CN100539297C - A kind of microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end - Google Patents

A kind of microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end Download PDF

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CN100539297C
CN100539297C CNB2006100112981A CN200610011298A CN100539297C CN 100539297 C CN100539297 C CN 100539297C CN B2006100112981 A CNB2006100112981 A CN B2006100112981A CN 200610011298 A CN200610011298 A CN 200610011298A CN 100539297 C CN100539297 C CN 100539297C
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thermal resistance
microwave
conductive filter
super conductive
transmission line
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何豫生
何艾生
李春光
黎红
张雪强
张强
孙亮
黄建冬
孟庆端
李翡
王跃辉
高路
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Institute of Physics of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end, comprising: low noise amplifier, microstrip transmission line, can, refrigeration machine and the temperature controller of super conductive filter, Surface Mount version; Described super conductive filter comprises high-temperature superconductor shielding box and the superconductive pellet that places in the high-temperature superconductor shielding box; The output of described super conductive filter is electrically connected with low noise amplifier by microstrip transmission line, and the two is installed on the heat transfer plate, and the bottom of heat transfer plate is fixed on the cold head of refrigeration machine.Advantage of the present invention is to have realized that the plane integrated technology more becomes rationally the assembling of subsystem, thereby the noise of subsystem is further descended; Thermal resistance height of the present invention, the cold consumption of subsystem cold head is little, can carry more device at equal refrigeration work consumption lower plane integrated technology like this.For example same the cool machine of system can carry a plurality of super wave guides, perhaps other device.

Description

A kind of microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end
Technical field
The invention belongs to the microwave engineering field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end.
Technical background
Meteorological radar is to be used to survey the locus of meteorological target and the radar series of state.Its operation principle is to the intermittent launching electromagnetic wave row of aerial meteorological target (for example big air mass, cloud, precipitation particles, snow, ice crystal etc.), receive the electromagnetism wave train of being returned then, and determine locus, movement velocity and other meteorological features of tested meteorological target according to the characteristic of echo-signal by meteorological target scattering.
The major parameter that meteorological radar measures be target with radar between apart from the scattering properties of r, target direction angle and the elevation angle, target and the radial velocity of the relative radar of target.
Different types of meteorological radar sounding parameter respectively lays particular stress on.At present, mainly contain types such as cloud scanner, Doppler radar, dual polarization radar, two-wavelength radar, multi-parameter weather radar, wind-warm syndrome profile radar, airborne weather radar, phase array weather radar.
The echo of radar signal is collected by antenna and is detected by receiver, therefrom obtains the information of target.Fig. 2 is a kind of block diagram of superhet radar receiver.Radar echo becomes intermediate-freuqncy signal after through antenna, low noise amplifier, frequency mixer, usually the microwave circuit from antenna to frequency mixer partly is called receiver front end, the system that a part of microwave component is formed in the receiver front end is called is the radar microwave subsystem.The quality of receiver front end has material impact to the performance of radar.Several notions relevant and equation have been listed below with receiver front end.
Radar equation.Radar equation is the most basic formula that is used for describing radar performance.If use R MaxRepresent maximum radar range, then radar equation can be written as:
R max 4 = P + G + Arσ ( 4 π ) 2 S min - - - ( 2 )
P in the formula +Be the radiant power of radar, G +Be the gain of antenna, Ar is the effective receiving aperture of antenna, and σ is a target cross section, S MinIt is the receiver minimum detectable signal.Obviously, S MinMore little expression radar is sensitive more, the distance R of detection MaxAlso big more.
Minimum detectable signal in the radar equation can be expressed as:
S min = kTBF n S N - - - ( 3 )
K is a Boltzmann constant in the formula, and T is a temperature, and B is a receiver bandwidth, F nBe receiver noise factor, S/N is a signal to noise ratio.
Noise temperature.Nyquist's theorem points out that a temperature is the resistance of T, will produce thermal noise voltage, if add outer load, the effective noise power that then adds to load equals
P n＝kT nB (4)
In other words, accepted available heat noise power P when a certain load n, a noise temperature T just must be arranged in this load nCorresponding with it.If describe the noise power that whole receiver is exported with noise temperature, just be called system noise temperature.If system is multistage transmission network, any one-level can produce noise in the system, that is to say the receiver effective input noise temperature T that all have separately at different levels e, the noise temperature T of system so sFor:
T s = T a + Σ i = 1 N T e ( i ) G i - - - ( 5 )
T in the formula aBe antenna noise temperature, G iThe noise temperature that shows system by the actual gain formula (5) between system input and the i level input is mainly determined that by the noise temperature of the low noise amplifier of the noise temperature of antenna and receiver front end the noise effect of amplifiers at different levels after this will weaken rapidly.
