CN101012785A - Air supplemental heat transfer engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an air storing and heat exchanging engine, mainly comprising hot air cylinder, heater, air storing room I, compressor and air storing room II. The compressor is connected with the cooling system. When the engine works, the high-temperature heat source transfers heat to the air in inner cavity of heater pipes and on the cover of heat cylinder there is a microcomputer control valve mechanism. The theoretical cycle of engine comprises two equal temperature processes, two equal cubage processes and a moving process. In the moving process energies can not be exchanged in system and the work that the outside puts to system is zero. So the cycling efficiency is equal to carnot cycle efficiency. Compared with the linkage-crank internal combustion engine the open engine, which works in the cycle, can save energy by more than 10%. Compared with prior stirling engine the transmission structure of closed engine is simple.

Description

Air supplemental heat transfer engine

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of motor, especially theoretical thermal efficiency equals the air storing type heat exchange cycle engine of Carnot's cycle efficiency.

Background technique

Internal-combustion engine is widely used in machinery or the Transport Machinery that various needs move.The theoretical circulation efficient of existing internal-combustion engine all is lower than Carnot's cycle efficiency, also have present internal-combustion engine mainly to adopt connecting rod crank mechanism that piston mobile is converted to rotation, there are very big problems such as sliding friction loss in this reciprocating mechanism, so efficient has only 30%～40%.In recent years both at home and abroad all at the no connecting rod crank of research mechanism motor, as microcomputer control tooth bar motor, 0410022121.2, engine with rolling screw, ZL01214405.3, ZL02221857.2 all exist theoretical thermal efficiency to be lower than problems such as Carnot's cycle efficiency, fail to obtain to break through.

Heat engine have another name called Stirling-electric hybrid (calorifics/Li Hongfang writes .-2 editions .-Beijing: Higher Education Publishing House, 2001, the § of this book has introduced contrary Stirling circulation for 3.11 li), be a kind of external combustion enclosed backheat cycle engine, it has characteristics such as high efficiency, low noise, low pollution and multipotency source adaptability.Because world petroleum resource is shortage day by day, strong day by day to requirement on environmental protection, each state all attaches great importance to the developmental research to heat engine.

The research of heat engine has the history in 150 years, but still can not be applied to the occasion of high-power output.The continuous motion of reciprocating part (and the ideal movements of piston is discontinuous fluid), the increase of the finiteness of non-isothermal compression and inflation process, cooler and heater heat exchange, exhaust loss, additional volume and gas flow loss etc. all are the main causes that causes most of heat engine failures.

(1) when Re＜2000, fluid is laminar flow in pipe, and the basin is the laminar region; (2) fluid generally is turbulent flow in pipe when Re＞4000, and the main flow zone is a turbulent area; (3) when 2000＜Re＜4000, fluid is in transient state, may be that laminar flow also may be turbulent flow or both alternately appearance, decide on the ambient conditions influence, this be transition zone (fluid mechanics and heat transfer/Zou Huasheng, Zhong Li, Wu Qin chief editor .-Guangzhou: publishing house of South China Science ﹠ Engineering University, 2004.8, the 22nd page).

At length introduced the heat transfer by convection situation when fluid does not have phase transformation on the 158th～162 page of this book.Introduce the contact of industrial process cold fluid and hot fluid on the 136th page and carried out the heat transfer situation, heat transfer mode and heat transmission equipment.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of air supplemental heat transfer engine is provided, this motor can be the internal combustion open type, it also can be outer heating enclosed, therefore the theoretical circulation efficient of its motor equals Carnot's cycle efficiency, and the internal combustion open type motor of the present invention theoretical thermal efficiency that can solve existing internal-combustion engine is lower than Carnot's cycle efficiency.The ideal movements of engine piston is continuous motion in addition, and the ideal movements that outer heating enclosed motor therefore of the present invention can solve piston in the existing heat engine is the technical problem that discontinuous fluid brought.

Air supplemental heat transfer engine mainly is made up of hot cylinder, heat exchanger, gas storage chamber I, gas compressor, gas storage chamber II and transmission case.Described gas compressor links to each other with cooling system, promptly at cool condition lower compression gas.Hot cylinder covers has arranged the microcomputer control distribution device.High temperature heat source is to the working gas heat release of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber during engine operation.Working gas flows between hot cylinder, heat exchanger, gas storage chamber I, gas compressor and gas storage chamber II by pipeline.Transmission case is mainly power transmission, and its transmission principle is identical with the transmission principle of microcomputer control tooth bar motor transmission case.

