CN100591955C - Vibration damping member for machine part and method of manufacturing the same, machine part using vibration damping blank material - Google Patents
Vibration damping member for machine part and method of manufacturing the same, machine part using vibration damping blank material Download PDFInfo
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- CN100591955C CN100591955C CN200580029470A CN200580029470A CN100591955C CN 100591955 C CN100591955 C CN 100591955C CN 200580029470 A CN200580029470 A CN 200580029470A CN 200580029470 A CN200580029470 A CN 200580029470A CN 100591955 C CN100591955 C CN 100591955C
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Abstract
The vibration damping member for a machine part comprises nonbonding boundary faces in contact with each other without being metallurgically bonded. The nonbonding boundary faces are formed from the surface of the member to a specified depth inside the member, and may be formed in a non-through structure. In this case, the length of the nonbonding boundary faces in the depth direction is desirably20% or more of the thickness dimension thereof in the same direction. The nonbonding boundary faces may be formed to be passed from one surface to the other surface. The vibration damping member usedfor molding a gear with vibration damping properties comprises a ring-like or disk-like body part and a predicted gear pattern forming part formed on the outer or inner peripheral side face thereof.Some nonbonding boundary faces are formed from at least one axial end face of the body part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the blank of the part that processing automobile, building machinery, industrial machinery etc. use, the mechanical parts that particularly can irrespectively significantly improve vibration damping with the material of the blank that uses are with vibration damping blank and manufacture method thereof.
Background technique
In automobile, building machinery, industrial machinery etc., the power that is produced by motor and motor etc. drives each several part.For the part aspect that is adopted in these machineries, various requirement characteristics such as anti-pressure property and flexural strength are arranged according to the difference of part, the suitable material of selecting to satisfy this requirement uses.
These blanks wherein majority are alloys such as Fe, Al, and itself there is insoluble shortcoming in the material of blank.Promptly, the part of these alloy compositions is easy to propagate the vibration that produces in Environmental Conditions, and only depend on this part to make the ability aspect of vibration attenuation exist the limit, as a result of, exist noise takes place and reduce quiet property, owing to vibrate the situation in the working life of reducing part.
Such as, in nearest automobile, the just good strict demand that can't satisfy the user of engine performance requires to have in the car in running high level quiet property always.Though the big main cause that the noise of automobile takes place is a gear whine, but the general most Carburization Treatment of carrying out of the gear of having known the reason that becomes the sound generation is crossed, because the generation of heat treatment strain etc., the baneful influence that gear meshing is produced is the reason that sound takes place.Therefore, carrying out to reduce the heat treatment strain more and more energetically is the technological development of purpose, the exploitation of the sound that strong expectation is cut off or reduction takes place and the technology of vibration.
As being example with the gear whine, take place in order to prevent it, be not can not find out after Carburization Treatment, to carry out fine finishing again to eliminate the method for heat treatment strain.But, for this reason and the fine finishing of carrying out just needs huge cost.Though originally being provided with damping mechanism on one's body at gear and built-in cogged assembly also is feasible technically and since space for this reason guarantee and the increase of part number that just produce the restriction to cost, present situation is the employing blank wall of these countermeasures.Therefore, even if expectation is used strongly, also can guarantee to satisfy the exploitation of technology of user's quiet property requirement under residual situation of the gear of making being carried out the strain that Carburization Treatment produced.
At this problem, as the most direct improvement method, have with damping material and come finished parts, come the method that vibration is absorbed by part itself.But, be high alloy or pure Mg, Mg alloy or the Mn-Cu alloy of iron-based as everyone knows as existing known damping material.There are the following problems: all be the price height certainly, in addition in the occasion of using with part as mechanical realization, can not guarantee full intensity.Again, even if use the good Clad Steel Plate of being familiar with in the steel plate field of vibration damping, but as if making the mechanical realization part, when particularly making power transmission component, can being subjected to the restriction of its vpg connection of steel plate, spendable scope is minimum.Therefore, strong expectation do not take place these problems, with material category exploitation irrelevant, that can pay the blank of good vibration damping.
As not adopting above-mentioned so special vibration damping excellent material just can improve the countermeasure of vibration damping, the method that the interface in crack of importing nonmetal combination in part consciously etc. is arranged up to now as everyone knows has patent documentation 1,2 technology of being put down in writing such as known.
Wherein, the technology that patent documentation 1 is put down in writing is as follows: form embrittlement layer (part) in material, apply thermal shocks such as overheated, that speed is cold afterwards, at material internal the crack takes place consciously, thereby improve vibration damping.
Again, the technology of patent documentation 2 is as follows: form stiffening rib (the PVC one De) portion of wire at the desired area of sheet metal, by the crack that is produced, improve the effectiveness in vibration suppression of this sheet metal in this stiffening rib portion.
Patent documentation 1: Japanese kokai publication sho 52-147510 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2000-35082 communique
Summary of the invention
The problem that solves is wanted in invention
But, there is following problem in the described existing invention.
The invention that described patent documentation 1 is put down in writing is characterized in that, forms the embrittlement layer in material, therefore carries out carburizing consciously in low carbon steel, or adopts embrittlement material high carbon steel in advance, and it is applied the fast cold thermal shock that waits.