We consider a front terminal system that comprises antenna and low noise amplifier.Fig. 3 is the block diagram of this subsystem, and wherein the noise temperature of front terminal system just can be regarded as system-wide T sNoise temperature.T sForm i.e. antenna noise temperature, the noise temperature of noise temperature that transmission line loss causes and first order low noise amplifier by three parts.Being write as equation is
T s＝T a+T r+L rT e＝T a+T 0(L r-1)+T 0(F n+1) (6)
T in the formula 0Be the physical temperature of network, L rBe the loss factor of transmission apparatus, F nIt is the noise factor of first order amplifier.If put aside antenna in system, the noise temperature of subsystem only depends on three factors, i.e. T so 0F nAnd L r
Reduce noise temperature radar performance is produced very big influence.The maximum detectable range that formula (2) shows radar under certain condition with
Figure C200610011298D00061
Be inversely proportional to, and T in the formula (3) 0F nWith S MinBe directly proportional.This shows that the I of radar picks up that to survey signal be that noise factor with ambient temperature and first order amplifier reduces and descends.
As seen, the noise temperature that reduces system just means the maximum detectable range that has improved radar.Reduce noise temperature and can improve the signal to noise ratio of radar, thereby improved the quality of radar receiver received signal.Reduce the precision that noise has improved radar.Reduce the resolution that noise has improved radar.This conclusion is suitable for all microwave receivers equally.
The research work of superconduction passive device has in recent years obtained significant progress, be developed into superconduction passive device such as superconducting antenna, super conductive filter, superconduction oscillator and small-sized refrigerator with different qualities, these development works of becoming the superconduction receiver front end are laid a good foundation.Usually according to self condition and reality and needs, we are toward only living super conductive filter and low noise amplifier to be placed in the refrigeration machine altogether composition high-temperature superconductor microwave sub-system.The subsystem of this novelty can improve the performance of receiver significantly.
The advantage of high-temperature superconductor microwave sub-system is that each device of subsystem all is in the low-temperature working environment, i.e. T in the formula (6) 0Little, the noise factor F of amplifier at low temperatures on the other hand nAlso obviously descend the loss L of super conductive filter rAlso very little, so the noise temperature of subsystem has descended greatly.The immediate interest of bringing thus is that the sensitivity of communication microwave receiver and radar system is got a promotion.
Super conductive filter has remarkable advantages than conventional filter, briefly says it mainly is that Insertion Loss is little in the band, band suppresses, sideband is precipitous outward.The sorrow gesture that is to say this device is that antijamming capability is strong.It is that it can make the very narrow device of passband that super conductive filter also has an advantage of being worth mentioning, and this is that conventional filter can not be accomplished.Microwave communication receiver and some radar (for example meteorological radar) require filter to have very narrow passband, and this is that conventional filter is not accomplished at all, so have in front end cancellation filtering link, its consequence is the antijamming capability that has weakened radar widely.And super conductive filter can overcome these difficulties.
In a word, behind microwave communication receiver and radar front end access high-temperature superconductor subsystem, complete machine can both significantly be promoted at aspects such as antijamming capability and sensitivity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the big weakness of superconduction subsystem thermal losses, the high-temperature superconductor microwave sub-system of the plane integrated morphology of a kind of high thermal resistance, low noise temperature, high s/n ratio, high anti-jamming capacity is provided, and this microwave sub-system is used for microwave communication receiver or radar receiver front end.
