement detecting device that is made of deep sedimentation detection means and flexible support device is set at the ground place, in artificial filling body, the shallow layer settling checkout gear is set, deep sedimentation detection means wherein is the structure of the straight measuring staff of vertical fixing on a base plate, the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means is positioned over the foundation requirement place that fathoms, the flexible support device is placed in outside the deep sedimentation detection means, and the pillar upper end in the flexible support device is matched with the lower end of the shallow layer settling detection means that is adjacent.Upper end in the shallow layer settling detection means on the most close filling body top layer is provided with the tube connector that is connected cooperation with it, and the upper end of this root tube connector is concordant with the filling body top layer at least.Cooperating should make between tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means between each tube connector and the shallow layer settling detection means is free to slide along the vertical line direction mutually.The deep detection means that is arranged at the ground place can produce synchronous sedimentation with the sedimentation of ground detection layers, being embedded in shallow layer settling detection means in the filling body and tube connector produces synchronization position with the sedimentation of the filling body soil body and changes, measuring appliance or measuring media are introduced in the measurement passage that is formed by deep settlement detecting device and shallow layer settling checkout gear, the measuring stick upper end that measurement is positioned at deep sedimentation detection means can obtain the sedimentation situation of change of ground, measure the change in location of shallow layer settling detection means, the throughput location can be determined the settling amount of ground and each detection layers in the elevation of the tube connector upper end of surface layer again.

Connection cooperation in the above said content is meant both mutual fits, as: the straight tube of sedimentation detection means is placed in outside the tube connector, perhaps tube connector is placed in outside the straight tube of sedimentation detection means, perhaps the cup on the deep sedimentation detection means is placed in outside the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means, or the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means is placed in outside the cup of deep sedimentation detection means.

Deep of the present invention settlement detecting device is made of deep sedimentation detection means and flexible support device, deep sedimentation detection means wherein is the straight measuring staff of vertical fixing on a base plate, whole member is the member in a T type cross section, flexible support device of the present invention by pillar and filling the flexible packing material between pillar and hole wall form, pillar wherein is the straight tube that flexible material is made, flexible packing material can be fine sand, can certainly adopt granular macromolecular material, for example granular PVC.

Deep sedimentation detection means in the settlement detecting device of deep of the present invention also can be by base plate, the straight measuring staff of vertical fixing on a base plate, and be fixed with a cup in the upper end of straight measuring staff and constitute, wherein: the area of base plate equals the cross-sectional area of cup at least, go to the bottom and the upper end of straight measuring staff of cup are fixed, the device that is fixed with device that measuring appliance is set on the inwall of cup or can acts on mutually with measuring media, the external diameter of cup should be slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the straight tube of the shallow layer settling detection means that matches with it, so that both when cooperating cup relatively the shallow layer settling detection means do vertical slide displacement, the cup of deep sedimentation detection means was to insert in the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means during obviously this embodiment used.If the device that is fixed with device that measuring appliance is set at the bottom of the cup cup on the measuring staff or can acts on mutually with measuring media, and the internal diameter that makes cup is a bit larger tham the external diameter of the hollow tube of the shallow layer settling detection means that matches with it, and when both are cooperated cup relatively the shallow layer settling detection means do vertical slide displacement, promptly constitute another embodiment of sedimentation detection means in deep of the present invention.Another embodiment of deep of the present invention detection means is on aforesaid basis, straight measuring staff is made by at least two sections each screwed straight-bars of its end that is separated from each other, by the pipe collar that has internal thread each section straight-bar is linked together, this structure can be so that in use assemble and Height Adjustment deep sedimentation detection means.

Pillar in the settlement detecting device of deep of the present invention preferably adopts the PVC material to make.

Shallow layer settling checkout gear of the present invention is made of shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector.The shallow layer settling detection means by: straight-run of pipe, be arranged at the device of the fixation measuring utensil in the straight tube or the device that can act on mutually with measuring media, and fixing stiffener plate constitutes on the straight tube outer wall, the dull and stereotyped plate face on the shallow layer settling detection means and the axis normal of straight tube, and dull and stereotyped plate face area is equal to or greater than 2 times of the straight tube cross-sectional area, and the length of straight tube equals theoretical maximum settlement amount of tested detection layers and slab-thickness sum at least; Tube connector is a straight tube, and its length equals difference that detection layers thickness deducts the theoretical maximum settlement amount of detection layers and deducts at least 3 centimetres poor again; And have between the straight tube caliber of the caliber of tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means can guarantee tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means be connected the back both can be along the gap that tube connector axially is free to slide mutually.

Flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means of the present invention can be fixed in length of straight pipe 1/2nd to the distance between a pipe end of distance straight tube be arbitrary position between 1/2nd places of detection layers maximum settlement amount, on two pipe end outer walls of straight tube, be fixed with sealing ring, the external diameter of sealing ring can match with the internal diameter of tube connector, so that both can be along tubular axis to being free to slide mutually behind the straight tube pipe end insertion tube connector.

The position of the device that fixedly installs measuring appliance that is provided with in the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means perhaps of the present invention or the device that can act on mutually with measuring media be positioned at length of straight pipe 1/2nd to the distance between a pipe end of distance straight tube be arbitrary position between 1/2nd places of detection layers maximum settlement amount, the pipe end that the internal diameter of straight tube is a bit larger tham tube connector is provided with the maximum gauge at sealing ring place, both can be along tubular axis to being free to slide mutually so that tube connector inserts the interior back of the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means, and the pipe end outer wall of tube connector is provided with sealing ring.The external diameter of sealing ring can match with the internal diameter of tube connector, so that both can be along tubular axis to being free to slide mutually behind the straight tube pipe end insertion tube connector.

In the straight tube of sedimentation detection means of the present invention, can be provided with and be used to collude the boss of hanging the dip stick probe part, also can in the straight tube of sedimentation detection means, be provided with the fixedly device of measuring staff, perhaps in the straight tube of sedimentation detection means, be provided with the device of fixation measuring rope one end, but perhaps in the straight tube of sedimentation detection means, be provided with the reverberation of reflector laser.When being provided with the device of fixation measuring rope one end in the straight tube that adopts the sedimentation detection means, be fixed with weight after after settlement detecting device sets, should making the other end of measuring rope walk around the fixed pulley that is fixed in ground, simultaneously on lining rope, be provided with position indicating mechanism, to indicate the variation of settling amount.

