CN100582528C - 连续变比传动系统 - Google Patents

连续变比传动系统 Download PDF

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CN100582528C
CN100582528C CN200480018840A CN200480018840A CN100582528C CN 100582528 C CN100582528 C CN 100582528C CN 200480018840 A CN200480018840 A CN 200480018840A CN 200480018840 A CN200480018840 A CN 200480018840A CN 100582528 C CN100582528 C CN 100582528C
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epicyclic train
output shaft
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transmission
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CN1820155A (zh
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C·J·格林伍德
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Torotrak Development Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/086CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
    • F16H2037/0886Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft with switching means, e.g. to change ranges

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种多档连续变比传动系统,具有系统输入轴(I)、系统输出轴(O)以及连接到系统输入轴并具有变速器输出轴的连续变比装置(变速器);第一混合行星齿轮系(P1)具有可驱动地连接到变速器输出轴(V)和系统输入轴的输入以及通过第一离合器(H)实现的输出,而第二混合行星齿轮系具有可驱动地连接到变速器输出轴的输入,所述系统输入轴具有连接到第三行星齿轮系(E2)的输出(28),该第三混合行星齿轮系可通过第一制动元件(L)有选择性地连接到系统输出轴。第二制动元件(B)用于将第二混合行星齿轮系的输出(28)锁定在固定位置。