For achieving the above object, the microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end provided by the invention comprises: the low noise amplifier 2 of super conductive filter 1, Surface Mount version, microstrip transmission line 4, can 11, refrigeration machine 7 and temperature controller 8; Described super conductive filter 1 comprises high-temperature superconductor shielding box and the superconductive pellet 12 that places in the high-temperature superconductor shielding box; The output of described super conductive filter 1 is electrically connected with low noise amplifier 2 by microstrip transmission line 4, and the two is installed on the heat transfer plate 9, and the bottom of heat transfer plate 9 is fixed on the cold head of refrigeration machine 7; Input SMA microwave connector 14 (input microwave coaxial connector) and output SMA microwave connector 5 (output microwave coaxial connector) are installed on the described can, are electrically connected with the input of described super conductive filter 1 and the output of described low noise amplifier 2 respectively.
In the technique scheme, described high-temperature superconductor shielding box comprises lid 18 and cassette holder 13, and superconductive pellet 12 places cassette holder 13 bottoms, and cassette holder 13 two ends have gap; Settle transition microstrip line 3 on this gap, the superconductive micro-strip line on described transition microstrip line 3 one ends and the superconductive pellet 12 is bonding by elargol, the other end and microstrip transmission line 4 welding; The other screw 15 that is used for fixing the SMA microwave connector that has of described gap; Have fixing hole 16 on described lid 18 and the cassette holder 13, have tuning screw 17 on the described lid 18.Such structure has satisfied double requirements.When filter need be debugged, can press the dress sub-miniature A connector at the two ends of box, be connected with network analyzer with cable, by the turn tuning screw filter is debugged; Debugging finishes, and tuning screw is fixed in the tuning screw, removes sub-miniature A connector, makes the high-temperature superconductor shielding box become surface mounting component, is directly installed on the cold head plate.
In the technique scheme, connect by microstrip transmission line 4 and metal fly line 6 between the input of described input SMA microwave connector 14, super conductive filter 1; Also connect between the output of described output SMA microwave connector 5, low noise amplifier 2 by microstrip transmission line and metal fly line; Described metal fly line is the fine wire that is connected between two sections the microstrip transmission line.
In the technique scheme, the superconductive pellet of described super conductive filter is by the high-temperature superconducting thin film material.
In the technique scheme, described microstrip transmission line is by medium copper-clad plate material.
In the technique scheme, described microstrip transition line is by medium copper-clad plate material.
In the technique scheme, described metal fly line diameter is between 0.03-0.15mm.
In the technique scheme, described metal fly line is by the spun gold material.
In technique scheme, the cold head temperature in the described vacuum envelope 11 is equipped with air extractor less than 77K on the vacuum envelope 11, and pressure is less than 10 in the back cavity of bleeding -3Pa.Described vacuum envelope and air extractor all belong to known technology.
The loop bracket 10 in order to the microstrip transmission line that supports output, input is equipped with in described vacuum envelope inboard.
Of the present invention two big advantages are: owing to realized that the plane integrated technology more becomes rationally the assembling of subsystem, thereby the noise of subsystem is further descended.We have pointed out that in fact the machine system noise depends on the noise of front end, and therefore, the plane integrated technology further gets a promotion machine performance.Plane integrated technology biggest advantage is the thermal resistance height, and the cold consumption of subsystem cold head is little, can carry more device at equal refrigeration work consumption lower plane integrated technology like this.For example same the cool machine of system can carry a plurality of super wave guides, perhaps other device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a wind-warm syndrome profile radar structured flowchart;
Fig. 2 is a superhet radar receiver structured flowchart;
Fig. 3 only contains the radar front end subsystem of low noise amplifier and the noise temperature of each several part;
Fig. 4 is the high thermal resistance microwave sub-system structural representation that is used for weather radar receiver front end among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the super conductive filter shielding box structure schematic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the high thermal resistance microwave sub-system internal structure that is used for weather radar receiver front end among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of heat transfer plate among the present invention;
Fig. 8 a is a profile of can structure among the present invention;
Fig. 8 b is another profile of can structure among the present invention;
Fig. 8 c is another profile of can structure among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is that a kind of centre frequency is the test result curve chart of the super conductive filter of 1300MHz among the present invention;
Figure 10 is the planar structure schematic diagram of a kind of super conductive filter among the present invention.
Embodiment:
Microwave sub-system in the embodiment 1 wind-warm syndrome profile radar receiver front end
The wind-warm syndrome profile radar is the system that is constituted jointly by wind profile radar and acoustic transmitter, and its structure is seen Fig. 1.The main part of this system---wind profile radar is a kind of pulse Doppler radar in essence.Present embodiment is the microwave sub-system that is used for this radar receiver front end, and this microwave sub-system is placed between the receipts/switch and frequency mixer of radar.