Therefore, if want to utilize the technology of patent documentation 1 to improve the vibration damping of mechanical parts, there are the following problems: even for also being necessary to carry out carburizing at the position that there is no need to carry out carburizing aspect the working strength, or even adopt high carbon steel etc. to be easy to produce the material in crack at the position that is unsuitable for using high carbon steel, can not select to think originally and in the selection of material, heat treatment method, significantly be restricted optimal material and the heat treatment that is fit to.
Again, the invention that patent documentation 2 is put down in writing is characterized in that as described in its specification, utilizes the quench hardening energy, adopts the sheet metal that quench hardening is big and crack sensitivity is high, and the position that the crack takes place at need forms stiffening rib portion and pays the crack.Therefore, certainly exist following problem: this technology can not obtain this effect if do not adopt the high sheet metal of quench hardening, and except that the restriction of its vpg connection of steel plate, the Applicable scope aspect material also is very restricted.
The present invention makes in order to solve described problem, purpose is a kind of mechanical parts vibration damping blank of providing as described below: the restriction aspect material is few, being easy to carry out as requested material selects, most mechanical parts can be widely used in, better damping behavior can be easy to obtain.
The 1st side of the present invention is a kind of mechanical parts vibration damping blanks, it is characterized in that, these mechanical parts have the non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination with the vibration damping blank, this non-binding interface adopts following method to form: the method for the direction in the space in dwindling this slot part by plastic working and/or the formed slot part of machining being implemented plastic working, this non-binding interface is formed up to inner prescribed depth from the surface, do not connect.
The 2nd side of the present invention is a kind of mechanical parts vibration damping blanks, it is characterized in that, has the non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination, this non-binding interface adopts following method to form: two blanks that form oxide layer at least one side's who adopts at the 1st blank and the 2nd blank the surface, the 2nd blank is pressed into the method in the described hole portion of the 1st blank with hole portion, this non-binding interface clips oxide layer on the interface.
The 1st side of the present invention and the 2nd side for reduce as far as possible aspect the material, the restriction of vpg connection, by inquiring into research with keen determination, the result obtains following opinion, and it is few and improve the part of vibration damping in scope widely successfully to be provided at the restriction of material aspect.
(1) have following shortcoming in described patent formerly: owing to generate the crack by thermal shock, therefore need to select brittle material or carry out the embrittlement processing consciously, inevitable material just is restricted terrifically.But,, perhaps can obtain same effectiveness in vibration suppression if not applying thermal shock just can generate non-binding interface.For this reason, pay non-binding interface consciously such as utilizing plastic working and/or machining, and carry out the evaluation of vibration damping, even found that the non-binding interface of paying consciously, can obtain enough big vibration damping property improvement effect for its interface shape that has by described processing.Again, from manufacture method described later as can be known, described non-binding interface is such as generating by plastic working and/or machining, therefore so long as can carry out the material of these processing, just exist and jointly to obtain the such advantage of big effectiveness in vibration suppression, compare with the invention of described patent documentation record, the restriction of material aspect can be much smaller.
(2) in the present invention, such as generating non-binding interface by plastic working and/or machining, therefore naturally concerning mechanical parts, the position with non-binding interface forms suitable position and shape easily.Therefore, on without a doubt position (=not the heavily stressed position of load) on the intensity that non-binding interface is formed on part, can obtain to make and non-binding interface is not only arranged and also without a doubt the blank of mechanical parts aspect intensity.
(3) in order to ensure good vibration damping, need make narrow ground, the gap closure at the non-binding interface of generation, nonmetal character contacts in combination.In addition,, also comprise the situation that partly has non-contacting part from microcosmic, also comprise apparent situation about upward contacting etc. at the interface in this so-called contact.
The 3rd side of the present invention is the manufacture methodes of a kind of mechanical parts with the vibration damping blank, this method is used to make the mechanical parts vibration damping blank with non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination, it is characterized in that, this method comprises following operation: slot part forms operation, by plastic working and/or be machined in the slot part that becomes the source at non-binding interface on the surface of blank; Compression section, the direction in space is implemented plastic working in dwindling described slot part, makes relative internal face be the state that is in contact with one another and forms described non-binding interface.
The 4th side of the present invention is the manufacture methodes of a kind of mechanical parts with the vibration damping blank, this method is used to make the mechanical parts vibration damping blank with non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination, it is characterized in that, this method has the operation that is pressed into as described below, preparation has the 1st blank of hole portion, has the 2nd blank that can be pressed into the external shape in this hole portion, by described the 2nd blank is pressed in described the 1st blank, inner circle wall position in described hole portion forms described non-binding interface, at least one side of described the 1st blank and described the 2nd blank carry out described be pressed into operation before, carry out The pre-heat treatment for forming oxide layer on the surface.
Adopt these manufacture methodes, can make described good mechanical parts vibration damping blank reliably.
The 5th side of the present invention is mechanical parts, it is characterized in that it is made into by described mechanical parts are processed with the vibration damping blank.With described good mechanical parts with the vibration damping blank as blank, it is processed and the mechanical parts made (such as the gear that forms tooth portion at described mechanical parts on the vibration damping blank etc.) can be brought into play very good damping behavior, be useful.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is explanatory drawing expression embodiment 1, the shape after the groove processing under the state midway at non-binding interface that is shaped has just been finished.
