CN100572312C - 模仁及其制造方法 - Google Patents

模仁及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN100572312C
CN100572312C CNB2004100525133A CN200410052513A CN100572312C CN 100572312 C CN100572312 C CN 100572312C CN B2004100525133 A CNB2004100525133 A CN B2004100525133A CN 200410052513 A CN200410052513 A CN 200410052513A CN 100572312 C CN100572312 C CN 100572312C
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boron nitride
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CN1778730A (zh
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吕昌岳
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种模仁，其具有一陶瓷基材，该陶瓷基材中烧结混合有内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管，同时还可混合贵金属粉末。本发明还提供上述模仁的制造方法，其包括以下步骤：制备氮化硼纳米管并使其至少一端开口；将富勒烯填充于氮化硼纳米管内；再将填充后的氮化硼纳米管与陶瓷基材混合后烧结成一体，即获得上述模仁。本发明所提供的模仁包括含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管，可提高模仁的化学稳定性及抗热震性，便于成品脱模。本发明的模仁可广泛应用于模造透镜等类似玻璃产品。

Description

模仁及其制造方法
【技术领域】
本发明关于模仁组件，特别涉及一种含陶瓷基材的模造玻璃烧结复合型模仁及其制造方法。
【背景技术】
随着精密加工技术不断发展，对模仁的性能要求越来越高，如要求在高温条件下具备可切削性、耐磨损、耐高压、抗塑性变形及可机加工性等性能。尤其在光学组件的加工工艺中，不仅要求模仁精确且耐磨，还需要其性能稳定且易于离型。碳化物陶瓷材料在高温条件下仍具有高强度、高耐磨及耐腐蚀等特性，因而被广泛用作模仁材质。通常以烧结碳化物(如WC)为基材，以贵金属层为保护膜，其间再夹以一中间粘接层。贵金属保护膜需具有抗氧化性，并能够提供离型的助力。
目前，模仁外层的保护膜也有采用纳米多层膜，如2004年1月28日公开的中国第03129543.6号专利申请揭示一种SiC/TiN超硬纳米多层膜及其制作工艺。请参阅图1，SiC/TiN超硬纳米多层膜通过将TiN层1及SiC层2交替沉积在陶瓷基体3上，膜层总厚度为2～4μm。这种工艺选取晶格匹配良好的氮化物与碳化物，使该种薄膜具有较高硬度，可应用于工具、模仁、钻具等耐磨工件表面成膜。但是，对于这种不同材料多层膜结构，在模造过程中的高温高压环境下，难以确保其层间结合紧密程度，且制程相对较为复杂。
2001年1月19日公开的中国第98110950.0号专利申请揭示一种纳米碳化钨-钴-碳化钛-碳化钒硬质合金的制造方法及其设备。该制造方法通过将WO3、CoO、TiO2、V2O5纳米粒子混合粉体，在C2H2气氛中直接碳化为WC-Co-TiC-VC纳米硬质合金粉体，该粉体可应用于模仁、刀具、钻具等耐磨零件。该粉体中含有少量碳纳米管，其对该纳米硬质合金具有弥散强化作用，同时可增加该纳米硬质合金的硬度及耐磨性能。但是，其在高温高压环境下易被氧化，抗热震性能不足且不易离型。
有鉴于此，提供一种在高温环境下化学性能稳定，抗热震性强的烧结复合型模仁实为必要。
【发明内容】
为克服现有技术中模仁在高温环境下存在化学性能不稳定、抗热震性低等不足，本发明的第一目的在于提供一种在高温环境下化学性能稳定、抗热震性强的烧结复合型模仁。
本发明的第二目的在于提供上述模仁的制造方法。
为实现上述第一目的，本发明提供一种模仁，其包括一陶瓷基材，以及与所述陶瓷基材烧结混合的内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管。
所述模仁进一步包括与所述陶瓷基材烧结混合的贵金属粉末，所述陶瓷基材包括碳化钨、碳化硅、碳化钛、碳化钼、碳化钒、碳化钴、氮化硅或其组合，所述氮化硼纳米管包括单壁氮化硼纳米管、双壁氮化硼纳米管、多壁氮化硼纳米管或其组合，所述氮化硼纳米管内径为0.71纳米～20纳米，所述富勒烯包括巴基球、大富勒烯、巨富勒烯或其组合，优选的是C60、C70、C80或其组合，所述贵金属包括Pt、Ir、Re或其合金。
为实现上述第二目的，本发明提供上述模仁的制造方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
制备氮化硼纳米管；
使所得氮化硼纳米管至少一端开口；
使富勒烯嵌入开口的氮化硼纳米管中；
将所得内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管与陶瓷基材混合，并挤压成型；
烧结所述成型体，形成烧结复合模仁。
进一步可在混合时加入贵金属粉末，而且，所述富勒烯嵌入方法采用真空下加热混合的方式，加热条件为在550℃～630℃温度下进行24小时～48小时，所述模仁的制造方法进一步包括在模仁型腔表面利用微细加工技术雕刻成预先设计的光学透镜曲面形状。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过将含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管与陶瓷基材烧结形成复合模仁，利用含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管所具有不易氧化、不易烧毁、耐磨性强及抗热震性强等特点，从而提高模仁的化学稳定性、抗热震性，同时贵金属粉末可提供模造后离型时的助力，便于成品脱模。
【附图说明】
图1是现有技术的模仁表面形成的薄膜结构示意图；
图2是本发明所提供的模仁结构示意图；
图3A、B、C是本发明所提供的内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管结构示意图；
图4是本发明所提供的模仁制造方法流程图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
请参阅图2，本发明所提供的模仁10具有一陶瓷基材11以及一成型表面12。在该陶瓷基材10中烧结混合有内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管13，同时还烧结混合有贵金属14。所述陶瓷基材11包括碳化钨、碳化硅、碳化钛、碳化钼、碳化钒、碳化钴、氮化硅等各种陶瓷材料或硬质合金，也可选用其中的一种或数种组合而成，关键在于该材质需具有良好热阻性、高强度及良好加工性能好等性能。而氮化硼纳米管13可选自单壁氮化硼纳米管、双壁氮化硼纳米管、多壁氮化硼纳米管或其组合，其中单壁氮化硼纳米管的内径约0.6纳米，双壁氮化硼纳米管的内径一般小于1.3纳米，而多壁氮化硼纳米管的内径可高达20纳米，因而氮化硼纳米管的内径范围可为0.71纳米～20纳米。贵金属14包括Pt、Ir、Re或其合金，如Pt-Ir、Ir-Re或Pt-Ir-Re等合金。
请参阅图3，氮化硼纳米管13中包含有富勒烯15，且富勒烯的内含形式可多样化，如对于较小内径的氮化硼纳米管13，采用完全填充形式(如图3A及B中所示)；对于较大内径的氮化硼纳米管13，采用紧贴内环周壁填充形式(如图3C所示)。而富勒烯15可选自C20、C40、C60、C70、C80、C120等，通常在富勒烯家族中，碳原子数目在70以下为富勒烯(Fullerenes)，如C20、C40、C60，也称之为巴基球(Buckyball)；碳原子数目为70-100被称为大富勒烯(HighFullerenes)，而碳原子数目超过100则为巨富勒烯(Giant Fullerenes)，其中以C60性能最为稳定，性能较佳，而C80、C70则可视为C60结构的横向伸展，因而本发明的富勒烯以C60、C70、C80为佳，还可采用它们相互各种形式的组合。C60分子直径约为0.71纳米，因此氮化硼纳米管的内径需在0.71以上。
请参阅图4，是本发明所提供的上述模仁的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)采用电弧放电法制备出氮化硼纳米管；先在两只含有大量硼的电极棒之间充入纯氮气体然后通以直流电，火花放电以产生等离子体，氮化硼纳米管即形成于该腔体内壁。与纳米碳管相较，氮化硼纳米管更不易氧化，且不易烧毁，因此适于高温应用。
(2)将所得氮化硼纳米管进行高温热处理，使其至少一端开口；通常在800℃温度下高温热处理一段时间，以去除氮化硼纳米管两端纳米硼颗粒，使氮化硼纳米管至少一端处于开口状态。
(3)将经开口处理后的氮化硼纳米管与富勒烯封闭在真空石英容器中，在550℃至630℃温度下加热24至48小时，获得内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管。关于内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管的制备方法，请参阅W.Mickelson等人在Science，V(300)，467-469(Apr.18，2003)，“Packing C60 in Boron NitrideNanotubes”一文中的相关介绍。
(4)将所得内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管与陶瓷基材混合，再施加压力使所得混合物在模具内挤压成型。
(5)将所述成型体在高温下进行烧结，形成烧结复合模仁。
其中，所述混合过程进一步包括将贵金属粉末混合在陶瓷基材中，所述陶瓷基材包括碳化钨、碳化硅、碳化钛、碳化钼、碳化钒、碳化钴、氮化硅或其组合，所述氮化硼纳米管包括单壁氮化硼纳米管、双壁氮化硼纳米管、多壁氮化硼纳米管或其组合，所述氮化硼纳米管内径为0.71纳米～20纳米，所述富勒烯包括巴基球、大富勒烯、巨富勒烯或其组合，优选的是C60、C70、C80或其组合，所述贵金属包括Pt、Ir、Re或其合金。
为适应各种形状玻璃透镜的需要，本发明还可进一步在模仁成型表面12(如图2所示)利用微细加工技术雕刻成预先设计的光学透镜曲面形状。