As improvement of the present invention, described motor is worked simultaneously by two systems: first system is made up of hot chamber I, heat exchanger I, gas storage chamber I, gas compressor and gas storage chamber II, and second system is made up of hot chamber II, heat exchanger II, gas storage chamber I, gas compressor and gas storage chamber II.

Motor of the present invention can be: the internal combustion open type, heat open type outward, and heat enclosed outward.Gas storage chamber II is an atmosphere in the open cycle of motor, and high temperature heat source is the heat that burning produced of fuel in the firing chamber in the internal combustion open cycle.The theoretical circulation of described motor is made up of two isothermal processs, two isochoric processes and a moving process, and is identical with the theoretical circulation of double cylinder engine.The theoretical circulation of air supplemental heat transfer engine is to set up on the basis of the theoretical circulation of double cylinder engine, and its cycle efficiency is to release according to the theoretical circulation of double cylinder engine.Fig. 1 is the cyclic process figure of double cylinder engine, and motor mainly is made up of hot cylinder 1, heat exchanger 5 and cold cylinder 9.Suction valve 3 and outlet valve 4 have been arranged on the cylinder cap of hot cylinder.Cold cylinder covers has arranged breather cheek valve 7 and one-way exhaust valve 8, and cold cylinder links to each other with cooling system.High temperature heat source is to the gas heat release of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber during engine operation, and its piston 2 and piston 10 are synchronized with the movement.The theoretical circulation of motor is as follows:

(1) isothermal expansion of a～b1): piston 2 is from top dead center l ₁Move to a l ₂Process, suction valve 3 is opened, outlet valve 4 is closed, the gas of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber 5 absorbs heat from high temperature heat source, simultaneously isothermal expansion pours in the hot cylinder by pipeline and suction valve 3, promotes piston 2 external works done.The heat that system absorbs from high temperature heat source in the inferior process $Q_{}$ ${}_1={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_{1}1n\frac{V_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}$

2) isothermal compression: piston 10 is from lower dead center l ₄Move to a l ₅Process, breather cheek valve 7 and one-way exhaust valve 8 are all closed, up along with piston 10, the gas in the cold cylinder is by isothermal compression.System is to the low-temperature heat source heat release in this process $Q_{}$ ${}_2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_{2}1n\frac{V_3}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_4}$

(2) b～c moving process: piston 2 is from a l ₂Move to lower dead center l ₃, piston 10 is from a l ₅Move to top dead center l ₆Process, next gas that begins cold cylinder constantly that the pressure of hot cylinder and cold air gas in the jar equates is washed one-way exhaust valve 8 open, after this pours Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber 5 by pipeline, former tube cavity gas is poured 1 li of hot cylinder.The heating of high temperature heat source stops in the inferior process.

Illustrate: 1. the pressure of hot cylinder and cold air gas in the jar equates in time process, and the heating of high temperature heat source stops, and the work done of therefore outer bound pair system is zero; 2. hypothesis: the gas of cold cylinder pours in the process of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber 5 from the heat absorption of high temperature tube wall, i.e. internal system exchange energy not in time process.

(3) c～a1) heat release such as body such as grade: piston 2 is from lower dead center l ₃Move to top dead center l ₁, piston 10 is from top dead center l ₆Move to lower dead center l ₄Process, suction valve 3 cuts out, outlet valve 4 is opened, the gas of hot cylinder enters Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger exocoel 6, towards the heat release of tube cavity gas through outlet valve 4, one side is washed breather cheek valve 7 open and is entered in the cold cylinder 9.The gas heat release Q of hot cylinder in this process ₃=C _v(T ₁-T ₂)

Body heat absorption such as 2): the gas of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber 5 is from 6 li mobile hot gas heat absorptions of pipe exocoel in this process

Q ₄＝C _v(T ₁-T ₂)

In theory, hot cylinder gas liberated heat equals the heat of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber GAS ABSORPTION, so cycle efficiency

