CN100582415C - 一种屋面垫层材料及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种屋面垫层材料及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN100582415C
CN100582415C CN200710107857A CN200710107857A CN100582415C CN 100582415 C CN100582415 C CN 100582415C CN 200710107857 A CN200710107857 A CN 200710107857A CN 200710107857 A CN200710107857 A CN 200710107857A CN 100582415 C CN100582415 C CN 100582415C
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章国荣
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Zhang Ling
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防水材料，无纺布层与无纺布层间的复合面上设有膜层，膜层与膜层间设有沥青层，沥青层内置有网筋层。优点：一是上、下层无纺布的复合面淋膜成膜层，解决了背景技术存在的渗水问题，从根本上阻止了沥青在复合过程中渗透到无纺布或无纺布外，极大地提高了屋面垫层材料的环保性能，避免了运输及使用中对环境的污染；二是沥青层中间内置网筋层，不仅增强了沥青层本身的抗拉强度和抗压强度，而且提高了屋面垫层材料的整体抗拉强度和抗压强度；三是膜层厚度的设置及膜层数量的设置，从根本上确保了膜层的耐温性和耐戳性。

Description

一种屋面垫层材料及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防水材料，尤其是一种屋面垫层材料及其制备工艺。
背景技术
目前一些屋面垫层材料采用层状结构，主要包括无纺布层和编织布层，在二者之间为沥青层，采用编织布增加材料的强度和拉力。其不足之处：虽然采用编织布层、增加了强度，但是防水性能差、容易渗水，特别是在太阳下面晒久了，材料容易变形。
发明内容
设计目的：避免背景技术中的不足之处，提供一种强度高、防水性能好的屋面垫层材料及其制备工艺。
设计方案：为了实现上述设计目。1、无纺布层与无纺布层间的复合面上膜层的设置，是本发明的特征之一。这样做的目的在于：在(上、下)无纺布层间的复合面设置膜(塑料膜层)，最大的特点提高了屋面垫层材料的防水性，解决了背景技术存在的防水性能差、容易渗水的缺陷。2、沥青层设置在(上、下)膜层间，是本发明的特征之二。这样做的目的在于：由于上、下膜层系防水性能好的塑料膜层，将沥青层置于上、下膜层间，既防止了沥青外渗到无纺布层，又起到了膜与膜间的亲和复合效应，确保了产品质量的整体可靠性。3、沥青层间内置网筋层，是本发明的特征之三。这样做的目的在于：在沥青层内置网筋层，尤如砼桥面内置钢筋，可以有效地增强沥青层的抗拉强度和抗压强度，从而提高屋面垫层材料的抗拉强度和抗压强度。4、膜层为一层或二层或多层的设计，是本发明的特征之四。这样做的目的在于：(1)当膜层为一层时，其膜层的厚度具有耐温性和耐戳性。耐温性是指膜层的厚度足以耐受熔融沥青的温度，在与熔融沥青接触的瞬间不会被熔化，而耐戳性是指熔融沥青中含有的微小杂质在复合作用到膜层时，不会戳穿膜层，从而确保膜层的防水性能不会在复合过程中，因为温度和杂质的原因而导致渗漏。(2)当膜层为2层或多层时，其目的同样是使膜层具有耐温性和耐戳性，同样要解决在与熔融沥青接触的瞬间不会被熔化，在复合时膜层不会被戳穿，确保屋面垫层材料防水性能的可靠性。5、无纺布层内置网筋层，是本发明的特征之五。