CN103422487B - Method for measuring settlement deformation by utilizing inclinometer and angle-adjustable converter - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于高填方沉降变形的测量技术领域;所要解决的技术问题是提供一种适用于单临空面高填方地基水平面中的V形线路、利用测绳通过角度可调转化器带动测斜仪移动测量沉降变形的方法;采用的技术方案是:利用测斜仪通过角度可调转化器测量沉降变形的方法,安装在测绳上的测斜仪通过角度可调转化器在沉降管中移动来测量单临空面的高填方地基的沉降变形;测量方法包括如下步骤:第一步,选定基准点和观测断面,第二步,埋设沉降管和角度可调转化器,第三步,观测记录初始数据,第四步,测量断面出口点沉降后标高,第五步,测斜仪调零,第六步,沉降变形测量,第七步,资料整理分析;本发明主要用于单临空面高填方地基的沉降变形测量。
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement of high fill settlement deformation; the technical problem to be solved is to provide a V-shaped line suitable for the horizontal plane of high fill foundation with a single air surface, and use a measuring rope to drive the measurement through an angle-adjustable converter. The method for measuring settlement deformation by moving the inclinometer; the adopted technical scheme is: the method of measuring the settlement deformation by using the inclinometer through the angle-adjustable converter, and the inclinometer installed on the measuring rope moves in the settlement tube through the angle-adjustable converter To measure the settlement deformation of the high fill foundation with a single free surface; the measurement method includes the following steps: the first step, select the reference point and observe the section, the second step, bury the settlement tube and the angle-adjustable converter, the third step , observe and record the initial data, the fourth step is to measure the elevation of the exit point of the section after settlement, the fifth step is to adjust the inclinometer to zero, the sixth step is to measure the settlement deformation, the seventh step is to organize and analyze the data; the present invention is mainly used for single Settlement deformation measurement of high fill foundation on free face.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明利用测斜仪通过角度可调转化器测量沉降变形的方法,属于高填方沉降变形的测量技术领域,特别涉及一种单临空面高填方地基水平面中V形线路沉降变形的测量。 The present invention uses an inclinometer to measure settlement deformation through an angle-adjustable converter, which belongs to the technical field of high fill settlement deformation measurement, and in particular relates to the measurement of settlement deformation of a V-shaped line in the horizontal plane of a high fill foundation with a single empty surface .
背景技术 Background technique
随着我国基本建设规模的扩大,建设用地日趋紧张,对土地利用的要求越来越高。近年来为了避免与良田争地,许多城市提出了“工业出城、项目上山”的发展战略,大量的工业厂房、电厂、堆场等工程建设将位于山区丘陵地带,这就使得工程中出现较多的深挖高填。目前,高填方地基填筑体多采用分层回填土,分层压实或夯实的处理方式。对于高填方工程中所产生的沉降量的控制显得尤为重要。 With the expansion of our country's capital construction scale, the construction land is becoming more and more scarce, and the requirements for land use are getting higher and higher. In recent years, in order to avoid competing for land with fertile land, many cities have proposed the development strategy of "industry out of the city and projects up the mountain". Deep digging and high filling. At present, the filling body of high fill foundation adopts layered backfilling, layered compaction or tamping. It is particularly important to control the settlement generated in high fill engineering.
现有测量沉降变形的方法中绝大部分采用竖直方向进行离散孔位的测量,该方法不仅在沉降孔的预留及保护的过程中对施工造成不便,而且所测得的数据仅是几个离散的孔位,不能完全代表某个断面的沉降值。 Most of the existing methods for measuring settlement deformation use the vertical direction to measure discrete hole positions. This method not only causes inconvenience to the construction during the process of reservation and protection of settlement holes, but also the measured data is only a few A discrete hole position cannot fully represent the settlement value of a certain section.