Tube connector in aforementioned apparatus of the present invention can adopt the metal manufacturing, also can adopt the macromolecular material manufacturing, as pvc pipe, even can adopt the inorganic material manufacturing, as pipe of cement etc., but require the inwall or the outer wall smoother of tube connector, can satisfy the counterpart that is mated, as the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means or the cup on the deep sedimentation detection means, the requirement that can be free to slide mutually gets final product.

Other it should be noted that when employing is of the present invention, when same vertical line position need be provided with a plurality of sedimentation detection means, the measuring appliance that each sedimentation detection means is provided with in straight tube centers on and evenly is provided with along same circumference, as: the fixedly device of measuring staff or lining rope, or the device that acts on mutually with measuring media, during as the reverberation of reflector laser, it is evenly distributed around same circumference, so that the test point of each detection layers is observed and measured, and avoid producing each other disturbing.

The mode that device of the present invention is set when implementing method of the present invention is as follows:

One, is used in the method that construction is provided with the shallow layer settling checkout gear of the artificial filling body of observation simultaneously

Elder generation opens a degree of depth downwards to designing requirement in the position that ground need be provided with observation device, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means plate diameter, levelling at the bottom of the hole, the length of straight pipe of excavation one degree of depth shallow layer settling detection means of being a bit larger tham downwards in hole bottom again, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means straight tube external diameter, the shallow layer settling detection means is laid in the hole of holding successfully steadily, pipe cap on shallow layer settling detection means straight tube upper end cover, then hole backfill original soil to foundation surface is also tamped, fill out first detection layers by the design and construction requirement again, after having filled the artificial filling body of first detection layers, dig a degree of depth downwards to pipe cap on first detection layers surface along detecting vertical line, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of tube connector, in hole, take out pipe cap, the lower end of inserting tube connector again and make tube connector in the hole cooperates with the upper end socket of shallow layer settling detection means in being embedded in ground, add a cover pipe cap in the tube connector upper end, space backfill around the tube connector is closely knit, the tube connector dull and stereotyped external diameter that is a bit larger tham the shallow layer settling detection means with top soil body reaming to diameter suitable for reading, take out pipe cap, first order shallow layer settling detection means is installed, flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means is placed on the step plane of hole upper limb, pipe cap enters straight tube to prevent filler on the upper end cover of the straight tube of first order shallow layer settling detection means then, earthing landfill on the shallow layer settling detection means afterwards is by the design height of the filling body of filling body requirement normal construction to the first detection layers; The filling body of inserting second detection layers again is to design height, repeat above operation, shallow layer settling detection means at different levels and tube connector are embedded in the precalculated position respectively, and make on the final stage tube connector that is matched with final stage shallow layer settling detection means upper end pipe end concordant with the top layer of going up a detection layers most at least, the axis of the straight tube of maintenance shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector is vertical with horizontal plane in the whole construction, the pipe end of each shallow layer settling detection means straight tube is determined by technology with the degree of depth that cooperates between tube connector, and the pipe end that should guarantee to make flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector leaves the gap that is not less than the theoretical maximum settlement amount 1/2nd of corresponding backfill layer, in burying process underground, use the total powerstation track and localization, detect utensil and insert with shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector and the suitable face of land that is connected to.

Two, be used in construction observation ground and the deep detection means of artificial filling body settling amount and the method for shallow layer settling checkout gear are set simultaneously

On ground, open earlier the degree of depth that a degree of depth to designing requirement places the shallow layer settling detection means, slightly larger in diameter before filling downwards in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means plate diameter.The design of being a bit larger tham in hole bottom downward excavation one degree of depth is provided with the hole of the deep settlement detecting device degree of depth, slightly larger in diameter member diameter of diameter maximum in the checkout gear member of deep again.The member of diameter maximum is meant both diameter the maximum in deep sedimentation detection means or the flexible support device in the deep settlement detecting device member described here, because according to different application requirements, the diameter of flexible support device can be less than the base plate diameter of deep sedimentation detection means, also can be greater than the diameter of base plate, select its diameter the maximum perforate may guarantee that just member, the device of being correlated with can insert from hole.Charge into the sand levelling in the hole bottom.The base plate of deep sedimentation detection means is placed on the sand at the bottom of the hole, again the flexible support device is placed in outside the detection means of deep, on the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means, be provided for the balance weight body of gravity compensation.Pipe cap on flexible support device upper end cover is used the flexible material filling between the inwall with the outer wall of flexible support device and hole, takes out pipe cap.The lower end of first shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the hole, matched with flexible support device upper end in the straight tube lower end of this shallow layer settling detection means, the flat board of shallow layer settling detection means is positioned on the step that forms on the ground, pipe cap enters straight tube to prevent to banket on the upper end cover of the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means then, the backfill original soil is to foundation surface on the shallow layer settling detection means, bury the shallow layer settling checkout gear underground according to method for embedding in artificial filling body then, shallow layer settling detection means at different levels and tube connector are embedded in the precalculated position respectively, and make on the final stage tube connector that is matched with final stage shallow layer settling detection means upper end pipe end concordant with the packing course top layer at least, the axis of the straight tube of maintenance shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector is vertical with horizontal plane in the whole construction, the pipe end of each shallow layer settling detection means straight tube is determined by technology with the degree of depth that cooperates between tube connector, and the pipe end that should guarantee to make flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector leaves the gap that is not less than the theoretical maximum settlement amount 1/2nd of corresponding backfill layer, in burying process underground, use the total powerstation track and localization, detect utensil with the deep settlement detecting device, shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector insert and the suitable face of land that is connected to.