这样做的目的在于：在无纺布层中内置网筋层，不仅可以提高无纺布层本身的抗拉强度和抗压强度，更重要的是：采用内置网筋层无纺布所制的屋面垫层材料，其抗拉强度高、抗压性能好，产品整体质量稳定可靠。6、二层或多层间设置膜层，是本发明的特征之六。这样做的目的在于：二层无纺布间置有膜层，可以避免膜层与熔融沥青直接接触，也就是说，在本发明中，熔融沥青与其位于中间层的无纺布层的面直接接触，而不是与膜层直接接触，从根本上避免了可能出现的熔融沥青熔化膜层的几率，确保膜层的完整性和防水性；其次，无纺布层又吸收了熔融沥青中微小杂质在复合时戳扎性，从根本上避免了杂质戳穿膜层，确保了膜层的防水性能不会在复合过程中，因温度和杂质的原因而导致渗漏。7、屋面垫层材料采改性沥青，是本发明的特征之七。这样做的目的在于：由于改性沥青具有膨胀自密性，因此在屋面垫层材料中采用改性沥青作为复合层状材料的构成部分，它可以使屋面垫层材料在用钉子固定后，其钉子的周围的改性沥青瞬间膨胀、将钉子孔与钉子之间所产生的缝隙自动密封，从而达到自密不渗漏的目的。
技术方案1：屋面垫层材料，包括无纺布层(1)，无纺布层(1)间复合面设有膜层(2)，膜层与膜层(2)间设有沥青层(3)。
技术方案2：屋面垫层材料的制备工艺，(1)将沥青在搅拌反应釜中搅拌，然后加温并保证沥青的温度在180℃～240℃之间，输送到沥青挤出模中；(2)在无防布的复合面淋膜处理，构成无纺布与膜的复合层；(3)将上、下复合层输送到沥青挤出模下，沥青涂敷在上、下复合层的面间且复合成型。
技术方案3：用于屋面垫层材料的改性沥青，各原料的重量配比如下：10-100号沥青39～60％，热塑性橡胶1～20％，填料30～60％。
本发明与背景技术相比，一是在二(上、下)层无纺布的复合面淋膜成膜层，不仅解决了背景技术存在的渗水问题，而且从根本上阻止了沥青在复合过程中渗透到无纺布或无纺布外，极大地提高了屋面垫层材料的环保性能，避免了运输及使用中对环境的污染，同时解决了背景技术存在的沥青渗漏到无纺布层所引发的环境污染及对复合压辊筒的粘接难题，确保了生产设备的正常运行；二是沥青层中间内置网筋层，不仅增强了沥青层本身的抗拉强度和抗压强度，而且提高了屋面垫层材料的整体抗拉强度和抗压强度，经过检测，其产品的纵横向拉力强度达到了100-1000N以上，纵横撕裂强度达到了500gf-4000gf以上；三是膜层厚度的设置及膜层数量的设置，从根本上确保了膜层的耐温性和耐戳性，确保膜层的防水性能不会在复合过程中，因为温度和杂质的原因而导致渗漏；四是无纺布层内置网筋层，不仅提高了无纺布层本身的抗拉强度和抗压强度，而且提高了屋面垫层材料的抗拉性和抗压性，确保了产品整体质量的稳定可靠；五是二层或多层间膜层的设置，避免了膜层与熔融沥青直接接触而导致的膜层熔化，确保膜层的完整性和防水性，同时无纺布层又吸收了熔融沥青中微小杂质在复合时戳扎性，避免了杂质对膜层的破坏，确保了膜层的防水性能不会在复合过程中因温度和杂质的原因而导致渗漏。
附图说明
图1是屋面垫层材料剖视结构第一种实施例的示意图。
图2是屋面垫层材料剖视结构第二种实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1：参照附图1。屋面垫层材料，包括无纺布层1，无纺布按材料分为聚丙烯纤维无纺布、聚酯纤维无纺布和粘胶纤维无纺布，按种类分为水刺无纺布、热合无纺布、浆粕气流成网无纺布、湿法无纺布、纺粘无纺布、针刺无纺布、缝编无纺布等等，无纺布层为一层或二层或多层，无纺布1系现有技术，在此不作叙述。无纺布层1与无纺布层1间复合面上设有层膜2，膜层2为PE膜或者PP膜，该膜为具有防水、耐温的塑料层，膜层的制作工艺系现有技术，在此不作叙述。膜层与膜层2间设有沥青层3。
实施例2：在实施例1的基础上，膜层2为一层或二层或多层。
实施例3：在实施例1的基础上，沥青层3内置有网筋层4且网筋层4为网状的玻纤布。