Fig. 2 is the explanatory drawing of the form after the shaping of interface expression embodiment 1, non-binding.
The explanatory drawing of the variation of the logarithmic decrement when Fig. 3 is expression change in depth embodiment 1, that make non-binding interface.
The explanatory drawing of encouraging the position that shakes when Fig. 4 is expression vibration damping evaluation embodiment 2, spur gear.
Fig. 5 is expression explanatory drawing embodiment 4, the 1st blank.
Fig. 6 is expression explanatory drawing embodiment 4, the 2nd blank.
Fig. 7 is the explanatory drawing of the spur gear of expression form embodiment 4, that be pressed into pin.
Fig. 8 is the explanatory drawing of an example of the shape at the non-binding interface of expression.
Fig. 9 is the explanatory drawing of an example of the shape at the non-binding interface of expression.
Figure 10 is the explanatory drawing of an example of the shape at the non-binding interface of expression.
Figure 11 is the explanatory drawing of an example of the shape at the non-binding interface of expression.
Figure 12 is the explanatory drawing of an example of the shape at the non-binding interface of expression.
Figure 13 is the explanatory drawing of an example of the shape at the non-binding interface of expression.
Figure 14 is the explanatory drawing of an example of the shape at the non-binding interface of expression.
Embodiment
At length summary of the invention is described below.
The invention of the 3rd side is the same as described with the shaping at the non-binding interface of vibration damping blank for mechanical parts of the present invention, can described slot part forms operation and compression section carry out by carrying out at least.The operation that forms described slot part makes up by plastic working, machining or with two processing carries out.Again, described compression section is undertaken by plastic working.The selection of these processing methods can be selected suitable method according to material, both can be undertaken by cold working, carries out hot working after also can heating.
Particularly, because the mode of forging productivity is good, thereby mechanical parts are made by forging mostly.Therefore, the present invention is applicable to existing when forging the part of manufacturing, by being to carry out the operation that described slot part forms operation and compression section, can under the situation that reduces productivity not significantly, produce the mechanical parts of having paid non-binding interface with existing forging process redesign.
Again, the processing of the slot part in the slot part formation operation also can be undertaken by machining.At this moment, the processing of slot part needs only the final shape that space formation is straitly sealed in slot part, and therefore the method to machining has no particular limits, and can select various means.But, by the man-hour that adds of forge hot, cold forging such plastic working carrying out slot part, form the V-type groove and be easy to processing, be easy to.Undoubtedly, the V-type groove also can be undertaken by machining.
In addition, when utilize forging, described slot part forms operation and can forge by the metal mold that employing has a projection corresponding with described slot part and carry out.By selecting the shape of desired shape, the shape of may command slot part as this jut.
Like this, adopt the manufacture method of described the 3rd side, described non-binding interface can the prescribed depth up to inside form from the surface, does not connect.At this moment, can make, can obtain the part of dimensional accuracy and excellent in stability with the state of a part.
Again, therefore the non-binding interface of generation ground left and right sides vibration damping raising effect that is in proportion with it is necessary to generate bigger non-binding interface to a certain degree.That is the area at the interface big more event of effect of high attenuation vibration more.Specifically, the length of the depth direction at described non-binding interface more than 20% of unidirectional thickness size preferably.With 20% lower limit as the length of depth direction is because under the situation of less than 20%, the attenuating that might be able to not be vibrated fully.Again, though the upper limit is not stipulated especially, even but the choice of location at non-binding interface is not made for the position of the big stress of load, the difference that also has the situation of stress because of part shape, institute's load etc., might cause under the situation of the problem on the intensity, come the upper limit of the degree of depth at interface is suitably judged according to the part that is suitable for by necessity.Preferably with below about 90% as benchmark roughly.In addition, in order to obtain sufficient effectiveness in vibration suppression, the degree of depth at interface is more than 50% of unidirectional thickness size preferably.
Again, as mentioned above, the shaping at non-binding interface can be carried out like this by as described below: at first at first by the be shaped slot part in source at non-binding interface of plastic working and/or machining, the direction in space is further implemented plastic working in dwindling this slot part afterwards, implement processing space in described slot part always and reduce as far as possible, become on the non-binding interface that is shaped apparent on a whole substantially state of contact.At this, non-binding interface is as long as finally form the apparent state of contact that goes up, so there is no need the section shape of the slot part of initial processing is limited especially.The shape that can freely select to be convenient to process (such as by forging when carrying out, being easy to process and there is no need to worry the shape of problem in the life-span of used metal mold) is carried out.
After carrying out groove processing, implement processing, be worked into always that whole face basically forms state of contact apparent on the final interface that is shaped, finish the shaping at interface thus by the direction in plastic working space in dwindling this slot part.In the contact on this so-called interface is on apparent all the time, there is no need to investigate whether whole strict contact.Therefore, if, it can not be thought not in object of the present invention as reason, it seems that basic state of contact is just enough as long as be worked into naked eyes even there is local non-contacting part in fractographic result.By being worked into this state, can significantly improve vibration damping.Again, when material is steel, carry out the processing of slot part by hot working, or heat-treating above under the temperature of transformation temperature, at this moment, form oxide layer (ス ケ one Le) on the surface, therefore the direction in space is processed in dwindling slot part, generate the result at the interface of contact, can form oxide layer and be deep into state on the interface.Can obtain better effectiveness in vibration suppression because the existence of oxide layer can improve the vibration-damping effect at non-binding interface this moment.