Above embedding manner is a principle.Can tube connector be imbedded in the filling body according to when filling technology successively (mostly the actual technology of filling is placement in layers) buried underground burying underground in the process of reality, and directly leave the hole that can bury the shallow layer settling detection means underground in the position that needs are buried the shallow layer settling detection means underground, at the bottom of the hole, offer again slightly larger in diameter in the hole of tube connector external diameter to tube connector pipe cap place.In this way the shallow layer settling detection means is imbedded wherein.Can reduce like this and bury operation underground, raise the efficiency.

Three, at completed artificial filling body observation ground and the deep detection means of artificial filling body settling amount and the method for shallow layer settling checkout gear are set

In the artificial filling body of having finished, be provided for observing ground and the deep sedimentation detection means of artificial filling body and the method for shallow layer settling checkout gear, can on artificial filling body, offer the degree of depth and reach foundation requirement and detect the hole that position, diameter are a bit larger tham the pillar external diameter, with reference to the observation ground being set simultaneously and manually the deep detection means of filling body settling amount and the method for shallow layer settling checkout gear are constructed in construction with aforesaid.

But when in the artificial filling body of having finished, relevant checkout gear being set, even the sedimentation detection means is set in each detection layers, owing to be difficult to remain consistent between the new backfill of each detection layers when checkout gear is set, also being difficult to has identical compaction rate, so each shallow layer settling checkout gear can not reflect the true sedimentation situation of each detection layers.Therefore the present invention's suggestion only is provided with a deep detection means and a shallow layer settling detection means in completed artificial filling body.

" slightly larger in diameter " described in the aforementioned method to set up in the perforate process is can insert in the hole for the perforate of assurance institute can guarantee the member of being correlated with, there is no special requirement, because when hole is excessive, can cause the increase of backfill amount, can make the placement of on-board components produce inconvenience, removing does not have too many influence in addition yet.

In real work, the flat board of each the shallow layer settling detection means following appropriate location, surface that all is arranged at the filling body layer that is observed gets final product generally speaking, according to inventor's experience, the dull and stereotyped position that is provided with on the detection layers surface with the lower straighttube top to highly adding 10 to 20 centimetres between flat board for best.After the shallow layer settling detection means is buried underground under this set situation, can not influence rammer, the stone roller operation on detection layers surface.

The present invention also provides the auxiliary implement that is used with device of the present invention, as measuring with surveying chi, is used at the pipe cap that construction capping respective members is set.

The survey chi that is used with sedimentation detection means in deep of the present invention and shallow layer settling checkout gear is an invar tape, and its chi end is provided with the gauge head of a T type, and the horizontal end upper surface and the soffit of T shape gauge head are the measuring basis face.

Pipe cap of the present invention is the female cap of the oriented lower hem of its marginal belt, the slightly larger in diameter of female cap is in the straight tube of flexible support device that is mated or shallow layer settling detection means or the external diameter of tube connector, the outer rim of female cap be provided be used to take out ring.

Method of the present invention can solve the deficiencies in the prior art, sedimentation to artificial filling body and ground is observed in good time, can completed manually fill in setting also can be provided with simultaneously in artificial filling body construction, can observe the sedimentation and deformation in the construction, can behind the worker, observe the sedimentation and deformation of ground, each detection layers again in good time.Observation procedure of the present invention and used installation cost are also far below prior art, and accuracy of detection is higher than prior art.Use the result to show according to reality, accuracy in measurement of the present invention can reach the millimeter level, and when using laser measurement, its accuracy in measurement will be better than the millimeter level.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 is the structural profile schematic diagram of several shallow layer settling detection means embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of sedimentation detection means in deep of the present invention.Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the used a kind of dip stick of the present invention.Fig. 8 specifically is applied to the generalized section of the artificial filling body of three detection layers for the present invention.Fig. 9 is for burying the schematic diagram of settlement detecting device underground in completed artificial filling body.Figure 10 to Figure 15 is for being provided with the generalized section of apparatus of the present invention simultaneously in construction.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and each embodiment the present invention is done further explanation:

Fig. 1 is first embodiment of apparatus of the present invention.Among the figure: 1 for being placed on the pipe cap of uppermost final stage tube connector pipe upper end, after apparatus of the present invention are buried underground in filling body, should be on final stage tube connector upper end cover pipe cap, measure in the passage to prevent that rainwater or foreign material from falling into.2 is tube connector, and this tube connector is the tube connector that is in final stage on this figure.3 is the sealing ring of being located at the tube end of the straight tube 6 on the sedimentation detection means 4.4 is the shallow layer settling detection means.5 for being fixed in the stiffener plate outside the straight tube 6 on the sedimentation detection means 4.6 is straight tube.7 for being fixed in the boss that extension dip stick probe part is colluded in straight tube 6 interior being used to.By Fig. 1 as seen, the internal diameter of tube connector 2 is a bit larger tham the external diameter of the set sealing ring 3 of the pipe end of straight tube 6 in the present embodiment, is that member 6 is inserted in the pipe of tube connector 2 in concrete use.Stiffener plate 5 can be the arbitrary position between 1/2nd places of detection layers maximum settlement amount at 1/2nd places of length of straight pipe to the distance apart from a pipe end in position fixing on the straight tube 6 in general.When apparatus of the present invention adopt this mode that stiffener plate is set, can be for providing enough spaces along moving mutually of axis direction between tube connector and sedimentation detection means.Stiffener plate 2 is to be located at 1/2nd places of straight tube 6 length in the present embodiment.Dull and stereotyped 2 area generally should be equal to or greater than 2 times of straight tube cross-sectional area.The size of dull and stereotyped 2 areas depends on the situation of packed layer.It is close that the packing course thing is got over matter generally speaking, and used platen area just can be more little, otherwise filler density is little, and used platen area just should be corresponding big.When being the bigger conditioned soil of density as the detection layers material, dull and stereotyped 2 area can be a little bit smaller relatively, and when the detection layers filler was the less material of sand or soft clay isodensity, the area of used flat board 2 then should be relatively greatly.Under the more special situation, when being concrete as detection layers, also can the littler stiffener plate 2 of usable floor area, even dull and stereotyped 2 area can be less than 2 times of straight tube area.The length of straight tube should equal theoretical maximum settlement amount of tested detection layers and slab-thickness sum at least, so just can make the sedimentation detection means form synchronously equidistant moving with the detection layers sedimentation.

