CN101002376A - 低损耗推进系统 - Google Patents

低损耗推进系统 Download PDF

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CN101002376A
CN101002376A CNA2005800180944A CN200580018094A CN101002376A CN 101002376 A CN101002376 A CN 101002376A CN A2005800180944 A CNA2005800180944 A CN A2005800180944A CN 200580018094 A CN200580018094 A CN 200580018094A CN 101002376 A CN101002376 A CN 101002376A
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transformer
power
prime
supply system
rectifier bridge
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CN100492832C (zh
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斯维恩·M·杜菊夫
埃吉尔·希斯塔德
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W & Wartsila Automation Norway
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/26—Power factor control [PFC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters

Abstract

本发明涉及一种低损耗电源系统，包括向电动机输送电流的整流桥(3)，其中该整流桥包括两个AC馈电输入端PA、PB以及至少一个用于向所述电动机M供电的输出端，并且其中，YD变压器(2)被耦合在所述输入端之间，所述YD变压器包括一星形和三角形绕组，被配置为在所述输入端之间提供相对于选中的基频的大约30°相移。

Description

低损耗推进系统
技术领域
本发明涉及低损耗推进系统，包括向电动机输送电流的整流桥和换流器，整流桥包括两个AC馈电输入端以及至少一个用于向所述电动机输送功率的输出端。
背景技术
在向电动机供电时，例如在海上装置中的柴油电动推进系统或管道加热系统中，很常见的是使用通过变压器耦合到三相电源的整流桥耦接，所述变压器提供两个AC电源到整流桥的输入端。但是，该方案存在与产生包括超谐电压的噪声有关的问题，该噪声与穿过变压器绕组的满载电流合在一起，代表了施加在整流桥的现有电路、剩余网络和通过变压器的增大功耗上的应变因素。该问题特别与5次和7次超谐有关。
发明内容
为了消除5次和7次超谐电流，变压器的输出端已被配置为向整流桥提供具有大约30°相移的信号。本发明的目的是提供对该系统的改进。通过低损耗变压器的特殊设计，加上小型滤波器，变压器损耗将大大降低，并且整个电源系统上的总谐波失真将会减少。US5,446,643示出了通过变压器耦合来过滤5次和7次谐波电流的例子。
在US4,498,127中描述了一种变压器耦合被耦合到变频器的方案。该专利涉及12脉冲电源变压器的变体，专用于通过整流桥传输功率的转换器。因此，如果该系统配备一个对称电源，则功率的一次谐波被馈送到穿过整流器前的变压器。本发明的目的是将一次谐波功率从电源直接馈送到变频器。另一个目的是使用配电网中的变压器提供系统中减小的短路电流。
本发明的目的根据权利要求书中描述的方案来实现。
因而，本发明涉及一种推进系统，其中变压器被耦合在所述输入端之间，所述变压器包括(但不限于)星形和三角形绕组，被配置为在所述输入端之间提供相对于选中的基频大约30°的相移。按照这种方式，5次和7次谐波被消除，或者至少在相当大的程度上被抑制。根据一种优选的实施方式，在变压器输入端的馈电是对称的，使得没有任何基频电流穿过变压器。因此，变压器起到了超谐滤波器的作用。
此外，根据本发明的另一种实施方式，本系统的变压器还包括与第一星形绕组分开150°角的第二星形绕组，以便抑制信号的11次和13次谐波。
这样，本发明提供了一种通过降低电网中的短路电平允许更多地使用低压设备的系统。
附图说明
下面参考附图来描述本发明，附图以举例的方式图解本发明。
图1图示了现有技术。
图2图示了本发明。
图3图示了本发明的优选实施方式。
图4图示了对应于本发明的等效电路。
具体实施方式
图1示出了耦合到变压器1的发电机或馈电端P，变压器1用于向整流桥3提供两个输入，而整流桥3例如用于向电动机M供电。如上所述，该方案对于变压器上的损耗以及超谐波是敏感的。
如图2所示，本发明涉及以下方案：AC馈电端PA、PB被输送到整流桥的两个输入端。变压器设在这些输入端之间，具有星形/三角形(YD)绕组结构，优选地是D0Y11结构，提供30°相移。该耦合关系属于现有技术，这里不再描述。
根据IEC向量组D0Y11的特定变压器绕组连接在两个绕组之间总是具有30°相移，这记载在IEC规范IEC 76中。这种30°相移与通常为50Hz或60Hz的基频有关。与三相电压源相连的6脉冲整流器将在加载时向系统中引入谐波电流。该失真中的谐波电流将是Ithd＝6n±1(n＝1，2，3...)。
这些谐波电流分量将具有附加的相移，可被计算为基本相移乘以谐波次数。此外，5次和7次谐波的相角将在相反方向上“旋转”。
已知的事实是，5次和7次谐波分量穿过变压器后将具有180°的总相移。这示出在以下公式中：
5th＝1+5·，＝30°+5·30°＝180°
7th＝1-7·，＝30°-7·30°＝-180°
使用这些结论，可以得到图4中示出的等效电路，用于本发明的系统分析。在图4中，xd”和xd”，将适用以下定义：
IR1＝来自整流器no.1的5次或7次谐波电流
IR2＝来自整流器no.2的5次或7次谐波电流
ZT＝与5次和7次谐波有关的LLC变压器中的短路阻抗
Xd”1＝与5次和7次谐波电流有关的发电机1中的次瞬态(subtransient)电抗
Xd”2＝与5次和7次谐波电流有关的发电机2中的次瞬态电抗
IT＝LLC变压器中的谐波电流
Ig1和Ig2＝发电机中的谐波电流
对等效图中的电流环路使用基尔霍夫定律，将得到以下方程式：
IR1＝IT+Ig1                 1)
IR2＝IT+Ig2                 2)
Xd”1·Ig1-ZTIT+Xd”2＝0    3)
求解这些方程式，将得到以下结果：
I T = Xd 1 ′ ′ · IR 1 + Xd 2 ′ ′ · IR 2 Xd 1 ′ ′ + Xd 2 ′ ′ Z T - - - 4 )
对于一个对称的系统，即在图2和3中的PA和PB是对称的，Xd”1＝Xd”2并且IR1＝IR2，以上方程式可以简化为：
I T = 2 X d 1 ′ ′ · IR 2 X d ′ ′ + Z T - - - 5 )
Ig 1 = Ig 2 = Ig = I R - I T = I R ( 1 - 2 X d ′ ′ 2 Xd ′ ′ + Z T ) - - - 6 )
来自在发电机端子处测得的每个单独分量的电压失真Uthd将等于在发电机中引入的谐波电流乘以次瞬态电抗
U thd = Ig · Xd ′ ′ = I R · X d ′ ′ ( 1 - 2 X d ′ ′ 2 X d ′ ′ + Z T ) - - - 7 )
因此，由于整流桥的输入是并行的，所以没有大量的功率将传过变压器，但是30°相移将滤除因而抑制所施加的电源信号的5次和7次谐波。
因此，在图2中示出的本发明的实施方式将提供一种通过发电机的5次和7次谐波电流减少大约75-85％的解决方案。根据本发明的优选实施方式，馈电端是对称电源，因而没有任何基频(60Hz)电流将流过LLC变压器，只有谐波电流造成的损耗保留着，但它们下降到标称损耗的10-20％。
另外，因5次和7次谐波引起的电压失真减少到小于3％。如果馈电端之一消失，那么大约50％的负载将流过LLC变压器。在非对称的馈电处，将观察到THD的仅仅少量上升。
图3图示了本发明的一种优选实施方式，其中向系统中引入第三绕组，用于抑制11次和13次谐波。变压器因而提供D0/Y11/Y5向量组以及第三绕组相对于主绕组的150°或180°的相移。该方案的原理基本与上述原理相同，这里不再详述。
上述本发明的实施方式是基于使用60Hz，690V馈电的系统的。这些参数在实际使用中的调整对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的，这里不再详细描述。