As mentioned above, one of the form at described non-binding interface is to the inner formed non-through form of prescribed depth on the surface, this combination that not only can the slot part by described plastic working and/or machining forms operation and the compression section of plastic working forms, and also can adopt the manufacture method of described the 4th side to carry out being pressed into of part and realize.On the other hand, described non-binding interface also can form from a surface and penetrate into another surperficial form.At this moment, can adopt the manufacture method of described the 4th side is that plunging is realized.
Promptly, preparation has the 1st blank of hole portion and the 2nd blank with the profile that can be pressed into this hole portion, by described the 2nd blank being pressed into the operation that is pressed into that the inner circle wall position that makes described hole portion in described the 1st blank forms described non-binding interface, at least one side of described the 1st blank and described the 2nd blank carry out described be pressed into operation before, carry out The pre-heat treatment for form oxide layer on the surface, can make the mechanical parts vibration damping blank at the non-binding interface that has described perforation or do not connect.
But at this moment, owing to be pressed into the very large residual stress of generation, this might bring baneful influence to the raising of vibration damping on the interface, therefore is necessary suitably to adjust to be pressed into surplus.Again, set hole portion both can connect also and can not connect on the 1st blank, when not connecting, in order smooth and easyly to carry out push operation, was necessary to be provided with vent on any in the 1st blank and the 2nd blank in advance.
Again, at least one of described the 1st blank and described the 2nd blank is preferably in and carries out the described The pre-heat treatment that is used for forming on the surface oxide layer before the operation that is pressed into.When oxide layer was pre-existing in, the effectiveness in vibration suppression that resulting non-binding interface produced uprised.This point is also most clearly known from embodiment described later.
Then, when described mechanical parts use as gear with the vibration damping blank, its effect is effectively utilized, therefore can be used as the gear that is used to form gear and use with the vibration damping blank with damping behavior.At this moment, have ring-type or discoid main body portion and form reservations in the flute profile that its outer circumferential side or interior all sides are provided with, described non-binding interface begins to form from axial at least one end face of described main body portion and gets final product.
Gear naturally is the part that plays the effect of the power that transmits motor etc. by the engagement of tooth and tooth, the whole unequal ground of the part of gear load stress, the driving force concentrated load is in tooth portion, therefore in the position of leaving tooth portion promptly such as in periphery or be processed with in interior week in the gear of tooth, the zone outside the tooth portion in this periphery or interior week can the big stress of load.Sometimes, also exist for lightweight and to be drilled with the occasion that through hole uses in the part.Therefore the inventor etc. keeps a close eye on the mechanical load state of such gear, at the non-binding interface that is shaped apart from the position that is processed with the regional suitable length of tooth, and the fatigue test of load driving power similarly when implementing with actual the use to the gear of having made.Its result when increasing the driving force of load, finds it is not the destruction of non-combination interface but the destruction of tooth portion causes the ultimate strength of gear, and validity of the present invention has obtained affirmation.Therefore, adopt vibration damping blank of the present invention to make gear, can be easy to make significantly good gear of vibration damping thus.
As mentioned above, because the generation at non-binding interface, the blank stage before the processing tooth, just improve vibration damping considerably, on this blank, behind the processing tooth during shape of product of formative gear, further significantly improving vibration damping (degree of its improvement is represented particularly) in order to use in embodiment described later as gear.The reason that significantly improves vibration damping though be processed into gear shape is very not clear and definite, owing to be processed with tooth in periphery, closely can regard one of reason as with the distance change at non-binding interface at the bottom of the tooth.Again, gear carries out Carburization Treatment mostly when being necessary to obtain high strength, the present invention and Carburization Treatment have or not that it doesn't matter, all can obtain good vibration damping.
Again, described non-binding interface is preferably formed as and is ring-type.The inside and outside transfer of vibration that can suppress at this moment, this ring-type reliably.
Again, at this moment, described non-binding interface can form circle.When adopting circle, can be easy to form non-binding interface.
Again, described non-binding interface also can form asymmetric shape.As asymmetric shape is inequilateral polygonal, irregular waveform, other different shapes.At this moment, can expect to improve more effectiveness in vibration suppression.
Below, compare with Comparative Examples, by embodiment mechanical parts of the present invention are described with the vibration damping blank.
Chemistry as the steel of testing material is 0.21%C-0.32%Si-0.77%Mn-1.16%Cr-0.16%Mo-0.032%Al-0.011%N
Steel also can use the pole of the JIS-SCM420H that is easy to buy that sells on the market.
As shown in Figure 1, the external diameter of preparing this SCM420H is that 120mm, internal diameter are that 25mm, thickness are the test specimen 1 of 20mm, is that cylinder instrument (diagram slightly) impacts by forge hot with the alternative of metal mold, at 3 distance L places of distance center O will be that 6mm, depth d are that the slot part 5 (width of the private side of groove diminish shape) as shown in Figure 1, of 7～15mm is formed in appearance with the concentrically ringed width w of blank (maximum).Also have, other test specimens of the same size that is grouped into for same one-tenth utilize machining to form same groove shape (slot part formation operation).