而对于目前沿水平方向利用测斜仪进行直线沉降观测的方法只能适用于具有双临空面的高填方工程。很显然对于只有一个临空面的高填方工程现有的测量方法显得很局限。 However, the current method of linear settlement observation using an inclinometer along the horizontal direction can only be applied to high filling projects with double empty faces. Obviously, the existing measurement methods for high fill works with only one free face are very limited.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明克服现有技术存在的不足,所要解决的技术问题是提供一种适用于单临空面高填方地基水平面中的V形线路、利用测绳通过角度可调转化器带动测斜仪移动测量沉降变形的方法,测量范围广,使用方便精确。 The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved is to provide a V-shaped line suitable for the horizontal plane of the high filling foundation with a single air surface, and use the measuring rope to drive the inclinometer to move through the angle-adjustable converter. The method for measuring settlement deformation has a wide measuring range and is convenient and accurate to use.
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:利用测斜仪通过角度可调转化器测量沉降变形的方法,安装在测绳上的测斜仪通过角度可调转化器在沉降管中移动来测量单临空面的高填方地基的沉降变形; In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the method of measuring the settlement deformation by using the inclinometer through the angle-adjustable converter, and the inclinometer installed on the measuring rope moves in the settlement tube through the angle-adjustable converter To measure the settlement deformation of the high fill foundation with a single free surface;
角度可调转化器的结构为:包括三棱柱框架、多角度可调滑轮组、接头管和覆盖板,多角度可调滑轮组安装在三棱柱框架的内部,三棱柱框架的一个侧棱上设有导向调节槽柱,多角度可调滑轮组的底部套装在导向调节槽柱内,且导向调节槽柱上设有多个调节孔并通过定位螺丝与多角度可调滑轮组紧固固定,三棱柱框架上与设有导向调节槽柱的侧棱相对应的两个矩形的侧面框架上分别铰接有一个接头管,所述的三棱柱框架的外表面均安装有覆盖板且安装有接头管的两个侧面框架上留有供接头管旋转的旋转间隙,所述多角度可调滑轮组的结构为:T形杆的竖杆套装在导向调节槽柱内,T形杆的横杆两个端部分别与一个连接杆的一端铰接,每个连接杆的另一端均安装有一个滑轮; The structure of the adjustable angle converter is as follows: it includes a triangular prism frame, a multi-angle adjustable pulley block, a joint pipe and a cover plate. The multi-angle adjustable pulley block is installed inside the triangular prism frame, and a guide is provided on one side edge The bottom of the multi-angle adjustable pulley block is set in the guide adjustment slot column, and the guide adjustment slot column is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes, which are fastened and fixed by positioning screws and the multi-angle adjustable pulley block. The triangular prism frame and A joint pipe is respectively hinged on two rectangular side frames corresponding to the side edges of the guide adjustment groove column, and the outer surface of the triangular prism frame is equipped with a cover plate and two side frames with joint pipes There is a rotation gap for the rotation of the joint pipe. The structure of the multi-angle adjustable pulley block is: the vertical bar of the T-shaped bar is set in the guide adjustment groove column, and the two ends of the horizontal bar of the T-shaped bar are respectively connected to a The rods are hinged at one end and each connecting rod is fitted with a pulley at the other end;
测量方法包括如下步骤: The measurement method includes the following steps:
第一步,选定基准点和观测断面,在稳定地段设基准点,根据现场工程实际要求及地形条件,选取具有代表性的观测断面作为沉降管和角度可调转化器的埋设位置,形成V形测量线路; The first step is to select the reference point and observation section, and set the reference point in a stable area. According to the actual requirements of the site engineering and terrain conditions, select a representative observation section as the buried position of the settlement tube and the angle-adjustable converter, forming a V shape measuring circuit;