$\mathrm{\&eta;}=1-\frac{Q_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Q"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_1}=1-\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_{2}1n\frac{V_3}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_4}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_{1}1n\frac{V_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}}$ Here V ₁=V ₄Be the capacity of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber, the capacity V of hot cylinder ₂Equal the capacity V of cold cylinder ₃, i.e. V ₂=V ₃So $\mathrm{\&eta;}=1-\frac{T_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="T"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_1}$

The cyclic process of on P-V figure, representing as shown in figure 14, a～b and c～d are two isothermal processs among the figure; D～a and b～c are two isochoric processes, working gas no change in the moving process, so this process of not drawing among the P-V figure.The pressure of b point and d point place working gas equates among the figure, so this circulation is a Stirling circuit special case.As can be seen from the figure

$\begin{array}{c}{P}_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1=P_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2={\mathrm{vRT}}_1\\ P_3{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2=P_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_2\end{array}\&DoubleRightArrow;\begin{array}{c}{P}_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2={\mathrm{vRT}}_1\\ P_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_2\end{array}\&DoubleRightArrow;\frac{V_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}=\frac{T_1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_2}$

Promptly

The reciprocating mechanism inertia of double cylinder engine is bigger, and the inertia loss is bigger, and the to-and-fro motion of its hot cylinder inner carrier 2 is necessary.But it is unnecessary that the to-and-fro motion that utilizes piston 10 in the cold cylinder comes compression work gas.The present invention has removed cold cylinder, replaces cold cylinder with gas compressor, gas storage chamber I and gas storage chamber II.Gai Zhuan motor is an air supplemental heat transfer engine like this, its structure as shown in Figure 2, the theoretical circulation of motor is as follows:

(1) a～b isothermal expansion: piston 2 is top dead center l from figure ₁Move to a l ₂Process, suction valve 3 is opened, outlet valve 4 is closed, Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber gas absorbs heat from high temperature heat source, simultaneously isothermal expansion promotes piston 2 external works done in suction valve 3 is rushed in hot cylinder 1.

(2) b～c moving process: piston 2 is from a l ₂Move to lower dead center l ₃Process, next that the pressure of gas equates in hot cylinder 1 and the gas storage chamber I begins the portion gas (v measures gas) of gas storage chamber I constantly and washes one-way exhaust valve 12 open, pour Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber 5 by pipeline simultaneously, the gas of former Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber 5 is poured in the hot cylinder 1.The heating of high temperature heat source stops in this process.

(3) c～a1) heat release such as body such as grade: piston 2 is from lower dead center l ₃Move to top dead center l ₁Process, suction valve 3 cuts out, outlet valve 4 is opened, the gas of hot cylinder 1 enters Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger exocoel 6 through outlet valve 4, enters gas storage chamber II (gas storage chamber II is an atmosphere in the open cycle) after the heat release of tube cavity gas.

Body heat absorption such as 2): the gas of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber 5 is from the GAS ABSORPTION heat of pipe exocoel 6 in this process.

(4) gas compressor constantly sucks gas from gas storage chamber II in whole circulation, compresses into to gas storage chamber I isothermal simultaneously, and the pressure that is assumed to be gas in the gas storage chamber I in the theory circulation is constant.

The working gas of double cylinder engine and air supplemental heat transfer engine is same amount, during with a kind of gas: 1. the workload of the hot cylinder of two motors equates; 2. the cold cylinder of the gas compressor of air supplemental heat transfer engine and double cylinder engine, its workload equates; 3. the workload of the heat exchanger of two motors equates.

Proof: the merit of the external work of the hot cylinder of two motors equates in the 1. a～b process of (1) hot cylinder-double cylinder engine and air supplemental heat transfer engine $W_{}$ ${}_1={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Q"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_1=\mathrm{vRT}1n\frac{V_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1}$ 2. the pressure of the interior gas of the gas storage chamber I of air supplemental heat transfer engine is constant in b～c process, and therefore the merit of the external work of hot cylinder equates in this process of two motors, i.e. W ₂=P ₂LS (P in the formula ₂Be the pressure of gas in the gas storage chamber I, the piston 10 that is double cylinder engine again is at a l ₅The time cold cylinder 9 in the pressure of gases, l is a some l ₂With a l ₃Distance, S is the circular area of piston); 3. c～a process is the exhaust process of two motors, and therefore the workload of two hot cylinders equates.