Then, the part that has carried out groove processing by forge hot is not cooled off after groove processing, but proceed further forge hot, the direction in space is processed (under the state that inserts the pole that coincide with internal diameter size) in dwindling described groove thus, is worked in the groove space diminish as far as possible (compression section) always.Its result it seems in appearance, and the internal side diameter and the outside diameter of the groove after the shaping become state of contact.So the test film after cutting off processing under this state is observed section, as shown in Figure 2, be shaped up to till the inside apparent the non-binding interface 50 of basic contact.Again, the part that carries out groove processing by machining is processed this groove by forge hot too, cut off the back and confirm section, the interface all is state of contact up to inside on apparent equally.
Then, the forging blank by described hot forging forming is carried out machining, and to be processed into external diameter be that 96mm, internal diameter are that 25mm, thickness are the shape of 16mm, as mechanical parts with vibration damping blank (gear vibration damping blank).In addition, add at described groove and man-hour the position of slot part 5 to be divided into 3 kinds and to process, therefore the non-binding cross-sectional dimension after the machining is as shown in table 1, after machining, be 50mm (test No.E11), 60mm (test No.E12), 75mm (test No.E13), the degree of depth at non-binding interface 50 is 4～13mm.Again, the blank pole that does not have non-binding interface that contrast test specimen (test No.C11) is promptly formed with sample ingredient similarly carries out machining to it under the situation of keeping intact, be processed into same size.Adopt the test film after this machining to carry out the evaluation of vibration damping described later.
The evaluation of vibration damping is undertaken by such method: described ready like this annular blank is played with 2 one metal wires, and the external diameter end is with the hammer exciting, adopt the laser extensometer to since the vibration of the external diameter end at the diagonal angle that this exciting takes place measure.Calculate logarithmic decrement from the waveform of resulting vibration, estimate the improvement level of vibration damping by this value.The result is illustrated among table 1 and Fig. 3.
Table 1
Clear as can be known from table 1 and Fig. 3, this example is utilized plastic working and/or machining and test film (E11～E13) compare with the existing blank (C11) that does not have non-binding interface fully that non-binding interface 50 is imported in the blanks like this, logarithmic decrement is very high, because the generation at non-binding interface has improved vibration damping significantly.Particularly increase the degree of depth at non-binding interface more and the area at interface is increased, improve vibration damping more.But, it is littler than test specimen that the ratio of non-binding interface depth and thickness is that 25% embodiment's vibration damping is imitated comparison, therefore by this test can judge preferably be provided with the degree of depth more than 30% at least non-binding interface (still, as described later, when being processed into the gear shape post-evaluation, effectiveness in vibration suppression significantly increases, so the following of the optimum range of interface depth ratio is limited to 20%.In addition, can think that the scope of optimum depth can change as if the shape difference of parts.Again, find the position difference at the non-binding interface that this test is shaped, also can on the performance of vibration damping, produce difference.In the present embodiment, non-binding cross-sectional dimension is big more, obtain the such result of good damping property more, think that this is because sound position relation different at the position in source and non-binding interface is taken place and produces difference at aspect of performance, even therefore the part shape of present embodiment also may not be that the big more performance of non-combination interface diameter is just good more, in fact be necessary on the basis of holding sound generation source, correctly to understand the only position of each part.
At least in the occasion of gear, can think therefore, to have non-binding interface just more can increase damping capacity by the gear body vibration at outer circumferential side place near the amplitude maximum.
In described embodiment 1, shown the evaluation result of the preceding mechanical parts of processing tooth with the vibration damping of the state of vibration damping blank (gear vibration damping blank), natural, be necessary to be that the influence that gear produces is held to being processed into actual part in advance.So, as shown in table 2, the degree of depth that adopts the non-binding interface that the vibration damping effect is big among the described embodiment 1 is that 13mm, diameter are that (to be 3.5mm than the lower limit of described embodiment's 1 evaluation test specimen shallow slightly and non-binding cross-sectional dimension is that the blank (test No.E24) of 60mm produces that modulus is 3 for test No.E21～E23), non-binding interface depth, the number of teeth is 30 spur gear 2 for three kinds of blanks of 50mm, 60,75mm.Then, with described embodiment 1 similarly be hung in state under 2 one metal wires in position shown in Figure 4 (end face exciting position S1, flank of tooth exciting position S2) with the hammer exciting, adopt the laser extensometer that the vibration of the increment face by the diagonal angle that this exciting took place is measured, utilize such method to carry out the evaluation of vibration damping.Adopting interface depth to be that the blank of 3.5mm tests is in order to understand that the state that is processed into gear can clearly find the lower limit interface depth of effect down.The computational methods of logarithmic decrement are identical with described embodiment 1.In addition, for can compare clearly and existing part between difference, prepare following 2 kinds of goods simultaneously: the gear (test No.C21) of the same pattern of the combination interface made from same material (SCM420H) nothing but, the gear that adopts the good nodular cast iron FCD500 (test No.C22) of vibration damping of known ratio steel to make, then carry out same evaluation.The result is illustrated among Fig. 2.In addition, in table 2, similarly to Example 1 the logarithmic decrement (embodiment 1 test No.C11) in blank stage of SCM420H (combination interface nothing but) is represented numerical value as 1 o'clock ratio.