第二步,埋设沉降管和角度可调转化器,在第一步选定的观测断面上按工程需要的夹角铺设两个沉降管,沉降管伸出观测断面0.5-1m,根据所述夹角调整角度可调转化器内两个滑轮的位置以及两个接头管的旋转角度,并将调整好的角度可调转化器放置在两根沉降管的交接点位置,每个沉降管分别与一个接头管连通,两根沉降管中放置一根测绳且测绳穿过角度可调转化器中的两个接头管和两个滑轮,测绳的两端分别穿过两个沉降管伸出观测断面; The second step is to bury the settling tube and the angle-adjustable converter. On the observation section selected in the first step, two settling tubes are laid according to the angle required by the project. The settling tube protrudes from the observation section by 0.5-1m. Adjust the position of the two pulleys in the angle-adjustable converter and the rotation angles of the two joint pipes, and place the adjusted angle-adjustable converter at the intersection point of the two settling tubes. Each settling tube is connected to a The joint pipe is connected, and a measuring rope is placed in the two settling pipes, and the measuring rope passes through the two joint pipes and two pulleys in the angle-adjustable converter, and the two ends of the measuring rope pass through the two settling pipes to extend out for observation Section;
第三步,观测记录初始数据,在沉降管中每间隔0.5m或1m设置一个观测点,用标高测量仪器参照基准点测定出两个沉降管的断面出口点的标高及埋设方向并记录; The third step is to observe and record the initial data. Set up an observation point every 0.5m or 1m in the settling tube, and measure and record the elevation and embedding direction of the section outlet points of the two settling tubes with reference to the reference point with the elevation measuring instrument;
第四步,测量断面出口点沉降后标高,在高填方地基上填压一层土并经过一段时间沉降后,用标高测量仪器参照基准点观测两个沉降管的断面出口点沉降后的标高并记录; The fourth step is to measure the elevation of the exit point of the section after settlement. After filling a layer of soil on the high fill foundation and settling for a period of time, use the elevation measuring instrument to observe the elevation of the exit point of the section of the two settlement pipes after settlement with reference to the reference point and record;
第五步,测斜仪调零,在其中一个沉降管中的测绳上连接测斜仪,测斜仪的电缆与指示器连接,并将测斜仪在沉降管的管口处校正并调零; The fifth step is to adjust the inclinometer to zero, connect the inclinometer to the measuring rope in one of the settlement tubes, connect the cable of the inclinometer to the indicator, and calibrate and adjust the inclinometer at the nozzle of the settlement tube. zero;
第六步,沉降变形测量,拉动未安装测斜仪的测绳一端,带动另一个沉降管中的测斜仪移动,在每个观测点读取测斜仪的反映数据,并进行记录; The sixth step is the measurement of settlement deformation. Pull one end of the measuring rope without the inclinometer installed, drive the inclinometer in the other settlement tube to move, read the reflected data of the inclinometer at each observation point, and record it;
第七步,资料整理分析。 The seventh step is data collation and analysis.
所述的第六步中,测斜仪在一个沉降管中移动并测量结束后,将测斜仪放置入另一个沉降管中重复第五步和第六步进行测量记录。 In the sixth step, after the inclinometer moves in one settling tube and the measurement is completed, the inclinometer is placed in another settling tube and the fifth and sixth steps are repeated to record the measurement.
所述的第六步中在观测点测量时,拉动测绳带动测斜仪在一个沉降管中多个观测点来回往返多次测量,并记录各观测点反映数据。 In the sixth step, when measuring at the observation point, the measuring rope is pulled to drive the inclinometer to make multiple measurements back and forth at multiple observation points in one settling tube, and record the reflected data of each observation point.
所述的第五步中测斜仪调零前,先把测头导轮对准垂直导槽放在相应沉降管中3-5分钟。 Before zeroing the inclinometer in the fifth step, align the probe guide wheel with the vertical guide groove and place it in the corresponding settling tube for 3-5 minutes.
所述的第二步中埋设沉降管时逐节对口连成一根,每节沉降管套入连接管长度的一半,检查各节管连接良好后才能铺设。 In the second step, when the settling pipes are buried, they are connected joint by joint, and each joint is inserted into half of the length of the connecting pipe, and it can only be laid after checking that the joints are well connected.