(2) gas compressor and cold cylinder-gas compressor are the work of cold cylinder to be divided into many fractions finish, and establish: 1. the initial state of cold cylinder suction v amount is (P in c～a process ₃, V ₃, T ₂) gas; 2. shorten (P at a～medium temperature and pressure of b process ₂, V ₄, T ₂), this process China and foreign countries bound pair cold cylinder work done ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_{2}1n\frac{V_3}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_4}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="vRT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">vRT</figure-callout>}}_{2}1n\frac{p_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="p"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_3};$ 3. again pressurized gas is pressed into the Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber in b～c process, extraneous work done W in this process ₄=P ₂(l is a l to lS in the formula ₅With a l ₆Distance).

Now finish the work of above-mentioned cold cylinder with gas compressor, gas compressor rotation back one side sucks compressions such as gas, one side, compresses into to gas storage chamber I simultaneously.

If finish the work of above-mentioned cold cylinder after n the rotation of gas compressor, can measure gas by isothermal compression vi after the rotation each time, compress into to gas storage chamber I simultaneously, therefore $v=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{v}_i,{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_4=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i,$ The work done of outer bound pair gas compressor $W_{}$ ${}_5=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="v\; i\; RT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_i{\mathrm{RT}}_{}{}_{2}1n\frac{P_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_3}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i$ $\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="v\; i\; RT"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_i{\mathrm{RT}}_{}{}_{2}1n\frac{P_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_3}=W_3$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V}_i=P_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_4={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2\mathrm{Sl}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_4$ Be W ₅=W ₃+ W ₄The merit that outer bound pair gas compressor is done equals the merit that outer bound pair cold cylinder is done.Thereby the theoretical circulation efficient that can know air supplemental heat transfer engine equals the two-cylinder type cycle efficiency, promptly $\mathrm{\&eta;}=1-\frac{T_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="T"\; filenames="A20061016752600121.png,A20061016752600131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_1}$

The P-V of engine cycles figure among Figure 14, its circulation can also be carried out counterclockwise, that is to say that this air supplemental heat transfer engine is a kind of reversible heat engine.

In the moving process of actual cycle, the cold air that pours the Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber absorbs heat from tube wall, and is different with situation about supposing in the theoretical circulation, and the heat of absorption is decided by the gas flow kenel.Heat-transfer coefficient is bigger when gas is turbulent flow in pipe, the rapid expansion of gas occurs.Heat-transfer coefficient is less when the gas laminar flow, therefore keeps gas to be laminar flow in pipe as far as possible, and the Re value that promptly keeps gas is less than 2000.

When being laminar flow in high-temperature heat exchange tube, cold air, the temperature of heat exchanging tube is descended at short notice from tube wall absorption portion heat, thus the heat of the hot gas that flows in the absorption tube exocoel effectively.Short (during as the rotation speed n of motor=4000r/min, cycle period T=15ms works as T to the time compole of moving process in addition ₂/ T ₁The time t=1.9ms of=1/4 o'clock moving process), the gas of rushing in tube cavity simultaneously absorbs heat, and one side is gone out the gas of former tube cavity, and piston is not to arrive stop when therefore also not being able to do in time complete expansion in the extremely short time (1.9ms), and promptly moving process finishes.

The hot cylinder of air supplemental heat transfer engine comprises: cylinder block 1, cylinder cap 29 and piston 2, piston 2 adopts "T"-shaped the connection with piston rod 31, the piston rod string is crossed cylinder cap, tooth bar is arranged at the bottom, adopt rolling guide to finish the guiding of tooth bar, and bear warp-wise power, thereby during pistons work, only be subjected to axial force, so piston is designed to dish type by tubular.Finish being connected of piston 2 and piston rod 31 with block 69 and steel loop 70.Two cylinder caps 29,66 are arranged symmetrically in cylinder block 1 upper and lower, have respectively arranged microcomputer control formula distribution device on each cylinder cap.Described microcomputer control distribution device, comprise: housing 33, suction valve 3, outlet valve 4, coil 53 and 57, thermal baffle 54, control panel 58 and computer 59, control panel 58 is arranged in the mechanism upper end, computer 59 and coil 53,57 have been installed in control panel 58 belows, spring 52 and 67, pull bar 55 and 56, electromagnet 51 and 68 have respectively been arranged in two coils, two coil arranged beneath thermal baffle 54, housing is arranged on the cylinder cap, is screwed.

