CN100558311C - 用于微波医学治疗的辐射辐照器 - Google Patents

用于微波医学治疗的辐射辐照器 Download PDF

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CN100558311C
CN100558311C CNB2004800195767A CN200480019576A CN100558311C CN 100558311 C CN100558311 C CN 100558311C CN B2004800195767 A CNB2004800195767 A CN B2004800195767A CN 200480019576 A CN200480019576 A CN 200480019576A CN 100558311 C CN100558311 C CN 100558311C
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奈杰尔·克罗宁
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Abstract

一种具有包围天线的电介质主体(2)的辐射辐照器。所述电介质主体(2)包括具有不同介电常数的三个区段(3，4和5)，以提供辐照器对周围材料的宽带匹配。垫圈(10)和(11)被装配在天线上以用作反射器。

Description

用于微波医学治疗的辐射辐照器
技术领域
本发明涉及辐射辐照器，并且本发明尤其涉及微波医学治疗设备。
背景技术
一种已知的用于微波医学治疗的辐射辐照器在PCT/GB00/00682中被披露，并且包括：经同轴导体将微波能量供应到该导体的末端处的尖部区域的发生器。电介质填塞材料设置在同轴导体的内和外导体之间，但在尖部处的内导体的长度超过外导体的长度，以便形成天线以发出辐射。天线被轴向地嵌入与同轴导体具有相同外径的电介质圆柱体中。电介质主体的末端处的锐利尖端用于辅助刺入生物物质中，诸如肝脏以对肿瘤进行切除。
发明内容
根据本发明，辐射辐照器具有：一端处的功率输入端；在其末端处轴向延伸的细长天线；和包围天线的电介质主体；其特征在于：电介质主体包括沿天线相对于彼此轴向定位的不同介电常数的多个区段。
电介质主体的每个区段的介电常数被选择以便调谐辐照器以在某一特定频率处或频率范围工作，用于获得将能量传送到预定介电常数的周围材料的最优性能。例如，从辐照器到周围材料的能量传送可以改变该材料的物理属性，而在一些实施例中，电介质主体的分段性质可允许辐照器对周围材料的宽带匹配，以便允许对该材料的有效能量传送得以继续，即使材料的属性变化。
优选地，电介质主体包括三个连续的区段：邻近电源单元的第一后部区段；用于作为辐射的主发射器的第二中部区段；以及第三端部区段。第二区段具有比第一区段更高的介电常数。与如果电介质主体整体由第一电介质的材料构成时所需的长度相比，更高介电常数的第二区段使得电介质主体的总长度变短，该长度与电介质中的辐射的波长相关。第三端部区段整体由具有不同于其它两个区段的介电常数值的材料构成，并被选择作为与周围材料的匹配物。使用不同介电常数的多个区段使得从电介质交界面的反射被用于功率输入端处的匹配或调谐，以保证最佳的功率传送。
优选地，电介质主体具有与功率输入端最远的端部区段，其在使用中被弄尖以刺入周围材料中。端部区段由电介质材料而不是电导体构成的事实用于避免局部表面发热。优选地，端部区段的介电常数比第二区段的介电常数更小，而优选是第一和第二区段的中间值。
多个区段能够被制作为一个整体，或被制作为组装在一起以端对端彼此邻接的分离部件。
根据本发明的另一个方面，辐射反射器被设置在电介质主体的区段之间的交界面处，以便调制辐射的传播并进一步调谐辐照器。优选地，辐射反射器被设置在期望将辐射发射到周围材料中的区段的每一侧，在更远离输入端的那侧的反射器具有更大的面积，以比更接近输入端的反射器反射更多的能量，从而减小辐射传播到辐照器的尖端。因此，从电介质主体的辐射发射能够更局限于在一个区段。优选地，本发明被设计从第二区段辐射更多的能量。
优选地，反射器位于电介质主体的分离的邻接区段之间的交界面处，而有助于对辐照器给予结构的支撑。例如，反射器能够被焊接或其它方式结合到电介质主体和天线的区段。
附图说明
下面将参照附图通过实例描述本发明，其中：
图1显示了经根据本发明的辐射辐照器的尖端的轴向断面；和
图2显示了图1的辐射辐照器的输入端处反射的辐射相对于输入端频率的关系曲线。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的辐射辐照器包括可以是刚性或柔性的同轴导体1，导体1在一端(未示出)被连接到微波电源，而在其另一端终止于辐射发射尖端2，辐射发射尖端2从同轴导体向前延伸。尖端2包括由三个区段3，4，5组成的圆柱电介质主体，三个区段3，4，5轴向对齐并在它们之间的交界面处彼此邻接，以形成一个连续体。第一后部区段3被连接到同轴导体1的端部。区段3的后部部分6具有减小的直径，并被插入同轴导体的外部导体7内较短距离以实现安全的连接。同轴导体的中央导体8延伸穿过主体2中的轴孔9，轴孔9穿过所有三个区段，而终止在第三端部区段5中。在装配期间，金属垫圈10在与第二中部区段4的交界面处被焊接到后部区段3，并被焊接到中央导体8；而第二金属垫圈11在与端部区段5的交界面处被焊接到中间区段4，并被焊接到中央导体8。因此，垫圈10和11用于经中央导体8将电介质主体的两个区段3和4紧固到同轴导体1的端部。然后，端部区段5被结合到第二垫圈11和中央导体8。
辐照器的端部区段5具有尖的形状以有助于插入将被治疗的材料中，而这将被制造成应用所需的锐利性，例如肝癌的治疗。
在操作中，从外部导体7延伸的中央导体8的那部分用作发射辐射的天线。电介质主体内的辐射的波长由电源的频率和各种部件的介电常数决定。因此，辐射的波长在三个区段3，4和5的每个中是不同的。通过相对于彼此和辐照器将被使用的周围材料，适合地选择这三个区段的介电常数，可以调谐辐照器以给出最优性能。
影响辐照器的调谐的另一因素是用作辐射反射器的金属垫圈10和11。两个垫圈用于将辐射返回到输入端，而通过在输入端处适合的匹配，保证能量最大地传送到尖端2。垫圈11具有比垫圈10更大的表面面积，以便减小被传播到第三区段5的能量的数量。
影响调谐的其它因素是延伸超出外部导体7的中央导体8的长度、各个电介质区段3，4和5的直径和轴向长度以及垫圈10，11的厚度和直径。
应该认识到：考虑使用设备时，周围材料的介电常数将对性能产生影响，电介质材料的选择和各个部件的尺寸使得设计辐射辐照器具有很大的灵活性，以适合广泛的应用和性能要求范围。
例如，设计用于医疗使用的辐射辐照器具有如图1所示的尺寸和如下进一步的规格：垫圈10具有1.9mm的外径；垫圈11具有2.7mm的外径；中央导体8突出超出外部导体8.5mm；而电介质区段3，4，5分别由具有介电常数10的氧化铝、具有介电常数100的氧化钛和具有介电常数47的Ca-Ti-Nd-Al电介质。当前实例的辐照器能够以3GHz附近的频率很好地工作。特别地，当前实例的辐照器尤其适合以2.45GHz的频率和50W的功率工作。
上述实例的辐照器的性能如图2所示。这显示了相对于工作频率的从辐照器的尖部反射的功率，并显示了在约2.45GHz处反射功率中存在下降，这对应于在该频率处到尖端的最大能量传送。图2中的下降的宽度为约0.6GHz，该宽度给予辐照器一种宽带特征，该宽带特征允许它更好地适应与具有某一范围的介电常数值的周围材料一起使用。
在本发明的可选实施例中，可以使用包括空气的其它电介质材料，而代替三个电介质区段，可仅有两个或可以有四个或更多个电介质区段。槽可以圆周地形成在电介质区段的每个或任何一个或多个的外部表面中。此外，电介质区段可以纵向渐缩。
此外，成像过程可以被用于引导辐照器到期望的位置。辐照器可以具有足够小的直径以经诸如用于超声波成像技术的导线插入，以保证使用中的精确治疗。