所述第二步埋设好沉降管后,在断面出口点位置挖槽,并在沉降管的端部用混凝土浇筑检查井。 In the second step, after the settling tube is buried, a groove is dug at the exit point of the section, and an inspection well is poured with concrete at the end of the settling tube.
所述第三步和第四步测量断面出口点标高的标高测量仪器为水准仪,或为全站仪。 The altitude measuring instrument for measuring the elevation of the exit point of the section in the third and fourth steps is a level or a total station.
本发明同现有技术相比具有以下有益效果。 Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.
1、本发明通过在两个沉降管之间安装一个角度可调转化器,解决单临空面高填方地基测量沉降变形时测斜仪在沉降管中的移动问题,两根沉降管和角度可调转化器形成一个有一定角度的V形线路,通过拉伸测绳牵引测斜仪在沉降管中移动并进行测量记录,最终得到特定观测点的沉降值,使用方便,测量成本低,且不会对高填方地基本身造成影响。 1. The present invention solves the problem of movement of the inclinometer in the settling tube when measuring the settlement deformation of the high filling foundation with a single face by installing an angle-adjustable converter between the two settling tubes. The two settling tubes and the angle The adjustable converter forms a V-shaped line with a certain angle, and the inclinometer is moved in the settlement tube through the tensile measuring rope and the measurement is recorded, and finally the settlement value of the specific observation point is obtained, which is convenient to use, low in measurement cost, and does not require It will affect the high fill foundation itself.
2、本发明由于角度可调转化器的角度可调节性,调节角度为0°-180°,使测绳两端所成夹角适用于两个沉降管所形成的V形线路的夹角范围为0°-180°,可用于各种单临空面高填方地基的沉降变形测量,适用范围广。 2. Due to the angle adjustability of the angle adjustable converter in the present invention, the adjustment angle is 0°-180°, so that the angle formed by the two ends of the measuring rope is suitable for the angle range of the V-shaped line formed by the two settling tubes It is 0°-180°, and it can be used for the settlement deformation measurement of various high fill foundations with single air surface, and has a wide range of applications.
3、本发明中埋设沉降管时逐节对口连成一根,每节沉降管套入连接管长度的一半,检查各节管连接良好后才能铺设,可防止泥沙从连接管段进入沉降管内而使测量结果形成偏差。 3. In the present invention, when the settling pipes are buried, they are connected one by one, and each settling pipe is inserted into half of the length of the connecting pipe. It can be laid after checking that the joints are well connected, which can prevent the sediment from entering the settling pipe from the connecting pipe section and causing the The measurement results are biased.
4、本发明中测斜仪调零时,先把测头导轮对准垂直导槽放在相应沉降管中3-5分钟,可使测头与地下温度平衡,保证测量准确性。 4. When zeroing the inclinometer in the present invention, first align the probe guide wheel with the vertical guide groove and place it in the corresponding settling tube for 3-5 minutes to balance the probe with the underground temperature and ensure measurement accuracy.
5、本发明在沉降变形测量时拉动测绳带动测斜仪在一个沉降管中来回往返多次测量,使各观测点的测量数据更加准确。 5. The present invention pulls the measuring rope to drive the inclinometer to go back and forth in a settling tube for multiple measurements during the measurement of settlement deformation, so that the measurement data of each observation point is more accurate.
6、本发明中测斜仪在一个沉降管中移动并测量结束后,将测斜仪放置入另一个沉降管中进行测量记录,实现了一个观测断面V形线路的同时测量,成本低廉,使用方便,省时省力。 6. In the present invention, the inclinometer moves in one settling tube and after the measurement is completed, the inclinometer is placed in another settling tube for measurement and recording, which realizes the simultaneous measurement of a V-shaped line in an observation section, which is low in cost and easy to use ,save time and energy.