Described suction valve is a sheet, is arranged in cylinder cap top, housing 33 the insides, and the air valve right-hand member links to each other with electromagnet 68 through pull bar 56, and left end is clipped between housing 33 and the cylinder cap.

Described outlet valve is a sheet, is arranged in the cylinder cap below, and right-hand member links to each other with electromagnet 51 through pull bar 55, and left end is clipped between cylinder cap and the cylinder block 1.Between two air valves by housing iron wall at interval.The pull bar string of two air valves is crossed housing 33 and thermal baffle 54, seals herein.Gas outlet 60, import 34 and pipeline and the heat exchanger exchange working gas of distribution device by arranging on the housing 33.

Described heat exchanger is by end socket 15, housing 22 and restrain 5 and form, and the space that end socket 15 belows and tube bank 5 tops are surrounded is firing chamber 17, has arranged electrical fuel injector 19, igniter 18 and tube cavity gas outlet 16 on the end socket 15.Pipe exocoel gas (shell side gas) import 26 and outlet 25 have been arranged on the described housing 22, the iron pan 21 of described tube bank 5 upper ends is clipped between end socket 15 and the housing 22, housing 22 was gone here and there in the tube cavity gas inlet 24 of tube bank lower end, baffle plate 23 has been installed on tube bank top, in case the bending of heat exchanging tube and conversion airflow direction.

The gas outlet of described gas storage chamber I has been installed one-way exhaust valve 12, and other structures are the same with existing gas storage chamber.

Arranged the generator of motor in the described transmission case, the rotor of generator is installed on the transmission shaft.

The technique effect that the present invention produces owing to described motor is significantly, and promptly because the theoretical thermal efficiency of described motor equals Carnot's cycle efficiency, therefore existing connecting rod crank internal-combustion engine of internal combustion open type motor of the present invention can save energy more than 10%.Therefore the driving mechanism that also has described motor is a pinion and rack, and its output gear is directly proportional with the straight line motion of piston, exports that rotational motion is steady, power performance good, noise is little, can improve environment.Because the ideal movements of piston is continuous motion in the motor, the existing heat engine of outer heating enclosed motor therefore of the present invention has greatly been simplified driving mechanism.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the cyclic process figure of double cylinder engine;

Fig. 2 is the air supplemental heat transfer engine schematic representation, shows each parts and the relation of motor of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the elevation cross-sectional view of heat exchanger, shows the heat exchanger that has the firing chamber used in the internal combustion open cycle of motor of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the elevation cross-sectional view (A-A view) of air supplemental heat transfer engine, shows the annexation of the hot cylinder and the transmission case of motor;

Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional view of air supplemental heat transfer engine, shows the structure of transmission case;

Fig. 6 is the C-C sectional view of air supplemental heat transfer engine, shows the structure of microcomputer control formula distribution device;

Fig. 7 is the D-D sectional view of microcomputer control formula distribution device, shows the structure of suction valve;

Fig. 8 is the E-E sectional view of microcomputer control formula distribution device, shows the structure of outlet valve;

Fig. 9 be the F of air supplemental heat transfer engine to figure, show the total arrangement of motor;

Figure 10 is the cooling principle figure of air supplemental heat transfer engine;

Figure 11 is a motor corner distribution diagram;

Figure 12 is an engine ignition control ladder diagram;

Figure 13 is structure of piston figure, shows the situation that is connected of piston and piston rod;

Figure 14 is the P-V figure of motor Ideal Cycle.

Embodiment

At length provided the structure of motor and each parts in Fig. 9 at Fig. 3, hot cylinder 1 is arranged in the top of motor as seen from Figure 4, and hot cylinder 1 is through piston rod 31 transmission case 42 transferring power downwards.