Fig. 2 is second embodiment of apparatus of the present invention.2 still is tube connector in the present embodiment, and 3 are the sealing ring on the pipe end of being located at the straight tube 6 on the sedimentation detection means 4, and 5 is stiffener plate.Be provided with the fastening devices 8 of measuring staff at the inwall of straight tube 6, fixing measuring staff 9 on the device 8.Measuring staff 9 extends final stage tube connector place when burying use underground, to realize direct measurement.

The embodiment of apparatus of the present invention that Fig. 3 provides is identical with the structure that Fig. 2 provides basically, but the straight tube internal diameter of sedimentation detection means 4 is a bit larger tham the maximum outside diameter of the pipe end of tube connector 2 in the present embodiment.This shows present embodiment when using, tube connector 2 is to realize both being connected in the straight tube 6 that inserts on the sedimentation detection means 4.In addition, because the inside at pipe 6 is provided with the fixedly device 8 of measuring staff, influence for anti-8 pairs of tube connectors of locking apparatus, 2 motions, device 8 should be arranged at length of straight pipe 1/2nd to the distance between a pipe end of distance straight tube be arbitrary position between 1/2nd places of detection layers maximum settlement amount, when being connected, leave the abundant exercise position to give tube connector 2.In addition as can be seen from Fig. 3, be not provided with sealing ring in the end of the straight tube 6 of shallow layer settling detection means and the end of tube connector 2.This structure should prevent that filler from falling into from the gap location of tube connector and straight tube when concrete application, influence follow-up metrology operation and carry out, so its effect will be worse than the structure that sealing ring is set slightly.

Fig. 4 is another embodiment of apparatus of the present invention, and the structure of it and Fig. 1 is substantially similar, and illustrates in the drawings with surveying the situation that dipstick metering is surveyed.In Fig. 4,2 still is tube connector, and 3 is sealing ring, and 4 are the sedimentation detection means, and 5 is stiffener plate, and 6 is straight tube, and 7 for being fixed in the boss that extension dip stick probe part is colluded in straight tube 6 interior being used to, and 10 is measuring steel ring chi, and 11 is gauge head.

Fig. 5 is another embodiment of apparatus of the present invention.In the present embodiment under its sedimentation detection means the basic structure of tube connector be identical with the embodiment that Fig. 1 provides.But in straight tube, be not provided in the present embodiment colluding the boss of hanging the dip stick probe part, but be provided for the fixedly device 12 of lining rope.One end of lining rope 15 is fixed on 12, and the other end is fixed on the weight 14 after walking around the fixed pulley 13 that is fixed in the final stage tube connector, also is provided with position indicating mechanism on lining rope.Adopt this structure to realize also should in the lining rope system, recording mechanism being set when sedimentation measures in good time, make device of the present invention have the function of auto-measuring.

If in the embodiment that Fig. 1 or Fig. 4 provide, on boss 7, fix a little mirror, promptly can be the another kind of embodiment of apparatus of the present invention, when measuring, shine on the set small mirror with laser beam, utilization can be realized laser ranging by the laser that specularly reflected is returned, and obtains more accurate certainty of measurement.

Fig. 6 is an embodiment of the used deep sedimentation detection means of the present invention, and 30 is deep sedimentation detection means among the figure.As seen from the figure, sedimentation detection means in deep is to be made of in straight measuring staff 26 on the base plate 25 and the cup 28 that is fixed on the straight measuring staff 26 base plate 25, vertical fixing.On the inwall of cup 28, be fixed with and be used for fixing measurement mechanism mechanism 29.Straight in this embodiment measuring staff 26 is that its outer screwed pipe of two sections constitutes, and with a pipe collar 27 that has internal thread the straight measuring staff of two sections is combined as a whole.The straight measuring staff that adopts the multistage pipe to be connected to form Len req can satisfy the demand of the straight measuring staff of different occasion needs different lengths.Can certainly be with the straight-bar of an appropriate length or straight tube as measuring staff.

Fig. 7 surveys chi for the used special use of the present invention, and it is formed by common invar tape transformation.Concrete way is the gauge head 11 that the chi end of existing tape measure is added an inverted T-shaped, makes the upper surface of the horizontal end of inverted T-shaped of gauge head 11 simultaneously, just the datum of the position of index 17 indications for measuring among Fig. 7.Because the gauge head of this survey chi chi end is a weight, can guarantee to survey chi and can send to, and the horizontal end of T shape can makes it collude comparatively easily to be hung on the boss of being located in the sedimentation detection means straight tube, to realize metrology operation to the deep of measuring passage.

Below be the example that the present invention is used for the filling body that is made of three layers of detection layers, the sectional drawing of its filling body inside is referring to Fig. 8.Wherein: first detection layers is the improvement soil layer, and second detection layers is common soil layer, and the 3rd detection layers is a layer of gravel.23 for being located at first shallow layer settling detection means on the ground top layer among Fig. 6,21 for being located at the first order shallow layer settling detection means on first detection layers, 19 for being located at the second level shallow layer settling detection means on second detection layers, 24 for being located at the third level shallow layer settling detection means that belongs to final stage on the 3rd detection layers, 22 for connecting first tube connector of first and second sedimentation detection means, 20 for connecting second tube connector of first and second grade sedimentation detection means, and 18 for connecting the 3rd tube connector of second level shallow layer settling detection means 19 and the 3rd shallow layer settling detection means 24.30 is deep sedimentation detection means, and 28 is the cup on 30, and 32 is the hole of offering on the ground, and 31 is the flexible support device, the 35th, and the pillar of flexible support device, 33 is the sand of pillar 35 and 32 fillings of ground datum hole, 34 is the gravity compensation thing.

The invention provides one and the example of deep and shallow layer settling checkout gear is set the time with construction, the base plate diameter of deep sedimentation detection means is greater than the external diameter of pipe of flexible support device in this example, and the straight tube external diameter of used shallow layer settling detection means is less than the tube connector internal diameter.

The first step: design

Bury underground before the installation, should determine the physical dimension of each sedimentation detection means according to situations such as burial place, roadbed height, be provided with the position and between distance, calculate and determine the length of required tube connector, and each sedimentation detection means, tube connector bury elevation underground.