7、本发明在埋设好沉降管后,在断面出口点位置挖槽,并在沉降管的端部用混凝土浇筑检查井,保护沉降管,避免高填方地基填土沉降期间沉降管损坏。 7. In the present invention, after the settlement pipe is buried, a groove is dug at the exit point of the section, and an inspection well is poured with concrete at the end of the settlement pipe to protect the settlement pipe and avoid damage to the settlement pipe during the settlement of the high fill foundation.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
图1为本发明在高填方地基观测断面上的沉降管和角度可调转化器平面布置示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the settling tube and the angle-adjustable converter of the present invention on the observation section of the high fill foundation.
图2为本发明中沉降变形后沉降管和角度可调转化器的沉降状态示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the settlement state of the settling tube and the angle-adjustable converter after settling deformation in the present invention.
图3为本发明中以标高测量仪器参照基准点测量沉降前后断面出口点标高的布置示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the elevation of the outlet point of the cross section before and after subsidence measured with the reference point of the elevation measuring instrument in the present invention.
图4为本发明中角度可调转化器的结构示意图。 Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle-adjustable converter in the present invention.
图5为本发明在单临空面高填方地基一个观测断面上的多个位置安装沉降管和角度可调转化器的结构示意图。 Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention installing settling pipes and angle-adjustable converters at multiple positions on an observation section of a high fill foundation with a single air surface.
图中:1为三棱柱框架,2为多角度可调滑轮组,3为接头管,4为测绳,5为导向调节槽柱,6为沉降管,7为角度可调转化器,8为高填方地基,9为测斜仪,10为标高测量仪器,11为基准点,12为临空面。 In the figure: 1 is a triangular prism frame, 2 is a multi-angle adjustable pulley block, 3 is a joint pipe, 4 is a measuring rope, 5 is a guide adjustment groove column, 6 is a settling tube, 7 is an angle adjustable converter, 8 is a height Filling foundation, 9 is an inclinometer, 10 is an elevation measuring instrument, 11 is a reference point, and 12 is an empty surface.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明利用测斜仪通过角度可调转化器测量沉降变形的方法,安装在测绳4上的测斜仪9通过角度可调转化器7在沉降管6中移动来测量单临空面的高填方地基8的沉降变形; The present invention uses an inclinometer to measure settlement deformation through an angle-adjustable converter. The inclinometer 9 installed on the measuring rope 4 moves in the settlement tube 6 through the angle-adjustable converter 7 to measure the high filling of the single air surface. Settlement deformation of square foundation 8;
如图4所示,角度可调转化器7的结构为:包括三棱柱框架1、多角度可调滑轮组2、接头管3和覆盖板,多角度可调滑轮组2安装在三棱柱框架1的内部,三棱柱框架1的一个侧棱上设有导向调节槽柱5,多角度可调滑轮组2的底部套装在导向调节槽柱5内,且导向调节槽柱5上设有多个调节孔并通过定位螺丝与多角度可调滑轮组2紧固固定,三棱柱框架1上与设有导向调节槽柱5的侧棱相对应的两个矩形的侧面框架上分别铰接有一个接头管3,所述的三棱柱框架1的外表面均安装有覆盖板且安装有接头管3的两个侧面框架上留有供接头管3旋转的旋转间隙,所述多角度可调滑轮组2的结构为:T形杆的竖杆套装在导向调节槽柱5内,T形杆的横杆两个端部分别与一个连接杆的一端铰接,每个连接杆的另一端均安装有一个滑轮; As shown in Figure 4, the structure of the angle adjustable converter 7 is: comprising a triangular prism frame 1, a multi-angle adjustable pulley block 2, a joint pipe 3 and a cover plate, and the multi-angle adjustable pulley block 2 is installed inside the triangular prism frame 1 , a side edge of the triangular prism frame 1 is provided with a guide adjustment groove column 5, the bottom of the multi-angle adjustable pulley block 2 is set in the guide adjustment groove column 5, and the guide adjustment groove column 5 is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes and passed through The positioning screw is fastened and fixed to the multi-angle adjustable pulley block 2. On the triangular prism frame 1, a joint pipe 3 is respectively hinged on the two rectangular side frames corresponding to the side edges provided with the guide adjustment groove column 5. The outer surface of the triangular prism frame 1 is equipped with a cover plate and the two side frames on which the joint pipe 3 is installed leave a rotation gap for the joint pipe 3 to rotate. The structure of the multi-angle adjustable pulley block 2 is: T-shaped bar The vertical bar is set in the guide adjustment groove column 5, and the two ends of the cross bar of the T-shaped bar are respectively hinged with one end of a connecting rod, and a pulley is installed at the other end of each connecting rod;