The total arrangement of motor as seen from Figure 9: heat exchanger 61 (heat exchanger I) and heat exchanger 62 (heat exchanger II) are arranged in parallel in the transmission case front upper, gas compressor 14 is arranged in hot cylinder 1 right side, transmission case 42 tops, 43 is storage battery among the figure, water tank 65, water pump 64 are arranged in the rear end of motor, and gas storage chamber 13 (gas storage chamber I) is arranged in the right-hand of motor.Gas storage chamber II (gas storage chamber II is an atmosphere in the open cycle of motor) does not draw among the figure.Introduce the mode of execution of each parts below:

The microcomputer control formula distribution device that hot cylinder covers layout as shown in Figure 6, the structure of suction valve as shown in Figure 7, microcomputer 59 control coils 57 are opened suction valve 3 (right-hand member of sheet air valve 3 leaves valve port) when 1 li of hot cylinder needs air inlet, and gas enters in the hot cylinder by import 34 and valve port.The control lower coil 57 interior electric currents of microcomputer 59 stop in the time of need closing suction valve, and this moment, the bounce-back of spring 67 was pushed the right-hand member of sheet suction valve rapidly through electromagnet 68 and pull bar 56, and blocked valve port.

The structure of outlet valve as shown in Figure 8, microcomputer 59 control coils 53 are opened outlet valve 4 when hot cylinder needs exhaust, the electric current of the control lower coil 53 of microcomputer 59 stops in the time of need closing outlet valve, this moment, spring 52 pulled the right-hand member of outlet valve rapidly through electromagnet 51 and pull bar 55, and blocked valve port.

The heat exchanger that has a firing chamber as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen from the figure, electrical fuel injector 19 sprayed into fuel (as gasoline) to firing chamber 17 when motor was started working, igniter 18 excites igniting simultaneously, the gas that is burning is gone out from tube cavity gas outlet 16.In the moving process of motor, pour in the tube cavity 5 from tube cavity gas inlet 24 low temperature pressurized gass, and (gas of now rushing in absorbs heat from tube wall and then enters in the firing chamber 17 to be laminar flow in pipe, after the air accumulation rushed in tube cavity 5, absorb heat from tube wall simultaneously), former tube cavity gas is poured in the hot cylinder in this process.In the heat transfer process of motor, the hot gas of hot cylinder enters heat exchanger from pipe exocoel gas inlet 26, and one towards the tube wall heat release, and one side is from exporting 25 outflow heat exchangers, and this moment, the gas of tube cavity absorbed heat from tube wall.Among Fig. 3,20 is the steel pad, and 27 for connecting screwed pipe, and 28 is pipeline.

The structure of transmission case as shown in Figure 5, the transmission principle of this transmission case is identical with the transmission principle of microcomputer control tooth bar motor transmission case, mainly is made up of casing 42, main gland 44 and two overdrive clutch systems.The I of overdrive clutch system is made up of axle 36, free wheel device 48 and gear 47.The II of overdrive clutch system is made up of main shaft 39, free wheel device 45 and output gear 46, and axle 36 leads to rotation with main shaft 39 through chain and sprocket wheel.Master gear 38 has been installed at main shaft 39 rear portions, links to each other with the tooth bar of piston rod 31 lower disposed.The linear reciprocating motion of piston rod 31 makes master gear 38 make crankmotion, and master gear 38 drives main shaft 39 and two overdrive clutch systems again, makes output gear 46 do to lead to rotation.Transmission shaft 41 leads to rotation through sprocket wheel and chain and output gear 46, and transmission shaft 41 drives gas compressor 14 and water pump 64 through belt pulley and V band.Signal panel 50 have been arranged at master gear 38 rear portions, and signal panel 50 touch mutually with position transducer 49.The generator 40 of motor is installed in the transmission case, and the rotor arrangements of generator is on transmission shaft 41.

Corner below in conjunction with motor master gear 38 distributes Figure 11 to introduce the internal combustion open cycle of first system of air supplemental heat transfer engine:

(1) a～b burning: microcomputer 59 control coils 53 and coil 57 are opened suction valve 3, are closed outlet valve 4, electrical fuel injector 19 sprays into fuel in the firing chamber 17, igniter 18 is lighted a fire simultaneously, the gas that is burning pours hot chamber I (hot chamber 30) and promotes piston 2, piston 2 drives master gear 38 through piston rod 31 and turns over an angle θ, as 0 °～135 °;

(2) b～c moving process: the firing chamber internal combustion stops, next that the pressure of gas equates in hot chamber I and the gas storage chamber I begins the portion gas of gas storage chamber I constantly and washes Non-return air valve 12 open, pour Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber (comprising the firing chamber) simultaneously, this moment, the gas of former tube cavity was poured hot chamber I.Master gear 38 turns over an angle θ again in this process, as 135 °～180 °;