Second step: location

Determine burial place according to designing requirement, before each parts of device are buried underground and after burying underground, burial place is accurately located with total powerstation.

The 3rd step: the burying underground of deep settlement detecting device and ground top layer shallow layer settling detection means

After leveling, roller compaction processes are finished at the bottom of the base, ground, draw a slightly larger in diameter in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means plate diameter in the foundation surface precalculated position, dark top to the dull and stereotyped height for the shallow layer settling detection means of hole is added 15 centimetres.After hold successfully in the hole, earlier fill the fine sand levelling at the bottom of the hole, deep sedimentation detection means base plate is placed on the fine sand at the bottom of the hole again, the flexible support device is enclosed within outside the detection means of deep again, the lower end of flexible support device is to be positioned on the deep sedimentation detection means base plate.On the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means, be provided for the balance weight body of gravity compensation.Pipe cap on flexible support device upper end cover is then used sandfilling between the inwall with the outer wall of flexible support device and hole.Note, should be at this with sandfilling, so just can overcome between the outer wall of flexible support device and hole wall and produce negative friction influence measurement settlement measurement.Then take out pipe cap, the lower end of first shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the hole, and the straight tube lower end of this shallow layer settling detection means is placed in the flexible support device.Pipe cap is placed on the last pipe end of shallow layer settling detection means, is backfilled to the ground basal plane with original soil, and compacting, this deep settlement detecting device is buried underground and is finished, referring to Figure 10,11,12.

The 4th step: the burying underground of first order shallow layer settling checkout gear

On ground, fill first detection layers to design height, and press the construction requirement compacted fill by the requirement of filling body normal construction.Then on first detection layers surface along detect the downward cutting depth of vertical line to the pipe cap place, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of tube connector external diameter, through hole pipe cap is taken out, again a tube connector is inserted in the hole, and being matched with the upper end of shallow layer settling detection means in the lower end of this tube connector, the degree of depth of its cooperation depends on the construction technology design.Pipe cap on the tube connector upper end cover, around tube connector, be backfilled to the first detection layers design height again by the construction requirement earthing, the outer backfill of compacting tube connector, dig straight tube top to the dull and stereotyped height that a degree of depth equals the shallow layer settling detection means downwards and add 15 centimetres along detecting vertical line on first detection layers surface again, diameter is a bit larger tham the hole of the dull and stereotyped external diameter of shallow layer settling detection means, again at the bottom of the hole downward cutting depth to the tube connector pipe cap place of being buried (in fact will dig slightly more deeply), diameter is a bit larger tham the hole of shallow layer settling detection means straight tube external diameter (more accurate saying should be to be slightly larger than institute's pipe laying cap external diameter), takes out the pipe cap of being buried underground through hole.Again first order shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the hole, and matched with the upper end of tube connector in its lower end.And then on first order shallow layer settling detection means, add filler to the detection layers design height of filling out first detection layers, and tamp.

By designing requirement construction, on first detection layers, fill out the filler of second detection layers and compacting to the design height of second detection layers, be slightly larger than the tube connector external diameter on second detection layers surface along detecting the downward digging diameter of vertical line, the degree of depth reaches the hole at institute pipe laying cap place.Take out pipe cap earlier, again first tube connector is inserted in the hole, and matched with the straight tube upper end of the shallow layer settling detection means of having buried underground in the lower end of tube connector.Pipe cap on the tube connector top end cover is also tamped with the filler of filling out second detection layers in the hole then again.So far the first shallow layer settling checkout gear is buried underground and is finished, referring to Figure 14,15.

The 5th step: afterwards level shallow layer settling checkout gear buries underground

On second detection layers surface along detect vertical line downwards excavation one degree of depth straight tube top to the dull and stereotyped height that equals the shallow layer settling detection means add the hole that 15 centimetres, diameter are a bit larger tham the dull and stereotyped external diameter of shallow layer settling detection means, tube connector pipe cap place, the diameter that downward cutting depth is extremely buried at the bottom of the hole is a bit larger tham the hole of shallow layer settling detection means straight tube external diameter again, takes out the pipe cap of being buried underground through hole.Again second level shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the hole, and matched with the upper end of tube connector in its lower end.And then on the shallow layer settling detection means of the second level, add the design height of filler to the second detection layers of filling out second detection layers and compacting.

By designing requirement construction, on second detection layers, fill out the filler of the 3rd detection layers and compacting to the design height of the 3rd detection layers, be slightly larger than the tube connector external diameter on the 3rd detection layers surface along detecting the downward digging diameter of vertical line, the degree of depth reaches the hole at institute pipe laying cap place.Take out pipe cap earlier, again second tube connector is inserted in the hole, and matched with the straight tube upper end of the shallow layer settling detection means of having buried underground in the lower end of tube connector.Pipe cap on the tube connector top end cover again, the filler of backfill second detection layers and compacting in the hole then.So far the second shallow layer settling checkout gear is buried underground and is finished.

According to the requirement of detection design, can repeat above operation in the position that requires detection as stated above, with the installation of other shallow layer settling checkout gears of level after finishing, referring to Figure 16.

Advance also can adopt and dig a less hole earlier being engaged in the above technology of burying underground, again the aperture is expanded a mode and carry out the situation as shown in Figure 10 to 16 than macropore.For example, when first order shallow layer settling checkout gear is set, earlier on first detection layers surface along detect vertical line dig downwards a degree of depth to pipe cap, slightly larger in diameter in the hole of tube connector external diameter, again orifice diameter is expanded hole to the dull and stereotyped external diameter that is a bit larger tham the shallow layer settling detection means, the degree of depth of institute's reaming is that flat board to the height of straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means adds 15 centimetres, take out pipe cap again, carry out follow-up operation, its effect also is identical.

Only need behind the worker, to detect each detection layers sedimentation of artificial filling body, can only in each artificial filling body, bury the shallow layer settling checkout gear underground simultaneously in construction, and not bury the deep settlement detecting device underground.Its concrete way can be buried underground with reference to aforesaid mode.The lower end that should be noted that first shallow layer settling detection means here is to be placed in the hole of opening at the ground place.