Description

连续变比传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及连续变比传动系统。
背景技术
已知具有一种连续变比传动系统,其具有系统输入轴和输出轴以及连接到所述系统输入轴并具有变速器输出轴的连续变比传动装置(称为变速器)。一种混合行星齿轮系接受来自系统输入以及变速器输入的动力。通过合理使用离合器或其它制动元件,该系统能在高速档状态和低速档状态下运行。这类具有同轴系统输入轴和输出轴配置的传动装置的实例可参见JP-A-6-174033和JP-A-62-255655。
由于齿轮的相互啮合,不可避免地会出现小的功率损耗。为了使效率最大,因此希望减少齿轮啮合的数量,尤其是在混合行星齿轮系中,其中的功率损耗能在“动力再循环”的操作模式下显著地放大。
本申请人待审英国专利申请0212186.1通过提供一种混合行星齿轮系解决了此问题,该混合行星齿轮系具有可驱动地连接到变速器输出轴的输入中心齿轮、可驱动地连接到系统输入轴的行星齿轮支座、以及装配在该行星齿轮支座上并可驱动地与输入中心齿轮啮合的第一行星齿轮。所述第一行星齿轮驱动与系统输入轴同轴配置并通过第一离合器有选择性地连接到系统输出轴上的第一中间输出轴。而且,第一行星齿轮提供了第二行星齿轮系的输入,所述第二行星齿轮系具有通过制动元件有选择性地连接到系统输出轴上的输出。
变速器是传动装置中最低效的元件,但其通过速度比率匹配使发动机最佳化,从而改善了整体上经济效益。然而,这在最大动力时是不可能的,因为最大动力仅在一种发动机速度的情况下才发生。如果功率损耗很重要,则通过消除变速器的影响并在固定比率下运行,牺牲变速以获得最佳效率是有利的。
最终,可能避免装配该传动装置的车辆的最高速度的略微降低。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面,提供了一种多档连续变比传动系统,包括:
系统输入轴和系统输出轴;
连接到该系统输入轴并具有变速器输出轴的连续变比装置(变速器);
来自变速器的输出,该输出通过第一离合器可有选择性地连接到系统输出轴;
混合行星齿轮系,其具有一可驱动地连接到变速器输出轴和系统输入轴的输入和具有一可通过第一制动元件有选择性地连接到系统输出轴的输出;以及
用于将混合行星齿轮系的输出锁定在一固定位置的第二制动元件。
可优选地,系统输入轴、系统输出轴和变速器彼此同轴设置并与第二行星齿轮系同轴配置,第二行星齿轮系包括由所述混合行星齿轮系的输出驱动的第二输入中心齿轮,并且其中的第二制动元件用于将第二行星齿轮系的输入中心齿轮有选择性地锁定在固定位置。
可优选地,传动系统包括连接混合行星齿轮系和第二行星齿轮系的输入中心齿轮的中间传动装置。
可优选地,第二行星齿轮系包括与行星齿轮啮合的第二中心齿轮。
可优选地,第二中心齿轮相对传动箱保持固定,第一制动元件包括将第二行星齿轮系的输出有选择性地连接到系统输出轴的离合装置。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种操作如前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的传动系统的方法,包括:
检测状态,该状态下变速器的输出通过第一离合器连接到系统输出轴并且混合行星齿轮系的输出基本固定;以及
使用第二制动元件将混合行星齿轮系的输出锁定在固定位置。
附图说明
现在参考附图对仅作为示例的本发明的具体实施方式进行描述,其中:
图1是本发明一般原理的示意图;以及
图2是根据本发明的传动系统的实例方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1,连续变比传动系统包括传动输入轴I和传动输出轴O。连接在系统输入轴I和系统输出轴O之间的是变速器V和高档(high regime)离合器H,变速器优选为公知的环形座圈滚子牵引型(toroidal race roller tractiontype)。传动系统输入轴I和变速器V的输出轴都连接到混合行星齿轮组E,该混合行星齿轮组的输出通过低档齿轮L有选择性地连接到传动系统输出轴O。
然而,应该注意到,行星齿轮组E的输出轴也能通过形式为离合器B的另一制动元件锁定到传动箱40上。
混合行星齿轮组E的输出的一个特点是:在一定变速器比率时行星齿轮组E的输出是固定的(当传动系统处于低档时,该状态是现有技术中公知的“齿轮的空档”)。本发明的一般原理是,在高档离合器H接合但低档离合器L脱离的情况下(也就是传动系统位于高档),行星齿轮组E的输出被持续地检测,并且当行星齿轮组E的输出为零(或接近零)时,附加的离合器B接合,其将行星齿轮组的输出锁定为无旋转。如果低档离合器接合,锁紧离合器B防止了变速器偏离于将导致齿轮空档的比率发生。
图2的结构更详细地显示了本发明的一个实施方式。
连续变比传动系统包括公知的环状座圈滚子牵引型变速器V,该变速器具有在该部件两端各布置一个的双凹槽盘10以及一对相似的输出盘12,各输出盘与一个相应的输入盘10相向并与之一起转动。几组滚子14装配在输入盘和输出盘10、12的相对表面之间,以一比率将输入盘10的动力传递至输出盘12,其中该比率可通过倾斜滚子14而变化。
输入盘10连接到系统输入轴16并受其驱动。变速器通过与输入轴16同轴布置的管状变速器输出轴18向外输出。轴18的远离变速器V的端部驱动第一混合行星齿轮系E1的中心齿轮S1。齿轮系E1的支座C1连接到输入轴16并受其驱动,并且还连接到两个变速器输入盘10的内部。支座C1支承与中心齿轮S1啮合并受其驱动的输入行星齿轮P1。行星齿轮P1各自通过关联轴20装配在支座C1上,该关联轴附加支承第一和第二输出行星齿轮PX1和PY1。输出行星齿轮PX1与行星齿轮P1相同,并且通过(与输入中心齿轮S1具有相同尺寸)输出中心齿轮S2将齿轮系E1的总输出传递到与系统输入轴16同轴布置的中间输出轴22上。中间输出轴的动力能有选择性地通过高档离合器H传递至系统输出轴24。
输出行星齿轮PY1的直径小于行星齿轮P1和PX1的直径,其与设置在管状中间输出轴28的一端的小齿轮26啮合,所述中间输出轴与输入轴16同轴布置。中间输出轴的另一端还设有小齿轮30,其直径小于小齿轮26的直径。小齿轮30与第二简单倒转行星齿轮组D2的大直径行星齿轮P2啮合。行星齿轮P2装配在支座C2上,该支座连接在与系统输入轴16同轴布置的第二管状中间输出轴32上,并进一步连接到系统输出轴24上。
第二行星齿轮组E2的行星齿轮P2分别设置在一相应的轴34的一端上,而该轴34被安装在支座C2上。每根轴34的另一端支承另一更小的行星齿轮PX2,此行星齿轮与固定连接在传动箱40上的中心齿轮36啮合。第二管状中间输出轴32连续地从支座C2获得动力并通过低档离合器L有选择性地连接到系统输出轴24上。
此外,应该注意到,可以参考上文通过附加离合器B将管状中间输出轴28有选择性地制动在传动箱40上。
传动系统可以在三种状态,即高档、低档和同步模式中之一下运行。
在高档方式下,高档离合器H接合但低档离合器L脱离开。这使得由齿轮PX1、S2和支座C1形成的第一混合行星齿轮系的输出能从第一行星齿轮组E1的输出行星齿轮PX1、输出中心齿轮S2、中间输出轴22和高档离合器H传递到系统输出轴24上,其中第一混合行星齿轮组接受变速器V的输入盘10和输出盘12两者的输入。
第一混合行星齿轮组E1的另一输出行星齿轮PY1的输出同样传递到第二行星齿轮组E2上。由于低档离合器L脱离开,所以该输出不会传递到处于高档的支座C2.
然而,如上所述,在传动系统的某些情形下(公知的“齿轮的空档”),管状中间输出轴28(也就是混合行星齿轮组E1的第二输出轴)不转动。本发明通过检测齿轮的空档状态并在该状态下使用离合器B将中间输出轴28锁定在传动箱40上而发挥了该情况的优点,其中,由齿轮S1、P1、PY1、26和支座C1形成的第二混合行星齿轮系的输出固定不变。
其结果是,有效地将变速器锁定为具有与齿轮的空档相应的一固定比率。然后,通过由支座C1和几对齿轮S2/PX1和26/PY1形成的第一混合行星齿轮系将动力以固定比率从输入轴16传送出去。
在低档方式下,高档离合器H脱离但低档离合器L接合。高档离合器H的脱离使系统输出轴24与混合行星齿轮组E1的输出行星齿轮PX1隔离。而且,通过从传动箱40上施加反作用力,低档离合器L的接合使得从第一混合行星齿轮组E1到第二行星齿轮组E2的输出动力被传递到第二行星齿轮组E2的支座C2上。然后,该动力传递至第二管状中间输出轴32并进一步到达系统输出轴24上。
从高档到低档的变换能在所谓的“同步模式”下实现,反之亦然,其中,传动系统在某种状态下运行,此时从混合行星齿轮组E1引出的中间输出轴22与从第二行星齿轮组E2引出的第二管状中间输出轴32以相同(或非常接近的)速度转动。为了改变档位情况,新档位的离合器接合,由此两个离合器会同时啮合一段较短的时间,然后旧档位的离合器脱离开。
应该意识到,低档时与混合行星齿轮组E1主动啮合的齿轮仅有行星齿轮P1和PY1,从而混合行星齿轮系E1的能量损失最小,尤其是在动力再循环模式时。高档操作时,不会出现比现有技术的传动系统啮合更多的情况。然而,也应当注意到,本发明可以使用没有环面或环形齿轮的混合行星齿轮组E1。这不仅减少了传动系统的重量,也使得行星齿轮P1、PX1和PY1的相对尺寸的选择有更大的灵活性。这相应地使元件的速度降低,并且使啮合的数量降至最低。
本发明不限于上述实施方式的细节。

