CN100543279C - 后喷射控制系统和调节后喷射的方法 - Google Patents

后喷射控制系统和调节后喷射的方法 Download PDF

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CN100543279C
CN100543279C CNB2006101016106A CN200610101610A CN100543279C CN 100543279 C CN100543279 C CN 100543279C CN B2006101016106 A CNB2006101016106 A CN B2006101016106A CN 200610101610 A CN200610101610 A CN 200610101610A CN 100543279 C CN100543279 C CN 100543279C
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C·E·马莱特
J·C·谭
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    • F01N2430/00Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F01N2430/085Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于与柴油发动机一起调节柴油微粒过滤器的柴油微粒再生的后喷射控制系统和一种调节后喷射的方法。该后喷射控制系统包括一个产生一质量空气流信号的质量空气流传感器,一个温度传感器,感知排气的温度而产生一排气温度信号,和一个控制组件,在从该质量空气流信号确定的一个后喷射值处和在从该排气温度信号确定的一个后喷射速度处指令后喷射,其特征在于,所述控制组件在过渡运转工况期间指令所述后喷射。

Description

后喷射控制系统和调节后喷射的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及柴油发动机,尤其涉及柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)再生。
背景技术
由于柴油燃料的压缩比提高和能量密度较高,柴油发动机的效率通常比汽油发动机高。柴油燃烧周期产生微粒,这些微粒通常用设置在排气流中的柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)从柴油排放气体中过滤出来。一段时间后,DPF被充满,于是必须除去捕集的柴油微粒。在再生期间,柴油微粒在DPF内燃烧掉。
一种再生的方法是在燃烧后将燃料喷入气缸。燃烧后喷射的燃料与排放气体一起进入发动机,并利用设置在排放气流中的柴油氧化催化剂而燃烧。在催化剂中的燃烧所释放的热量提高排气温度,从而燃烧DPF中的微粒。该方法利用共轨燃烧喷射制而不需要额外的燃料喷射硬件。但是,如果不能合适地控制,该方法能够产生可见的白烟和/或有害的气味,它们被称为碳氢化合物(HC)断开(break-through)。
为了阻止HC断开,在后喷射期间传送的燃料量可以根据发动机转速和发动机载荷来控制。但是,这种方法不能用于瞬时状态。任何时候当空气气流和温度与发动机转速和发动机载荷之间的关系变化时,该控制方法也必须校准。
在另一方面中,使用后喷射释放计时器来提高排气温度。该后喷射释放计时器使得能够在一个预先设定的时间限度之后进行后喷射。但是,如果后喷射温度不在一个足够的水平而产生后喷射,那么HC断开就会发生。加热排气系统所需的时间取决于驱动条件、周围空气温度和排气系统部件的使用寿命。结果,预设定时间限度的方法不适合于驱动状态的变化。
发明内容
因此,一种与柴油发动机一起调节柴油微粒过程器的柴油微粒再生的后喷射控制系统包括一个产生质量空气流信号的质量空气流传感器,一个温度传感器,感知排气的温度而产生一个排气温度信号,和一个控制组件,根据由质量空气流信号确定的后喷射值和由排气温度信号确定的后喷射速率指令后喷射,其特征在于,所述控制组件在过渡运转工况期间指令所述后喷射。
在一个特点中,该控制系统确定一个所希望的后喷射值,如果该所希望的后喷射值小于该后喷射值,那么该控制组件就根据该所希望的后喷射值而指令后喷射。
在另一特点中,该系统包括一种接受包含从柴油发动机来的后喷射的排气的预催化剂,而且其中,该温度传感器感知流出该预催化剂的排气的温度。
在又一特点中,该系统包括一个感知柴油发动机转速的发动机转速传感器,而且其中,该后喷射值是由质量空气流信号、发动机转速信号、气缸数目、所希望的空气/燃料比、最小氧值、一个常数、一个发动机转矩燃料值和一个后喷射效率值来确定的。
本发明还提供了一种调节柴油发动机中柴油微粒再生的后喷射的方法,包括:由一个质量空气流传感器确定一质量空气流;由一个温度传感器确定排气温度;根据所述质量空气流来确定一个后喷射值;根据所述温度来确定一个后喷射速率;以及按照所述后喷射值和所述后喷射速率来指令后喷射,其中,上述方法是在所述柴油发动机的过渡运转期间完成的。
从后面提供的详细描述将清楚本发明的其它应用领域。应当理解,虽然这些详细描述和特定例子指示本发明的优选实施例,但它们预期仅用于例示的目的而并不限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
从下列详细描述和附图将更加充分地理解本发明,附图中:
图1是一种包括本发明的柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)再生系统的示范的柴油发动机系统;
图2是例示本发明的柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)的增强后喷射控制的流程图;
图3例示用于计算本发明的总燃料的方程式;
图4例示用于计算在发动机过渡运转工况期间的后喷射值的方程式;以及
图5例示用于计算在发动机稳态运转工况期间的后喷射值的方程式。
具体实施方式
下列优选实施例的描述仅作为示范而绝不限制本发明、其应用或用途。为清楚起见,图中相同元件使用相同标号。如此处采用的,术语组件指用途特定的集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、执行一种或多种软件或硬件程序的处理器(共用的,专用的,或组合的)和存储器、组合的逻辑电路和/或提供所述功能的其它合适的部件。
现在参照图1,一个涡轮增压的柴油发动机系统10包括发动机12,该发动机燃烧空气和燃料混合物,以产生驱动转矩。空气通过过滤器14而进入该系统。在通过过滤器14后,空气引入涡轮增压器18。后者压缩新鲜空气进入系统10。通常空气的压缩愈大,发动机12的输出也愈大。然后压缩空气先通过空气冷却器20,再进入进气歧管22。节流阀24控制进入进气歧管22的空气流。
进气歧管22中的空气分配到气缸26中。虽然图示四个气缸26,但可以理解,本发明的系统和方法可以在有多个气缸包括(但不限于)2、3、4、5、6、8、10、12个气缸的发动机中实施。也可理解,本发明的系统和方法可在V型气缸构型中实施。燃料用燃料喷射器28喷入气缸26。从压缩空气来的热量点燃空气/燃料混合物。空气/燃料的燃烧产生排气。排气从气缸26流入排放系统。
该排放系统包括排气歧管30、预催化剂31、柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)32和柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)34。任选地,一个EGR阀(未示出)可以将一部分排气再循环而返回进气歧管22。排气的其余部分引入涡轮增加器18而驱动一个涡轮机。该涡轮机有利于压缩从空气过滤器14接收的新鲜空气。排气从涡轮增压器18通过预催化剂31、DOC 32和DPF 34而流动。DOC 32根据过去的燃烧空气/燃料比而氧化排气。氧化的量提高排气温度。DPF 34接受从DOC 32来的排气,并过滤排气中存在的任何烟炱微粒。
质量空气流(MAF)传感器36测量进入该系统的空气流而产生一个MAF信号。发动机转速传感器38感知以每分钟转数(RPM)表示的发动机转速,并产生一个RPM信号。温度传感器40感知从预催化剂31流出的排气温度,并产生一个预催化剂出口温度信号。或者是,在排气进入DPF 34之前,温度传感器42感知排气的温度,并产生一个DPF入口温度信号。
控制组件44根据上述信号而控制DPF的再发生。该控制组件评估DPF34中存在的排放的烟炱微粒的量。当控制器确定DPF为充满时,控制组件通过指令排气中存在的燃料和氧的水平而起动对DPF中存在的烟炱微粒的氧化。
DPF再生需要一个高于450摄氏度的DPF操作温度。为了保持该操作温度,控制组件44指令燃料喷射器28在排放相位期间将燃料喷入气缸26。该过程也称为后喷射(PoI)。排气中的补充燃料在DOC32中产生较高的燃烧温度,由此提高通入DPF34中的排气的温度。本发明的控制组件44控制进入该系统的空气流的水平和在足以防止可见的白烟和有害的气味的一个值和速率处的后喷射。
现在参照图2,流程图例示由用于本发明的增强的后喷射控制法的控制组件完成的步骤。在步骤100中,控制器根据当前的发动机操作状态而确定一个目标MAF。在步骤110中,控制器根据步骤100的目标MAF而确定一个所希望的后喷射值。在步骤120中,根据图3中所示的方程式而计算总燃料值。总燃料值TOT_FUEL表示有多少燃料能够被喷入气缸26(图1)而不必减小低于最小值的后喷射。O2_MIN表示排气中应当存在的氧化后喷射且具有用于氧化DPF34(图1)中烟炱的5~10%的过剩氧的最低氧水平。该最小值可以选择。AFR代表所要的空气/燃料比。CYL_NUM代表发动机12(图1)中气缸26(图1)的数目。RPM是从发动机12(图1)感知的发动机速率。K是任选地用于将方程式转换为合适的单位的常数。而MAF是由MAF传感器(图1)感知的质量空气流。
回来参照图2,在步骤130中,从对过渡运转工况的计算的后喷射和对稳态运转工况的计算的后喷射的一个最小值确定一个后喷射值。用于过渡运转工况的PoI_VALUE_TRNS是根据步骤110的计算的TOT_FUEL值和图4中示出的方程式而计算的。TRQ_FUEL代表指令产生发动机转矩的燃料量。而PoI_EFF代表将在气缸26(图1)中燃烧的后喷射量,也称为后喷射效率。稳态运转工况的后喷射PoI_VALUE_SS被调置成等于如图5中所示的步骤100中确定的所希望的后喷射。
回头参照图2,一旦确定了后喷射值,控制器就能够限制根据排气温度而喷射燃料的速率。在步骤150中可以利用DPF入口温度信号或在步骤160中可以利用预催化剂出口温度信号来限制喷射燃料的速率。一旦确定了该值和速率,控制器就在步骤170中指令后喷射。
该技术的专业人员现在可以从上述描述理解到,本发明的广泛说明可以以各种形式实施。因此,虽然已就其特定的例子描述了本发明,但不应当这样来限制本发明的实际范围,因为实施本发明的专业人员在研究附图、说明书和所附技术方案之后显然能进行其它修改。