(3) c～a heat transfer process: microcomputer 59 control coils 53 and coil 57, close suction valve 3, open outlet valve 4, the anti-row of piston 2 beginnings, the interior hot gas of hot chamber I this moment enters heat exchanger I pipe exocoel by outlet valve 4 and pipeline, one towards the tube wall heat release, and one side is discharged in the atmosphere.The gas that pours the Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber in this process is laminar flow in pipe, the temperature that therefore pours the gas of firing chamber 17 is higher than the gas of lower tube inner chamber 5.Master gear 38 oppositely turns over an angle θ in this process, as 180 °～0 °;

(4) gas compressor 14 constantly sucks air in the whole process of circuit in atmosphere, compresses into to gas storage chamber I simultaneously.

Table 1

Work when introducing two systems of motor below in conjunction with table 1, in addition in order to prevent the collision of piston 2 and cylinder cap, and the continuous operation that keeps motor, injection advance angle, ignition advance angle and distribution control advance angle have been proposed here.Described three advance angles equate generally speaking, the distance that refers to piston and cylinder cap is close to some degree (advance angle θ when the stroke that this distance is 2mm, piston is 100mm=3.6 °), be that piston 6 is lighted a fire in the firing chamber during not to desirable stop (the desirable stop of piston is the position of cylinder cap), suction valve 3 also begins to open, the gas that is burning is rushed in the hot cylinder, and piston stopped and beginning reversing motion rapidly under the obstruction of pressurized gas this moment.

The cooling system of motor as shown in figure 10, the low temperature water of water tank 65 enters the air ring of gas compressor 14 by water pump 64, from the gas heat absorption that gas compressor is compressing, temperature raises.After this flow out air ring and enter in the water tank 65 by pipeline again, dispel the heat in the blowing of fan 63, temperature descends gradually, thereby realizes that gas compressor 14 is at cool condition lower compression working gas.

Be the engine cycles block diagram below, now open the suction valve of hot chamber I, close outlet valve, this moment, electrical fuel injector sprayed into fuel to the firing chamber 17 of heat exchanger I, and igniter is lighted a fire simultaneously, and it is descending that the gas that is burning pours hot chamber I promotion piston 2.Treat that intake valve close, the outlet valve of piston 2 hot chamber I when walking to lower dead center open, INO, the exhaust valve closure of hot chamber II of while (hot chamber 32), fuel is in EFI enters the firing chamber of heat exchanger II, this moment, microcomputer excited igniting through igniter, it is up that the gas that is burning pours hot chamber II promotion piston 2, and piston 2 walks to top dead center and begins next circulation.

The circulation block diagram

Figure 15 is the microcomputer control circular chart of motor, as can be seen from the figure piston, suction valve, outlet valve, electrical fuel injector, the mutual action relationships of parts such as igniter, output gear, the action of piston comprises: the power done time AB of motor, traveling time BC, time of return CD.

Figure 15

Be PLC (programmable logic controller (PLC)) control flow chart below, its control ladder diagram is an example with the PLC of the F-40M of Mitsubishi as shown in figure 12.X400 is an enable switch, and M is an auxiliary relay, and T is a timer, and igniter, outlet valve, suction valve, electrical fuel injector are respectively by Y430, Y431, Y432, Y433 representative.After pressing enable switch X400, igniter Y430 and electrical fuel injector Y433 are driven, outlet valve Y431 closes, suction valve Y432 opens, timer T450 starts; After timer T450 regularly finished, electrical fuel injector Y433 closed, and timer T451 starts; After timer T451 regularly finished, air inlet Y432 valve closed, and outlet valve Y431 opens, and timer T452 starts; Timer T452 finishes to begin again next circulation.

The IGNITION CONTROL functional flow diagram of motor

The present invention is except above-mentioned internal combustion open type motor, can be made into outer heating enclosed motor as required, be that motor is under water or when working in the first-class no atmosphere environment of the moon, replace the effect of atmosphere with gas storage chamber II, at this moment the internal combustion type heating is made into external heating type, the described outer Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber that is heated to be heats on heating or the hot cylinder to the pipeline of suction valve, can adopt heat-carrying system (as heat pipe) indirect heating in addition.The heat exchanger that this motor uses is common tubular heat exchanger, and other structures of motor and internal combustion open type motor is the same except gas storage chamber II, heat exchanger, heater.Be the circular chart of working gas between two systems in the outer heating closed cycle of air supplemental heat transfer engine below:

As can be seen from the figure, when work system more for a long time gas storage chamber I and gas storage chamber II can be made into more for a short time, at this moment the power of gas compressor is big more.