Claims (6)

1.一种多档连续变比传动系统,包括:
系统输入轴和系统输出轴;
连接到该系统输入轴并具有变速器输出轴的变速器;
来自变速器的输出,该输出通过第一离合器可有选择性地连接到系统输出轴;
混合行星齿轮系,其具有可驱动地连接到变速器输出轴和系统输入轴的输入和具有通过第一制动元件有选择性地连接到系统输出轴的输出;以及
用于将混合行星齿轮系的输出锁定在固定位置的第二制动元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动系统,其特征在于:系统输入轴、系统输出轴和变速器彼此同轴设置并与一第二行星齿轮系同轴配置,第二行星齿轮系包括由所述混合行星齿轮系的输出驱动的第二输入中心齿轮,并且其中的第二制动元件用于将第二行星齿轮系的所述第二输入中心齿轮有选择性地锁定在固定位置。
3.如权利要求2所述的传动系统,其特征在于,包括连接混合行星齿轮系和第二行星齿轮系的所述第二输入中心齿轮的中间传动装置。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的传动系统,其特征在于:第二行星齿轮系包括与第二行星齿轮系的行星齿轮啮合的第二中心齿轮。
5.如权利要求4所述的传动系统,其特征在于:第二中心齿轮相对传动箱保持固定,第一制动元件包括将第二行星齿轮系的输出有选择性地连接到系统输出轴的离合装置。
6.一种操作如前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的传动系统的方法,包括:
检测状态,该状态下变速器的输出通过第一离合器连接到系统输出轴并且混合行星齿轮系的输出是固定的;以及
使用第二制动元件将混合行星齿轮系的输出锁定在固定位置。
CN200480018840A 2003-07-01 2004-07-01 连续变比传动系统 Expired - Fee Related CN100582528C (zh)

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GBGB0315408.5A GB0315408D0 (en) 2003-07-01 2003-07-01 Continuously variable ratio transmission system
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