Table 2
※ contrast test specimen 1. → SCM420H, contrast test specimen 2. → FCD500
The ※ logarithmic decrement is than being with the logarithmic decrement of the contrast test specimen blank 1. value as 1 o'clock.
As mentioned above, among the embodiment's 1 who estimated before the processing tooth the result, the effect maximum that generation produced at non-binding interface is 5.4 times (logarithmic decrement ratios), when under the state that has been processed into spur gear, estimating, can obtain the maximum effect (logarithmic decrement ratio) that surpasses 200 times.As the reason that obtains this remarkable result, think as mentioned above owing to be processed into gear make at the bottom of the tooth and distance between the non-binding interface become near so, can think also in addition and compare that the odontoid of spur gear is to be adapted to pass through to generate the shape that vibration damping is improved at non-binding interface with the blank of simple disc-shape.Again, interface depth is that the gear of 3.5mm also finds to have the effectiveness in vibration suppression about 4 times.
Even compare, can confirm that also effect of the present invention is very big with the FCD500 (C22) of one of nodular cast iron better of said always vibration damping in the past than steel again.
Embodiment 3
In described embodiment 2, adopted to keep the spur gear of the state after the machining to estimate, in the gear of reality,, carry out Carburization Treatment mostly in order to satisfy desired intensity, be necessary that the influence that this processing is produced carries out correct assurance.So, intactly adopt the gear that in described embodiment 2, adopts, implement the Carburization Treatment of 930 ℃ * 4hr, carry out same vibration damping evaluation.In addition, in described embodiment 2 in order to carry out the vibration damping evaluation, when will being estimated the test specimen suspention with wire, carrying out exciting under the state that has contacted with wire in the gear side estimates, but in present embodiment 3,, with under the wire state of contact do not estimate in the side in order to reduce the influence that the wire contact is produced.Again, to before the carburizing and carburizing after both estimate.The result is presented in the table 3 (in the measurement result of the end face exciting position S1 of Fig. 4), table 4 (in the measurement result of the flank of tooth exciting position S2 of Fig. 4).In addition, the numerical value shown in the table 3,4 is to represent to contrast the logarithmic decrement of spur gear (before the carburizing, test No.C21) of the combination interface nothing but of test specimen SCM420H as the logarithmic decrement of each gear test film of 1 o'clock with ratio.
Table 3
(table 3)
※ contrast test specimen 1. → SCM420H, contrast test specimen 2. → FCD500
The ※ logarithmic decrement than be with the contrast test specimen 1. soak logarithmic decrement before the carbon as 1 o'clock value.
Table 4
(table 4)
※ contrast test specimen 1. → SCM420H, contrast test specimen 2. → FCD500
The ※ logarithmic decrement than be with the contrast test specimen 1. soak logarithmic decrement before the carbon as 1 o'clock value.
From table 3,4 clear as can be known, the effect that formation produced at non-binding interface of the present invention with have or not carburizing irrelevantly can obtain big vibration damping raising effect.Again, reason and indeterminate is judged from resulting result, and thinking that the vibration damping raising effect that non-binding interface produced of the material after the carburizing has more increases such tendency.Again, the suspention method wiry when change is estimated, result be the difference of the vibration damping between the gear of gear of the present invention and contrast test specimen become bigger, can confirm that maximum is about the raising (E43) of 1000 times of so remarkable big decrements.Also have, in the evaluation before the processing tooth, when interface depth is 3.5mm (E43, E44), almost can not confirm the raising of vibration damping, but owing to be processed into gear, effect significantly promotes, and can confirm with the result of table 2 same, compare with the gear of combination interface nothing but, can obtain logarithmic decrement and be the effect about 4 times.
Embodiment 4
In this example, will estimate as test film by being pressed into the spur gear that forms non-binding interface.
Test film and described embodiment 2 are that thickness is that 16mm, modulus are 3 equally, the number of teeth is 30, internal diameter is the spur gear of 25mm, it is made like this by as described below: as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, the 2nd blank 22 of internal side diameter is pressed in the hole portion 210 of perforation of the 1st blank 21 of outside diameter, implements to form the machining of tooth portion etc. afterwards.Again, as shown in Figure 7, a part of test film is made following pattern: will sell 61 and be pressed in the through hole 6 at circumferential 6 places at the non-binding interface 5 that is located at resulting spur gear 2.As shown in Figure 7, on the elongation line of center and through hole 6, tooth 29 occurs and process so again.In addition, in the figure, omit the record of a part of tooth, dotted its outer circumference end.
For non-binding interface 5 is changed, as shown in Figure 6, prepared outer diameter D 2 for three kinds of 45.09mm, 60.11mm, 75.15mm (inside diameter D 1 all is 25mm) as described the 2nd blank 22.Again, as shown in Figure 5, the inside diameter D 3 of having prepared hole portion 210 for three kinds of 75.00mm, 60.00mm, 45.00mm (outer diameter D 4 all is 95.8mm) as described the 1st blank 21.Again, be provided with chamfered section 225, be provided with chamfered section 215 in interior all bights of the 1st blank 21 in the periphery bight of the 2nd blank 22.