For burying the deep detection means underground in the artificial filling body of having finished and the shallow layer settling checkout gear can be buried a deep detection means underground in ground, near the top layer of artificial filling body, only bury a shallow layer settling detection means underground in addition.Its concrete method of burying underground is: elder generation's cutting depth on artificial filling body equals the shallow layer settling detection means degree of depth is set, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means plate diameter, the hole that is a bit larger tham the diameter of diameter maximum in the settlement detecting device member of deep again at digging diameter at the bottom of the hole, the hole bottom charges into the sand levelling, the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means is placed on the sand at the bottom of the hole, again the deep detection means is placed in the flexible support device, and the pillar upper end that makes the flexible support device is near the hole step that last layer filling body opened, on the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means, be provided for the balance weight body of gravity compensation, pipe cap on the pillar upper end cover of flexible support device, between the inwall of the outer wall of pillar and hole, tamp again with flexible material, the shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the hole, match with the straight tube lower end of shallow layer settling detection means in the upper end of pillar, flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means is positioned on the step plane of perforate formation, pipe cap on shallow layer settling detection means upper pipes flap, again the shallow layer settling detection means is backfilled to filling body original height and compacting, keep the deep settlement detecting device in the whole construction, the axis of shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector is vertical with horizontal plane, shallow layer settling detection means straight tube pipe end is determined by technology with the degree of depth that cooperates between pillar, and should guarantee to make and leave the gap that is not less than the theoretical maximum settlement amount of corresponding backfill layer between flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means and flexible support device, in burying process underground, use the total powerstation track and localization, detect utensil with deep sedimentation detection means, shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector insert also along being connected to the face of land, referring to Fig. 9.

After aforesaid mode is provided with deep sedimentation detection means and shallow layer settling checkout gear, set sedimentation detection means can capture the distortion of foundation soil body, and the shallow layer settling detection means in the shallow layer settling checkout gear can be synchronized with the movement with its set soil body, reflects the sedimentation variable quantity of respective detection layer.When detecting, admeasuring apparatus can be introduced wherein measurement, as the situation of Fig. 4 by the measurement passage that forms by the shallow layer settling checkout gear; Perhaps directly read the scale on the survey chi that is fixed on each shallow layer settling detection means; Perhaps utilize the lining rope measuring mechanism to measure; Perhaps will measure laser and introduce the measurement passage that forms by the shallow layer settling checkout gear,, obtain measurement parameter, finally obtain the parameter that filling body and foundation settlement change by being located at set primary reflecting mirror on each shallow layer settling detection means.

Claims (16)

1, the observation procedure of artificial filling body sedimentation, the position that needing to it is characterized in that carrying out settlement observation in artificial filling body is buried underground in each detection layers by shallow layer settling detection means that has hollow tubular structure and shallow layer settling checkout gear that tube connector constitutes along same vertical line, upper end in the shallow layer settling detection means on the most close filling body top layer is provided with the tube connector that is connected cooperation with it, and the upper end of this root tube connector is concordant with the filling body top layer at least, cooperating should make between tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means between each tube connector and the shallow layer settling detection means is free to slide along the vertical line direction mutually, being embedded in shallow layer settling detection means in the filling body and tube connector produces synchronization position with the sedimentation of the filling body soil body and changes, measuring appliance or measuring media are introduced in the measurement passage that is formed by shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector, measure the change in location of shallow layer settling detection means, the throughput location can be determined the settling amount of each detection layers in the elevation of the tube connector upper end of surface layer again.

2, the observation procedure of artificial filling body and foundation settlement thereof, it is characterized in that the position that in artificial filling body, needs to carry out settlement observation, along same vertical line the deep settlement detecting device that is made of deep sedimentation detection means and flexible support device is set at the ground place, in artificial filling body, be provided with by shallow layer settling detection means that has hollow tubular structure and shallow layer settling checkout gear that tube connector is formed, deep sedimentation detection means wherein is the structure of the straight measuring staff of vertical fixing on a base plate, the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means is positioned in the hole of opening in the ground place, the flexible support device is placed in outside the deep sedimentation detection means, pillar upper end in the flexible support device is matched with the lower end of the shallow layer settling detection means that is adjacent, upper end in the shallow layer settling detection means on the most close filling body top layer is provided with the tube connector that is connected cooperation with it, and the upper end of this root tube connector is concordant with the filling body top layer at least, cooperating should make between tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means between each tube connector and the shallow layer settling detection means is free to slide along the vertical line direction mutually, the deep detection means that is arranged in the ground can produce synchronous sedimentation with the motion of ground, being embedded in shallow layer settling detection means in the filling body and tube connector produces synchronization position with the sedimentation of the filling body soil body and changes, measuring appliance or measuring media are introduced in the measurement passage that is formed by sedimentation detection means and tube connector, the measuring stick upper end that measurement is positioned at deep sedimentation detection means can obtain the sedimentation situation of change of ground, measure the change in location of shallow layer settling detection means, the throughput location can be determined the settling amount of ground and each detection layers in the elevation of the tube connector upper end of surface layer again.

3, be used to realize the deep settlement detecting device of described artificial filling body of claim 2 and foundation settlement observation procedure thereof, it is characterized in that the deep settlement detecting device is made of deep sedimentation detection means and flexible support device, deep sedimentation detection means wherein is the straight measuring staff of vertical fixing on a base plate, whole member is the member in a T type cross section, flexible support device of the present invention by pillar and filling the flexible packing material between pillar and hole wall form, pillar wherein is the straight tube that flexible material is made, and flexible packing material is husky.

4, be used to realize the deep settlement detecting device of described artificial filling body of claim 2 and foundation settlement observation procedure thereof, it is characterized in that the deep settlement detecting device is made of deep sedimentation detection means and flexible support device, deep sedimentation detection means wherein is the straight measuring staff of vertical fixing on the base plate, upper end at straight measuring staff is fixed with a cup, the area of base plate equals the cross-sectional area of cup at least, go to the bottom and the upper end of straight measuring staff of cup are fixed, the device that is fixed with device that measuring appliance is set on the inwall of cup or can acts on mutually with measuring media, the internal diameter of the shallow layer settling detection means hollow tube that the external diameter of cup should match with it matches, so that both when cooperating cup relatively the shallow layer settling detection means do vertical slide displacement, flexible support device of the present invention by pillar and filling the flexible packing material between pillar and hole wall form, pillar wherein is the straight tube that flexible material is made, and flexible packing material is husky.