实施例4：参照附图2。在实施例1的基础上，无纺布层1为一层或二层或多层时，无纺布层与无纺布层1和5间设有膜层2，图中6为无纺布，7为膜层。
实施例5：在实施例1的基础上，无纺布层内置有网筋层，该网筋层可以是网状的玻纤布或纤维丝网等等形式。
实施例6：在实施例1的基础上，屋面垫层材料的制备工艺：(1)将沥青在搅拌反应釜中搅拌，然后加温并保证沥青的温度在180℃～240℃之间，输送到沥青挤出模中；(2)在无防布的复合面淋膜处理，构成无纺布与膜的复合层；(3)将上、下复合层输送到沥青挤出模下，沥青涂敷在上、下复合层的面间且复合成型，通过切边、贮存、计量和收卷工序计量成卷。
实施例7：在实施例1和6的基础上，上、下复合层及位于上、下复合层间的网筋层分别输送到沥青挤出模下，沥青通过挤出模涂敷在上、下复合层的面及网筋层间复合成型。
实施例8：在实施例1的基础上，屋面垫层材料的制备工艺，(1)将沥青在搅拌反应釜中搅拌，然后加温并保证沥青的温度在180℃～240℃之间，输送到沥青挤出模中，其中沥青采用改性沥青，各原料的重量配比如下：10-100号沥青39～60％的范围内任意取值且包括端值，热塑性橡胶1～20％的范围内任意取值且包括端值，填料30～60％的范围内任意取值且包括端值，并且上述各组份的任意取值组合的结果应满足各组份相加的和为100％；(2)将无防布的复合面预热处理，膜层位于两无纺布层间且加热复合构成夹层复合层；(3)将无防布的复合面预热处理，膜层与无纺布层加热复合构成复合层；(4)将夹层复合层和复合层输送到沥青挤出模下，沥青涂敷在夹层复合层和复合层的面间且复合成型，通过切边、贮存、计量和收卷工序计量成卷。
实施例9：在实施例1和8的基础上，将夹层复合层和复合层输送到沥青挤出模下，沥青涂敷在夹层复合层和复合层的面及网筋层间且复合成型。
结合上述实施例，对本发明作进一步说明：
这种屋面垫层材料的生产设备，主要包括有复合对压辊构成的成型装置，复合对压辊的一侧设有一个向其输送无纺布的展开装置，另一侧设有一个向其输送无纺布和一个网筋玻纤布的展开装置，复合对压辊的上方设有向其输送沥青的沥青输送装置，沥青输送装置包括沥青搅拌反应釜、沥青齿轮泵、挤出模，其中挤出模位于复合对压辊的上放且其出口正对复合对压辊中部，搅拌反应釜通过沥青齿轮泵与挤出模连接，沥青齿轮泵与挤出模之间设有沥青过滤器。挤出模具上设有加热温控装置，保证沥青的温度在180℃-240℃之间，这样沥青即可分散均匀、温度均匀。该生产线在成型装置之后还依次连接有切边装置、贮存装置、计量装置、收卷装置。布料展开装置上还设有用于调偏的红外线装置，通过计量装置和收卷装置计量成卷。
需要理解到的是：上述实施例虽然对本发明作了比较详细的说明，但是这些说明，只是对本发明的简单说明，而不是对本发明的限制，任何不超出本发明实质精神内的发明创造，均落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1、一种屋面垫层材料，包括无纺布层，其特征在于：无纺布层至少为两层，其中两层无纺布层之间设有沥青层，无纺布层与沥青层和/或无纺布层与无纺布层之间的复合面设有膜层，沥青层内置有网筋层。
2、根据权利要求1所述的屋面垫层材料，其特征是：网筋层为网状的玻纤布。
3、根据权利要求1所述的屋面垫层材料，其特征是：膜层为PE膜或者PP膜。
4、根据权利要求1所述的屋面垫层材料，其特征是：无纺布层内置网筋层。
5、一种制备如权利要求1所述的屋面垫层材料的制备工艺，其特征是：(1)将沥青在搅拌反应釜中搅拌，然后加温并保证沥青的温度在180℃～240℃之间，输送到沥青挤出模中；(2)在无纺布的复合面淋膜处理，构成无纺布与膜的复合层；(3)上、下复合层及位于上、下复合层间的网筋层分别输送到沥青挤出模下，沥青通过挤出模涂敷在上、下复合层及网筋层间复合成型。
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