As described test film making method more specifically, 2 kinds of cold plunging as follows and oxide layer plunging have been adopted again.
In cold plunging, 2 parts (the 1st blank 21 and the 2nd blank 22) at room temperature are pressed into.
In the oxide layer plunging, the 900 ℃ * 1hr of described 2 parts heating to being pressed into forms the state that surface attachment has oxide layer, afterwards, cold pressing into.In addition, oxidated layer thickness is about 100um.
When described oxide layer plunging, though part oxide layer comes off from the surface when being pressed into, some intactly remains under the state on the non-binding interface and is pressed into.Implemented to be pressed into the evaluation of back vibration damping.The evaluating method of vibration damping is identical with embodiment 3.
Again, the kind of the test film of making and test result are presented in the table 5.(test No.C51) is identical with embodiment 2 contrast test specimen 1 (C21) for the contrast product.
Table 5
(table 5)
As known from Table 5, by the non-binding interface that generates by being pressed into, it is 1.3～8.5 times that vibration damping is brought up to logarithmic decrement.The situation (E53, E56) of particularly inserting pin and having increased the area at interface and other trial targets specific energy have mutually obtained high vibration damping raising effect.Again, when in advance oxide layer being adhered to be pressed into from the teeth outwards (E51, E54), do not compare, improved vibration damping with adhering to oxide layer.From this result as can be known, when having oxide layer on the interface, the vibration damping raising.
That is, by being pressed into when forming non-binding interface, the situation that oxide layer narrows down on this non-binding interface is compared with the situation that does not have oxide layer, and therefore the vibration damping raising preferably is held such operation by oxide layer and makes on the interface.
But, compare with the spur gear that passes through to be prepared at the non-binding interface of forging and molding shown in described each embodiment, in that vibration damping raising effect diminishes when forming non-binding interface by being pressed into, do not reflect the big more such tendency of vibration damping of improving more of non-binding cross-sectional dimension simultaneously yet.Be pressed into and forge that specific production rate is also poor mutually again.Therefore preferably as far as possible by the non-binding interface of forging and molding.But, if because part is reasons such as large-scale, production number is few and can not fully obtain carrying out the advantage of die forging the time, also can select to be pressed into the vibration damping raising that is produced.
In the various embodiments described above 1～4, be easy to carry out in order to make all tests, the shape at non-binding interface is formed circle.But, the present invention is not limited to circle as long as improve the vibration damping at non-binding interface, undoubtedly also can form other shapes.
Such as, as Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9, when having imagined mechanical parts, can form the non-binding interface 51,52 of regular polygon with the vibration damping blank or as the discoid parts 6 of mechanical parts.Also have,, also present the polygonal non-binding interface 53,54 of asymmetrical inequilateral as Figure 10, shown in Figure 11.When particularly in being pressed into the hole portion of perforation, forming non-binding interface,, adopt shape outside the circle such as described polygonal etc., therefore be necessary can not slide at the part of non-binding interface top external diameter side and internal side diameter for transmitting torque stably.The example of other non-binding interface shapes is presented among Figure 12～Figure 14.Figure 12 is the example that is provided with non-binding interface 55 on square spline-like.Figure 13 is the example that is provided with non-binding interface 56 on the involute splines shape.Figure 14 is the example that flexuose is provided with non-binding interface 57.
, can think that compare with the occasion that forms equilateral polygon, vibration damping improves as Figure 10, shown in Figure 11 because following reason adopts occasions such as the polygonal non-binding interface 53,54 of inequilateral again.
That is, as gear at internal side diameter or outside diameter when uniformly-spaced forming tooth, the engagement of gear mesh is corresponding with the speed and the number of teeth, is certain specific frequency.Again, moment of torsion also produces with identical characteristic frequency.The occasion at the non-binding interface of equilateral polygon, at from the moment of torsion of mesh tooth face and the periodic transmission of vibration, them are also accepted with the cycle corresponding with the limit number in non-binding interface, so vibration-damping effect might diminish.Relative therewith, if the inequilateral interface, the interface of vibration attenuation is an indefinite period, therefore can expect the raising more of effectiveness in vibration suppression in the gear drive environment of reality.
Shown in embodiment 1～embodiment 4, confirmed because the formation at non-binding interface can obtain big effect to vibration damping, but that if because the non-binding interface that is shaped intensity reduces greatly and produces obstacle in the use, then is difficult to use as mechanical parts practically.So, in the described test film, use non-binding cross-sectional dimension to be 60mm, non-binding interface depth spur gear (the Carburization Treatment product of 930 ℃ * 4hr as the test film of 13mm, embodiment 3 E42), by carrying out the tooth root flexuraltest, the intensity of gear is estimated.
Its result, even the gear that the blank of having confirmed to adopt the present invention to have non-binding interface is like this processed can not begin to lose from non-binding interface yet, if the stress that oversteps the extreme limit, owing to losing of the tooth of processing at peripheral part produces ultimate strength.Its reason can be done following supposition: the stress that load is big is the tooth of peripheral part after all, the big mechanical load of not load of position at the non-binding interface that has been shaped.Again, simultaneously to also testing, find not cause that the evaluation of estimate that maximum stress that tooth is lost and the present invention have the gear at non-binding interface like this has very big difference with the existing gear of the same pattern of the blank manufacturing of combination interface that similarly adopts nothing but.