测量方法包括如下步骤: The measurement method includes the following steps:
第一步,选定基准点和观测断面,如图3所示,在稳定地段设基准点,根据现场工程实际要求及地形条件,选取具有代表性的观测断面作为沉降管6和角度可调转化器7的埋设位置,形成V形测量线路; The first step is to select the reference point and observation section, as shown in Figure 3, set the reference point in a stable area, and select a representative observation section as the settlement tube 6 and the angle-adjustable transformation according to the actual requirements of the site engineering and terrain conditions. The embedding position of the device 7 forms a V-shaped measurement line;
第二步,埋设沉降管6和角度可调转化器7,如图1所示,在第一步选定的观测断面上按工程需要的夹角铺设两个沉降管6,沉降管6伸出观测断面0.5-1m,根据所述夹角调整角度可调转化器7内两个滑轮的位置以及两个接头管3的旋转角度,并将调整好的角度可调转化器7放置在两根沉降管6的交接点位置,每个沉降管6分别与一个接头管3连通,两根沉降管6中放置一根测绳4且测绳4穿过角度可调转化器7中的两个接头管3和两个滑轮,测绳4的两端分别穿过两个沉降管6伸出观测断面; The second step is to bury the settling tube 6 and the angle-adjustable converter 7. As shown in Figure 1, two settling tubes 6 are laid on the observation section selected in the first step according to the angle required by the project, and the settling tube 6 protrudes Observe the section of 0.5-1m, adjust the positions of the two pulleys in the angle-adjustable converter 7 and the rotation angles of the two joint pipes 3 according to the included angle, and place the adjusted angle-adjustable converter 7 on the two subsidence The position of the junction point of the tubes 6, each settling tube 6 communicates with a joint pipe 3 respectively, a measuring rope 4 is placed in the two settling tubes 6 and the measuring rope 4 passes through the two joint pipes in the angle-adjustable converter 7 3 and two pulleys, the two ends of the measuring rope 4 respectively pass through the two settling tubes 6 and stretch out the observation section;
第三步,观测记录初始数据,在沉降管6中每间隔0.5m或1m设置一个观测点,用标高测量仪器10参照基准点测定出两个沉降管6的断面出口点的标高及埋设方向并记录, The 3rd step, observe and record the initial data, set an observation point every interval of 0.5m or 1m in the settling tube 6, measure the elevation and the embedding direction of the section outlet points of the two settling tubes 6 with reference to the datum point with the elevation measuring instrument 10 and Record,
第四步,测量断面出口点沉降后标高,在高填方地基上填压一层土并经过一段时间沉降后,用标高测量仪器10参照基准点观测两个沉降管6的断面出口点沉降后的标高并记录; The fourth step is to measure the elevation of the exit point of the cross section after settlement. After filling a layer of soil on the high fill foundation and settling for a period of time, use the elevation measuring instrument 10 to observe the cross section exit point of the two settlement pipes 6 after the settlement of the reference point. the elevation and record it;
第五步,测斜仪调零,在其中一个沉降管6中的测绳4上连接测斜仪9,测斜仪9的电缆与指示器连接,并将测斜仪9在沉降管6的管口处校正并调零; In the fifth step, the inclinometer is zeroed, and the inclinometer 9 is connected to the measuring rope 4 in one of the settlement tubes 6. The cable of the inclinometer 9 is connected to the indicator, and the inclinometer 9 is connected to the settling tube 6. Calibrate and zero at the nozzle;
第六步,沉降变形测量,拉动未安装测斜仪9的测绳4一端,带动另一个沉降管6中的测斜仪9移动,在每个观测点读取测斜仪9的反映数据,并进行记录; The sixth step, settlement deformation measurement, pulls one end of the measuring rope 4 that is not installed with the inclinometer 9, drives the inclinometer 9 in the other settlement tube 6 to move, and reads the reflected data of the inclinometer 9 at each observation point, and record it;
第七步,资料整理分析。 The seventh step is data collation and analysis.