5,, it is characterized in that the straight measuring staff of sedimentation detection means is made up of at least two sections each screwed straight-bars of its end that is separated from each other and the pipe collar that has internal thread that is used for two sections straight-bars connect according to the deep settlement detecting device of claim 3 or 4 described artificial filling bodies and foundation settlement observation procedure thereof.

6,, it is characterized in that the pillar of flexible support device adopts the PVC material to make according to the deep settlement detecting device flexible support device of claim 3 or 4 described artificial filling bodies and foundation settlement observation procedure thereof.

7, be used to realize the shallow layer settling checkout gear of claim 1 or 2 described artificial filling body settlement observation methods, it is characterized in that this device is made of shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector, wherein: the shallow layer settling detection means is by straight-run of pipe, be arranged at the device of the fixation measuring utensil in the straight tube or the device that can act on mutually with measuring media, and fixing stiffener plate constitutes on the straight tube outer wall, the dull and stereotyped plate face on the shallow layer settling detection means and the axis normal of straight tube, and dull and stereotyped plate face area is equal to or greater than 2 times of the straight tube cross-sectional area, and the length of straight tube equals detected shelf theory maximum settlement amount and slab-thickness sum at least; Tube connector is a straight tube, and length of tube equals difference that detected layer thickness deducts detected shelf theory maximum settlement amount and deducts at least 3 centimetres poor again; And have between the straight tube caliber of the caliber of tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means can guarantee tube connector and shallow layer settling detection means be connected the back both can be along the gap that tube connector axially is free to slide mutually.

8, shallow layer settling checkout gear according to claim 7, it is characterized in that flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means be fixed in length of straight pipe 1/2nd to the distance between a pipe end of distance straight tube be arbitrary position between 1/2nd places of detected layer maximum settlement amount, on two pipe end outer walls of straight tube, be fixed with sealing ring, and the external diameter of sealing ring can be matched with the internal diameter of tube connector, so that both can be along tubular axis to being free to slide mutually behind the straight tube pipe end insertion tube connector.

9,, it is characterized in that being provided with in the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means and be used to collude the boss of hanging the dip stick probe part according to claim 7 or 8 described arbitrary shallow layer settling checkout gears.

10,, it is characterized in that being provided with the fixedly device of measuring staff in the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means according to claim 7 or 8 described arbitrary shallow layer settling checkout gears.

11, according to claim 7 or 8 described arbitrary shallow layer settling checkout gears, it is characterized in that being provided with in the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means the device of fixation measuring rope one end, measure and be fixed with weight after the other end of restricting is walked around the fixed pulley that is fixed in ground, on lining rope, be provided with position indicating mechanism.

12,, but it is characterized in that being provided with in the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means the reverberation of reflector laser according to claim 7 or 8 described arbitrary shallow layer settling checkout gears.

13, bury the method for shallow layer settling checkout gear when realizing the described observation procedure of claim 1 underground, it is characterized in that elder generation opens a degree of depth is placed the shallow layer settling detection means to designing requirement the degree of depth downwards in the position that ground need be provided with observation device, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means plate diameter, levelling at the bottom of the hole, the length of straight pipe of excavation one degree of depth shallow layer settling detection means of being a bit larger tham downwards in hole bottom again, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means straight tube external diameter, the shallow layer settling detection means is laid in the hole of holding successfully steadily, and the flat board of shallow layer settling detection means is positioned on the step of institute's hole-opening.Pipe cap on shallow layer settling detection means straight tube upper end cover, the backfill original soil is to foundation surface and compacting then, fill out first detection layers by the design and construction requirement again, after having filled the artificial filling body of first detection layers, dig a degree of depth downwards to pipe cap on first detection layers surface along detecting vertical line, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of tube connector, in hole, take out pipe cap, the lower end of inserting tube connector again and make tube connector in the hole cooperates with the upper end socket of shallow layer settling detection means in being embedded in ground, add a cover pipe cap in the tube connector upper end, again that the space backfill around the tube connector is closely knit, the tube connector dull and stereotyped external diameter that is a bit larger tham the shallow layer settling detection means with top soil body reaming to diameter suitable for reading, take out pipe cap, first order shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the cavity, flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means is placed on the step plane of hole upper limb, pipe cap enters straight tube to prevent filler on the upper end cover of the straight tube of first order shallow layer settling detection means then, earthing landfill on the shallow layer settling detection means afterwards, design height by the filling body of filling body requirement normal construction to the first detection layers, the filling body of inserting second detection layers again is to design height, dig diameter downwards along the detection vertical line then and be a bit larger tham the hole of tube connector external diameter to the pipe cap place, take out pipe cap, insert first tube connector in the hole and the lower end of tube connector is cooperated with the upper end socket of first order shallow layer settling detection means, add a cover pipe cap in first tube connector upper end, again that the space backfill around the tube connector is closely knit, the tube connector dull and stereotyped external diameter that is a bit larger tham the shallow layer settling detection means with top soil body reaming to diameter suitable for reading, take out pipe cap, second level shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the cavity, matched with the upper end of first tube connector in straight tube lower end on the second shallow layer settling detection means, the flat board of the second sedimentation detection means places on the step plane of hole upper limb, pipe cap enters straight tube to prevent filler on the upper end cover of the straight tube of second level shallow layer settling detection means then, afterwards earthing landfill on the shallow layer settling detection means; Repeat above operation, shallow layer settling detection means at different levels and tube connector are embedded in the precalculated position respectively, and make on the final stage tube connector that is matched with final stage shallow layer settling detection means upper end pipe end concordant with the packing course top layer at least, the axis of the straight tube of maintenance shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector is vertical with horizontal plane in the whole construction, the pipe end of each shallow layer settling detection means straight tube is determined by technology with the degree of depth that cooperates between tube connector, and the pipe end that should guarantee to make flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector leaves the gap that is not less than the theoretical maximum settlement amount 1/2nd of corresponding backfill layer, in burying process underground, use the total powerstation track and localization, detect utensil and insert with shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector and the suitable face of land that is connected to.