Claims (4)

1.一种低损耗推进电源系统，包括向电动机输送电流的整流桥，其中该整流桥包括两个AC馈电输入端以及至少一个用于向所述电动机供电的输出端，并且其中，YD变压器被耦合在所述输入端之间，所述YD变压器包括星形和三角形绕组，被配置为在所述输入端之间提供相对于选中的基频的大约30°相移。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源系统，其中，所述AC馈电是对称的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电源系统，其中，所述YD变压器构成D0/Y11向量组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电源系统，其中，所述变压器还包括与第一星形绕组分开150°角的第二星形绕组，因而所述绕组构成D0/Y11/Y5向量组。
CNB2005800180944A 2004-06-04 2005-06-06 推进电源系统 Active CN100492832C (zh)

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NO20042311A NO321428B1 (no) 2004-06-04 2004-06-04 Kraftforsyningssystem
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EP (1) EP1751839B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR101206699B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100492832C (zh)
AT (1) ATE519266T1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0511697B1 (zh)
HR (1) HRP20110731T1 (zh)
NO (1) NO321428B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2355100C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005119892A1 (zh)

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CN103516227A (zh) * 2012-06-19 2014-01-15 Ge能源电力转换技术有限公司 包括具有两次级绕组的两变压器的功率变换系统及驱动系
US8961247B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2015-02-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power supply system for marine drilling vessel

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CN105122571B (zh) * 2013-02-08 2017-12-26 三井造船株式会社 集装箱堆场以及供电方法

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CN102918736A (zh) * 2010-04-09 2013-02-06 西门子公司 船载浮动钻井设施和用于操作船载浮动钻井设施的方法
US8951078B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2015-02-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Onboard floating drilling installation and method for operating an onboard floating drilling installation
US8961247B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2015-02-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power supply system for marine drilling vessel
CN102918736B (zh) * 2010-04-09 2015-07-22 西门子公司 船载浮动钻井设施和用于操作船载浮动钻井设施的方法
CN103516227A (zh) * 2012-06-19 2014-01-15 Ge能源电力转换技术有限公司 包括具有两次级绕组的两变压器的功率变换系统及驱动系
CN103516227B (zh) * 2012-06-19 2020-01-07 Ge能源电力转换技术有限公司 包括具有两次级绕组的两变压器的功率变换系统及驱动系

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EP1751839B1 (en) 2011-08-03
BRPI0511697A (pt) 2008-01-08
WO2005119892A1 (en) 2005-12-15
US20070247878A1 (en) 2007-10-25
BRPI0511697B1 (pt) 2017-05-09
EP1751839A1 (en) 2007-02-14
CN100492832C (zh) 2009-05-27
NO321428B1 (no) 2006-05-08
ATE519266T1 (de) 2011-08-15
RU2355100C2 (ru) 2009-05-10
KR20070024562A (ko) 2007-03-02
US7514898B2 (en) 2009-04-07
NO20042311L (no) 2005-12-05
HRP20110731T1 (hr) 2011-12-31
KR101206699B1 (ko) 2012-11-29
RU2006145657A (ru) 2008-07-20
NO20042311D0 (no) 2004-06-04

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