所述的第六步中,测斜仪9在一个沉降管6中移动并测量结束后,将测斜仪9放置入另一个沉降管中重复第五步和第六步进行测量记录,实现了一个观测断面V形线路的同时测量,成本低廉,使用方便,省时省力。 In the sixth step, after the inclinometer 9 moves in a settling tube 6 and the measurement is finished, the inclinometer 9 is placed in another settling tube and the fifth and sixth steps are repeated to measure and record, realizing a Simultaneous measurement of the V-shaped line of the observation section, low cost, easy to use, time-saving and labor-saving.
所述的第六步中在观测点测量时,拉动测绳4带动测斜仪9在一个沉降管6中多个观测点来回往返多次测量,并记录各观测点反映数据,使各观测点的测量数据更加精确。 In the sixth step described in the observation point measurement, pull the measuring rope 4 to drive the inclinometer 9 to measure multiple observation points back and forth in a settling tube 6, and record the reflection data of each observation point, so that each observation point The measurement data is more accurate.
所述的第五步中测斜仪调零前,先把测头导轮对准垂直导槽放在相应沉降管6中3-5分钟,可使测头与地下温度平衡,保证测量准确性。 Before zeroing the inclinometer in the fifth step, align the probe guide wheel with the vertical guide groove and place it in the corresponding settling tube 6 for 3-5 minutes to balance the probe with the underground temperature and ensure measurement accuracy .
所述的第二步中埋设沉降管6时逐节对口连成一根,每节沉降管套入连接管长度的一半,检查各节管连接良好后才能铺设,可防止泥沙从连接管段进入沉降管6内而使测量结果形成偏差。 In the second step, when the settling pipes 6 are buried, they are connected one by one, and each settling pipe is inserted into half of the length of the connecting pipe. After checking that the joints are well connected, they can be laid to prevent sediment from entering the settlement from the connecting pipe sections. In the tube 6, the measurement results will be biased.
所述第二步埋设好沉降管后,在断面出口点位置挖槽,并在沉降管6的端部用混凝土浇筑检查井。 After the settling tube is buried in the second step, a groove is dug at the exit point of the section, and an inspection well is poured with concrete at the end of the settling tube 6 .
所述第三步和第四步测量断面出口点标高的标高测量仪器10为水准仪,或为全站仪。 The elevation measuring instrument 10 used to measure the elevation of the exit point of the section in the third and fourth steps is a level or a total station.
如图3所示,以标高测量仪器10参照基准点测量沉降前后断面出口点标高,标高测量仪器10以预先选定的基准点11为参照,分别测量高填方地基8的临空面12上的断面出口点沉降前A点标高和沉降后A'的标高。 As shown in Figure 3, the altitude of the exit point of the section before and after settlement is measured with reference to the reference point of the elevation measuring instrument 10. The elevation of point A before settlement and the elevation of A' after settlement of the exit point of the section.