Other mechanisms that the present invention comprises can adopt existing techniques in realizing as lubricating structure, administration of power supply etc.

Claims (16)

1. air supplemental heat transfer engine, comprise: the transmission case of hot cylinder, hot cylinder arranged beneath, heat exchanger, gas storage chamber I, gas compressor and gas storage chamber II, it is characterized in that: described gas compressor links to each other with cooling system, hot cylinder covers has arranged the microcomputer control distribution device, working gas flows between hot cylinder, heat exchanger, gas storage chamber II, gas compressor and gas storage chamber I by pipeline during engine operation, and high temperature heat source is to exchanging air tube cavity gas (tube side gas) heat release.

2. motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: motor is worked simultaneously by two work systems, first system is made up of hot chamber I, heat exchanger I, gas storage chamber I, gas compressor and gas storage chamber II, and second system is made up of hot chamber II, heat exchanger II, gas storage chamber I, gas compressor and gas storage chamber II.

3. motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described transmission case is mainly power transmission, and its transmission principle is identical with the transmission principle of microcomputer control tooth bar motor transmission case.

4. motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described gas storage chamber II replaces with atmosphere in the open cycle of motor.

5. motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the heat that burning produced of fuel in the firing chamber (17) of described high temperature heat source above the internal combustion open cycle middle finger Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger inner chamber of motor.

6. motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described microcomputer control distribution device, comprise: housing (33), suction valve (3), outlet valve (4), coil (53) and (57), thermal baffle (54), control panel (58) and computer (59), it is characterized in that: control panel (58) is arranged in the mechanism upper end, computer (59) and two coils (53) have been installed in control panel (58) below, (57), spring (52) and (67) have respectively been arranged in the coil, pull bar (55) and (56), electromagnet (51) and (68), two coil arranged beneath thermal baffle (54), housing (33) is arranged on the cylinder cap (29), is screwed.

7. microcomputer control distribution device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described suction valve (3) is a sheet, be arranged in cylinder cap (29) top, housing (33) the inside, the air valve right-hand member links to each other with electromagnet (68) through pull bar (56), and left end is clipped between housing (33) and the cylinder cap (29).

8. microcomputer control distribution device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described outlet valve is a sheet, is arranged in cylinder cap (29) below, and right-hand member links to each other with electromagnet (51) through pull bar (55), and left end is clipped between cylinder cap (29) and the cylinder block (1).

9. suction valve as claimed in claim 6 and outlet valve is characterized in that: by housing iron wall at interval, the pull bar string of two air valves is crossed housing (33) and thermal baffle (54), seals herein between two air valves.

10. microcomputer control distribution device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: distribution device is gone up gas outlet (60), import (34) and pipeline and the heat exchanger exchanging gas of arranging by housing (33).

11. motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the heat exchanger that is suitable in the internal combustion open type motor is made up of end socket (15), housing (22) and tube bank (5), and the space that end socket (15) below and tube bank (5) top are surrounded is firing chamber (17).

12. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: arranged electrical fuel injector (19), igniter (18) and tube cavity gas outlet (16) on the described end socket (15), pipe exocoel gas (shell side gas) import (26) and outlet (25) have been arranged on the described housing (22), the iron pan (21) of described tube bank (5) upper end is clipped between end socket (15) and the housing (22), housing (22) was gone here and there in the tube cavity gas inlet (24) of tube bank lower end, and baffle plate (23) has been installed on tube bank top.

13. motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the gas outlet of described gas storage chamber I has been installed one-way exhaust valve (12), and other structures are the same with existing gas storage chamber.

14. motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: arranged the generator of motor in the described transmission case, the rotor of generator is installed on the transmission shaft.

15. motor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described hot cylinder through piston (2) and piston rod (31) to the driving mechanism transferring power.

16. piston as claimed in claim 15 and piston rod is characterized in that: piston rod (31) is inserted on the piston (2), fixes with block (69) and steel loop (70).

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