Claims (11)

1.一种辐射辐照器，具有：在一端处的功率输入端；在其末端处轴向延伸的细长天线；和围绕天线的电介质主体，其特征在于：电介质主体包括多个区段，所述多个区段沿天线相对于彼此轴向定位且具有不同的介电常数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的辐照器，其中：所述电介质主体包括：用于发射辐射的第二区段；和在第二区段与功率输入端之间的第一区段，第二区段比第一区段具有更高的介电常数。
3.根据权利要求2所述的辐照器，其中：所述电介质主体具有最远离功率输入端的端部区段，所述端部区段具有比第二区段的介电常数更低的介电常数。
4.根据权利要求3所述的辐照器，其中：所述端部区段具有介于第一和第二区段的介电常数之间的介电常数。
5.根据权利要求1到4中的任一项所述的辐照器，其中：多个区段被制作为分离的部件，且被组装以端对端彼此邻接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的辐照器，其中：辐射反射器被设置在电介质主体的两个区段之间的交界面处，以便调制辐射的传播并调谐辐照器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的辐照器，其中：辐射反射器被设置在期望将辐射发射到周围材料中的区段的每一侧，在更远离输入端的那一侧的反射器具有更大的面积，以比更接近输入端的反射器反射更多的能量，从而减小辐射到辐照器的尖端的传播。
8.根据权利要求6所述的辐照器，其中：每个反射器位于电介质主体的单独的区段之间的交界面处，并给予辐照器结构支撑。
9.根据权利要求1所述的辐照器，其中：最远离功率输入端的电介质主体的端部区段是尖的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的辐照器，其中：功率输入端包括同轴导体，其中中央导体从外部导体延伸以形成所述细长天线。
11.根据权利要求10所述的辐照器，其中：所述电介质主体具有直径减小的部分，所述直径减小的部分被插入外部导体的开口端。
CNB2004800195767A 2003-06-23 2004-06-18 用于微波医学治疗的辐射辐照器 Expired - Fee Related CN100558311C (zh)

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