测斜仪9为现有仪器,广泛适用于测量土石坝、面板坝、岩体边坡、土建基坑、路基等结构物的垂直位移,测斜仪9配合沉降管6可反复使用。 The inclinometer 9 is an existing instrument, which is widely used in measuring the vertical displacement of structures such as earth-rock dams, face dams, rock mass slopes, civil foundation pits, roadbeds, etc. The inclinometer 9 can be used repeatedly in conjunction with the settlement pipe 6.
角度可调转化器7中两个滑轮和两个接头管3的位置调整,使测绳4两端所成夹角适用于两个沉降管6所形成的V形线路的夹角范围为0°-180°,适用于单临空面高填方地基水平面中两个沉降管所形成的V形线路沉降变形的测量。 The position of the two pulleys and the two joint pipes 3 in the angle-adjustable converter 7 is adjusted so that the angle formed by the two ends of the measuring rope 4 is suitable for the V-shaped line formed by the two settling pipes 6. The angle range is 0° -180°, suitable for the measurement of the settlement deformation of the V-shaped line formed by two settlement tubes in the horizontal plane of the high fill foundation with a single air surface.
由于本发明中所使用的沉降管6和角度可调转化器7的成本较低,可在每层填土中需检测的位置均埋设角度可调转化器7和两个沉降管6,针对各层填土不同位置的沉降变形分别进行测量,对研究土体的整体沉降具有很大的参考价值。 Because the cost of the settling tube 6 and the adjustable angle converter 7 used in the present invention is relatively low, the adjustable angle converter 7 and two settling tubes 6 can be buried in the position to be detected in each layer of fill, for each The settlement and deformation of different positions of the layer fill are measured separately, which has great reference value for the study of the overall settlement of the soil.
如图5所示为多个角度可调转化器7和沉降管6在单临空面的高填方地基8一个观测断面不同位置以不同角度埋设的状态示意图。 As shown in FIG. 5 , it is a schematic diagram of a state where multiple angle-adjustable converters 7 and settling pipes 6 are buried at different angles at different positions on an observation section of a high fill foundation 8 with a single free surface.
计算原理: Calculation principle:
如图2所示,在高填方施工的过程中,土是分层碾压回填的,高填方地基回填压实后,断面出口点A沉降至A',其中一个观测点B沉降至B',根据所述第三步中得到的断面出口点A的标高以及第四步所得沉降后的A'标高,推导出断面出口点A的沉降量ΔA; As shown in Figure 2, in the process of high fill construction, the soil is layered and rolled and backfilled. After the high fill foundation is backfilled and compacted, the exit point A of the section settles to A', and one of the observation points B settles to B ', according to the elevation of the cross-section outlet point A obtained in the third step and the A' elevation after the settlement obtained in the fourth step, deduce the settlement ΔA of the cross-section outlet point A;
所述第六步通过测斜仪9反映数据推导出沉降后B'相对于A'的高度差hA-B; In the sixth step, the height difference h AB of B' relative to A' after settlement is derived from the data reflected by the inclinometer 9;
则B点相对于此回填层的沉降值ΔB的计算公式如下: Then the calculation formula of the settlement value Δ B of point B relative to this backfill layer is as follows:
ΔB=ΔA+ hA-B。 Δ B = Δ A + h AB .
由于测斜仪9的自重比较小,因此由它自身重力所引起的竖直位移相对于总的沉降管6的位移很小,所以测斜仪9因自身重力所引起的竖向位移可以忽略不计。 Since the self-weight of the inclinometer 9 is relatively small, the vertical displacement caused by its own gravity relative to the displacement of the total settlement tube 6 is very small, so the vertical displacement caused by the inclinometer 9 due to its own gravity can be ignored .
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CN101319894A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2008-12-10 | 上海交通大学 | Test method for ground subsidence caused by excavation of underground space |
CN101575861A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2009-11-11 | 上海市第二市政工程有限公司 | Method for monitoring the settlement by using inclinometer tube |
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