Claims (12)

1.一种模仁，其包括一陶瓷基材，其特征在于：模仁还包括与所述陶瓷基材烧结混合的内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管。
2.如权利要求1所述的模仁，其特征在于：所述模仁进一步包括与所述陶瓷基材烧结混合的贵金属粉末。
3.如权利要求2所述的模仁，其特征在于：所述陶瓷基材包括碳化钨、碳化硅、碳化钛、碳化钼、碳化钒、碳化钴、氮化硅或其组合。
4.如权利要求3所述的模仁，其特征在于：所述氮化硼纳米管内径为0.71纳米～20纳米。
5.如权利要求4所述的模仁，其特征在于：所述富勒烯包括巴基球、大富勒烯、巨富勒烯或其组合。
6.如权利要求5所述的模仁，其特征在于：所述富勒烯包括C60、C70、C80或其组合。
7.如权利要求2至6任一项所述的模仁，其特征在于：所述贵金属包括Pt、Ir、Re或其合金。
8.一种模仁的制造方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
制备氮化硼纳米管；
使所得氮化硼纳米管至少一端开口；
使富勒烯嵌入开口的氮化硼纳米管中；
将所得内含富勒烯的氮化硼纳米管与陶瓷基材混合，并挤压成型；
烧结所述成型体，形成烧结复合模仁。
9.如权利要求8所述的模仁的制造方法，其特征在于：所述混合时进一步包括加入贵金属粉末。
10.如权利要求9所述的模仁的制造方法，其特征在于：所述富勒烯嵌入方法采用真空下加热混合的方式。
11.如权利要求10所述的模仁的制造方法，其特征在于：所述加热条件为在550℃～630℃温度下进行24小时～48小时。
12.如权利要求9至11任一项所述的模仁的制造方法，其特征在于：所述模仁的制造方法进一步包括在模仁型腔表面利用微细加工技术雕刻成预先设计的光学透镜曲面形状。
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