Claims (16)

1.一种与柴油发动机一起调节柴油微粒过滤器的柴油微粒再生的后喷射控制系统,包括:
一个产生一质量空气流信号的质量空气流传感器;
一个感知排气温度并产生一排气温度信号的温度传感器;以及
一个根据由从所述质量空气流信号确定的后喷射值和由所述排气温度信号确定的后喷射速率指令后喷射的控制组件其特征在于,所述控制组件在过渡运转工况期间指令所述后喷射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述控制组件确定一个所希望的后喷射值,并在稳态运转工况期间根据所述希望的喷射值指令后喷射。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述控制组件确定一个所希望的后喷射值,并且如果所述希望的后喷射值小于所述后喷射值根据所述希望的后喷射值指令后喷射。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括一种预催化剂,该预催化剂从所述柴油发动机接受包括所述后喷射的排气,而且其中所述温度传感器感知离开所述预催化剂的排气的温度。
5.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括一个从所述柴油发动机接受排气的柴油微粒过滤器,其中所述柴油微粒过滤器氧化被捕集在所述柴油微粒过滤器中的烟炱微粒,而且其中所述温度传感器感知进入所述柴油微粒过滤器的排气的温度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括一个感知所述柴油发动机的转速的发动机转速传感器,而且其中所述后喷射值是根据所述质量空气流信号、所述发动机转速信号、气缸数目、所希望的空气/燃料比和最小的氧值确定的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其特征在于,所述后喷射值还由一常数确定,而且其中所述常数可根据一个所希望的单位而选择。
8.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其特征在于,所述最小氧值可根据一个为氧化所有后喷射同时余下用于烟炱氧化的过量氧所需的氧值而选择。
9.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其特征在于,后喷射值还由一个发动机转矩燃料喷射值和一个后喷射效率值确定。
10.一种调节柴油发动机中柴油微粒再生的后喷射的方法,包括:
由一个质量空气流传感器确定一质量空气流;
由一个温度传感器确定排气温度;
根据所述质量空气流来确定一个后喷射值;
根据所述温度来确定一个后喷射速率;以及
按照所述后喷射值和所述后喷射速率来指令后喷射,
其中,上述方法是在所述柴油发动机的过渡运转期间完成的。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
确定一个目标质量空气流;
根据所述目标质量空气流来确定一个所希望的后喷射值;
根据所述目标质量空气流来控制一个节流阀;以及
按照所述希望的后喷射值来指令后喷射;
其中所述控制和指令的步骤是在所述柴油发动机的稳态运转期间完成的。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,如果所希望的后喷射值小于所述后喷射值,那么按照所述希望的后喷射值完成指令后喷射的所述步骤。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括根据流出柴油氧化催化剂的排气感知和产生一个温度信号,而且其中确定所述温度的所述步骤包括根据所述温度信号确定所述排气温度。
14.权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括根据流入柴油微粒过滤器的排气感知和产生一个温度信号,而且其中确定所述温度的所述步骤包括根据所述温度信号确定所述排气温度。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,确定所述后喷射值的所述步骤还包括根据所述质量空气流、最小氧值、空气/燃料比、气缸数目、发动机转速和常数K按照下列方程式来确定总燃料,其中,以MAF表示质量空气流,以O2_MIN表示最小氧值、以AFR表示空气/燃料比、以CYL_NUM表示气缸数目、以RPM表示发动机转速,以TOT_FUEL表示总燃料:
TOT_FUEL=MAF/(O2_MIN*AFR*CYL_NUM*RPM*K)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,确定所述后喷射值的所述步骤还包括按照下列方程式:PoI_VALUE=TOT_FUEL-TRQ_FUEL-PoI-EFF,从所述总燃料中减去发动机转矩燃料喷射值和后喷射效率值,其中,以TRQ_FUEL表示发动机转矩燃料喷射值,以PoI_EFF表示后喷射效率值。
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