Know from this result is clear, the position that has the position of the big stress of load and the stress that load is not big, even when as the present invention, importing non-binding interface, when this interface is formed in the position of the big stress of not load in the mechanical parts, do not have the limit part at non-binding interface to compare fully with existing, do not have extreme Strength Changes.
As described above described, vibration damping member for machine part of the present invention is by plastic working and/or machining or be pressed into, Shaping nonmetal character ground carries out the non-binding interface of combination, and therefore comparing with the existing blank that does not have non-binding interface can be significantly Carry high damping. When particularly being processed into the actual parts such as gear, compare with the vibration damping of blank state before the processing, have Can obtain the so significant effect of better vibration damping, and can be to have no having or not of Carburization Treatment with typical surperficial cure process Obtain to relation this effect.
Again, the present invention is characterized in that, by plastic working and/or machining or be pressed into the non-binding interface that is shaped, so these The processing non-binding interface that can be shaped as much as possible, with existing utilize thermal shock and generate the crack compare, the restriction of material significantly subtracts Few. Therefore, can select accordingly best material with position, the desired characteristic used.
Also have, natural by machining and plastic working or when being pressed into the non-binding interface that is shaped, can be to machinery Part is freely selected the non-binding interface that is shaped, suitable position, therefore is shaped non-by the position of selecting the big stress of not load Combination interface is compared with existing machine components, can reduce hardly intensity, carries significantly high damping.
Claims (16)
1. a mechanical parts vibration damping blank is characterized in that,
Has the non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination, this non-binding interface adopts following method to form: the method for the direction in the space in dwindling this slot part by plastic working and/or the formed slot part of machining being implemented plastic working, this non-binding interface is formed up to inner prescribed depth from the surface, do not connect.
2. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The length of the depth direction at described non-binding interface is more than 20% of unidirectional thickness size.
3. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described mechanical parts are the gear vibration damping blank that is used to form the gear with damping behavior with the vibration damping blank, have ring-type or discoid main body portion and form reservations with the flute profile that is located at its circumferential lateral surface or interior all sides, described non-binding interface begins to form from least one axial end face of described main body portion.
4. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described non-binding interface forms ring-type.
5. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described non-binding interface forms circle.
6. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described non-binding interface forms asymmetrical shape.
7. a mechanical parts vibration damping blank is characterized in that,
Has the non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination, this non-binding interface adopts following method to form: two blanks that form oxide layer at least one side's who adopts at the 1st blank and the 2nd blank the surface, the 2nd blank is pressed into the method in the described hole portion of the 1st blank with hole portion, this non-binding interface clips oxide layer on the interface.
8. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
Described non-binding interface forms from a surface and penetrates into another surface.
9. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
Described mechanical parts are the gear vibration damping blank that is used to form the gear with damping behavior with the vibration damping blank, have ring-type or discoid main body portion and form reservations with the flute profile that is located at its circumferential lateral surface or interior all sides, described non-binding interface begins to form from least one axial end face of described main body portion.
10. mechanical parts vibration damping blank as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
Described non-binding interface forms ring-type.
11. mechanical parts as claimed in claim 10 vibration damping blank is characterized in that,
Described non-binding interface forms circle.
12. mechanical parts as claimed in claim 10 vibration damping blank is characterized in that,
Described non-binding interface forms asymmetrical shape.
13. mechanical parts with the manufacture method of vibration damping blank, are used to make the mechanical parts vibration damping blank with non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination, it is characterized in that,
Comprise following operation: slot part forms operation, by plastic working and/or be machined in the slot part that becomes the source at non-binding interface on the surface of blank;
Compression section is implemented plastic working by the direction in space in dwindling described slot part, makes relative internal face be the state that is in contact with one another, thereby forms described non-binding interface.
14. the mechanical parts as claimed in claim 13 manufacture method of vibration damping blank is characterized in that,
Described slot part forms metal mold that operation has a jut corresponding with described slot part by employing and forges and carry out.
15. mechanical parts with the manufacture method of vibration damping blank, are used to make the mechanical parts vibration damping blank with non-binding interface that nonmetal character contacts in combination, it is characterized in that,
Has the operation that is pressed into as described below, preparation have hole portion the 1st blank, have the 2nd blank that can be pressed into the external shape in this hole portion, by described the 2nd blank is pressed in described the 1st blank, form described non-binding interface in the inner circle wall position of described hole portion
At least one side of described the 1st blank and described the 2nd blank carry out described be pressed into operation before, be used for forming the The pre-heat treatment of oxide layer on the surface.
16. mechanical parts is characterized in that,
It is to be made into by each the described mechanical parts in the claim 1～12 are processed with the vibration damping blank.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP256452/2004 | 2004-09-03 | ||
| JP2004256452 | 2004-09-03 | ||
| JP088162/2005 | 2005-03-25 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000120777A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-25 | Kanefusa Corp | Metal plate having damping function |
| JP2002235836A (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-23 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | Vibration damping gear |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000120777A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-25 | Kanefusa Corp | Metal plate having damping function |
| JP2002235836A (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-23 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | Vibration damping gear |
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