14, bury the method for deep detection means and shallow layer settling checkout gear when realizing the described observation procedure of claim 2 underground, earlier on ground, open a degree of depth downwards before it is characterized in that filling to designing requirement, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means plate diameter, the design of being a bit larger tham in hole bottom downward excavation one degree of depth is provided with deep settlement detecting device concentration again, the hole of slightly larger in diameter diameter of diameter maximum in the checkout gear member of deep, charge into the sand levelling in the hole bottom, the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means is placed on the sand at the bottom of the hole, pillar is placed in outside the detection means of deep again, on the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means, be provided for the balance weight body of gravity compensation, pipe cap on the pillar upper end cover, use the flexible material filling between inwall with the outer wall of pillar and hole, take out pipe cap, the lower end of a shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the hole, matched with the pillar upper end in the straight tube lower end of this shallow layer settling detection means, the flat board of shallow layer settling detection means is positioned on the step of ground reaming formation, pipe cap enters straight tube to prevent to banket on the upper end cover of the straight tube of shallow layer settling detection means then, the backfill original soil is to foundation surface on the shallow layer settling detection means, on ground, fill first detection layers to design height by the requirement of filling body normal construction, and press the construction requirement compacted fill, detect the downward cutting depth of vertical line to the pipe cap place on edge, first detection layers surface, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of tube connector external diameter, one tube connector is inserted in the hole, and matched in the lower end of this tube connector with the upper end of shallow layer settling detection means, pipe cap on the tube connector upper end cover, again that the space backfill around the tube connector is closely knit, the tube connector dull and stereotyped external diameter that is a bit larger tham the shallow layer settling detection means with top soil body reaming to diameter suitable for reading, take out the pipe cap of tube connector upper end, first order shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the cavity, matched with the upper end of tube connector in straight tube lower end on the first order shallow layer settling detection means, the flat board of first order sedimentation detection means places on the step plane of hole upper limb, pipe cap enters straight tube to prevent filler on the upper end cover of the straight tube of first order shallow layer settling detection means then, earthing landfill on the shallow layer settling detection means afterwards, and by establishing worker's requirement compacted fill, the filling body of inserting second detection layers again is to design height, dig diameter downwards along the detection vertical line then and be a bit larger tham the hole of tube connector external diameter to the pipe cap place, take out pipe cap, insert first tube connector in the hole and the lower end of tube connector is cooperated with the upper end socket of first order shallow layer settling detection means, add a cover pipe cap in first tube connector upper end, again that the space backfill around first tube connector is closely knit, the first tube connector dull and stereotyped external diameter that is a bit larger tham the shallow layer settling detection means with top soil body reaming to diameter suitable for reading, take out pipe cap, second level shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the cavity, matched with the upper end of first tube connector in straight tube lower end on the shallow layer settling detection means of the second level, the flat board of second level sedimentation detection means places on the step plane of hole upper limb, pipe cap enters straight tube to prevent filler on the upper end cover of the straight tube of second level shallow layer settling detection means then, afterwards earthing landfill on the shallow layer settling detection means; Repeat above operation, shallow layer settling detection means at different levels and tube connector are embedded in the precalculated position respectively, and make on the final stage tube connector that is matched with final stage shallow layer settling detection means upper end pipe end concordant with the packing course top layer at least, the axis of the straight tube of maintenance shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector is vertical with horizontal plane in the whole construction, the pipe end of each shallow layer settling detection means straight tube is determined by technology with the degree of depth that cooperates between tube connector, and the pipe end that should guarantee to make flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector leaves the gap that is not less than the theoretical maximum settlement amount 1/2nd of corresponding backfill layer, in burying process underground, use the total powerstation track and localization, detect utensil with the deep settlement detecting device, shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector insert and the suitable face of land that is connected to.

15, bury the method for deep detection means and shallow layer settling checkout gear when in completed artificial filling body, realizing the described observation procedure of claim 2 underground, it is characterized in that elder generation's cutting depth on artificial filling body equals the shallow layer settling detection means degree of depth is set, slightly larger in diameter is in the hole of shallow layer settling detection means plate diameter, the hole that is a bit larger tham the diameter of diameter maximum in the settlement detecting device member of deep again at digging diameter at the bottom of the hole, the hole bottom charges into the sand levelling, the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means is placed on the sand at the bottom of the hole, again the deep detection means is placed in the flexible support device, the upper end of flexible support device is near the hole step that last layer filling body opened, on the base plate of deep sedimentation detection means, be provided for the balance weight body of gravity compensation, pipe cap on flexible support device upper end cover, between the inwall of the outer wall of pillar and hole, tamp again with flexible material, the shallow layer settling detection means is inserted in the hole, match with the straight tube lower end of shallow layer settling detection means in the upper end of pillar, flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means is positioned on the step plane of perforate formation, pipe cap on shallow layer settling detection means upper pipes flap, again the shallow layer settling detection means is backfilled to filling body original height and compacting, and make on the final stage tube connector that is matched with final stage shallow layer settling detection means upper end pipe end concordant with the packing course top layer at least, keep the deep settlement detecting device in the whole construction, the axis of shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector is vertical with horizontal plane, shallow layer settling detection means straight tube pipe end is determined by technology with the degree of depth that cooperates between pillar, and should guarantee to make and leave the gap that is not less than the theoretical maximum settlement amount of corresponding backfill layer between flat board on the shallow layer settling detection means and flexible support device, in burying process underground, use the total powerstation track and localization, detect utensil with deep sedimentation detection means, shallow layer settling detection means and tube connector insert and the suitable face of land that is connected to.

16, the survey chi that is used with the described device of claim 3 to 12 is characterized in that the gauge head of the T type that is provided with at the chi end of an invar tape, and the horizontal end upper surface and the soffit of T shape gauge head are the measuring basis face.

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