Microwave sub-system in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 4, comprises low noise amplifier 2, microstrip transmission line 4, can, refrigeration machine 7 and the temperature controller 8 of super conductive filter 1, Surface Mount version; Described super conductive filter 1 comprises high-temperature superconductor shielding box and the superconductive pellet 12 that places in the high-temperature superconductor shielding box; The output of described super conductive filter 1 is electrically connected with low noise amplifier 2 by microstrip transmission line 4, and the two is installed on the heat transfer plate 9, and the bottom of heat transfer plate 9 is fixed on the cold head of refrigeration machine 7; Input SMA microwave connector 14 and output SMA microwave connector 5 are installed on the described can, are electrically connected with the input of described super conductive filter 1 and the output of described low noise amplifier 2 respectively.Various piece of the present invention is described respectively below.
The low noise amplifier of Surface Mount version is a product of selecting for use producer to provide.Require this amplifier to descend operate as normal at cryogenic conditions (77K).Adopt the SP-1 type low noise amplifier (this product carries shielding box) of 13 of the ministrys of electronics industry in the present embodiment, table 1 is the low noise amplifier running parameter at low temperatures that manufacturer provides.
f min f max Multiplication factor G Noise factor The 1dB compression point Standing-wave ratio Electric current
0.1(G) 2(G) 30(dB) 0.2(dB) 5(dBm) 1.5:1 100(mA)
Table 1
The refrigeration machine that adopts in the present embodiment is the POLARSC-7 type Stirling mini refrigerating machine that German Laybold company produces.
The index of the super conductive filter centre frequency in the present embodiment is f 0=1300MHz, bandwidth 10MHz.This Filter Structures as shown in figure 10.Adopt eight folder shape resonator linear array to form (a kind of folder shape resonator of Cai Yonging, its profile has seen foreign literature) here.Design work is carried out under the support of Sonnet software, centre frequency f as requested 0=1300MHz, the size of folder shape resonator is 7 * 3.4mm, live width is 0.4mm, by the given coefficient of chebyshev function, can obtain as shown in figure 10 domain by Computer Simulation.Above process belongs to existing known technology.
The superconduction double-side membrane that this super conductive filter employing is substrate with MgO is as base material, and each relevant parameter is as follows: DIELECTRIC CONSTANT r=10, critical temperature T c87K, critical current j c2 * 10 6A/cm 2, surface resistance R s＜600m Ω.Utilize existing technology and technology, finish making by photoetching, dry etching, cutting etc.Above manufacture craft also belongs to known technology.
Among the present invention the measurement of super conductive filter utilize network analyzer HP8510C at low temperatures (≤77K) carry out, super conductive filter is placed on the cold head of refrigeration machine, is connected with outside network analyzer by cable.Fig. 9 is the result of this filter measurement.S wherein 11Be coverage diagram, S 21Be transfer curve, Fig. 9 shows super conductive filter reflection characteristic among the present invention less than-15dB, and transmission characteristic all reaches designing requirement greater than-0.3dB.
The structure of shielding box is as follows, with reference to figure 5,
The superconductive pellet of super conductive filter is placed in the shielding box of Surface Mount structure, and this shielding box comprises lid 18, cassette holder 13, transition microstrip line 3.Have the screw 16 of mounting screw on two avris of described cassette holder; The cassette holder two ends have gap, let slip on the gap and cross microstrip line 3; The cassette holder below has screw, supplies fixedly SMA microwave connector usefulness; Fixing hole 16 and tuning screw 17 are arranged on the lid.Described super conductive filter shielding box has two kinds of functions.Such shielding first tuber function, promptly at the two ends of box model being installed is the connector of SMA-KFD39, and super conductive filter is linked to each other with connector by the little band of transition, realizes the input and the output of signal.Such shielding box can place separately under the low temperature, realizes tuning to filter by transferring the position that relies the lid screwing.It two is Surface Mount functions.Remove the SMA-KFD39 connector on the shielding box after tuning, be placed on then on the special cold head heat transfer plate, the transition microstrip line on it is linked to each other with microstrip transmission line.
The fly line technology is one of key of the present invention, and Theoretical Calculation and experiment show that all the diameter of welding position, line of length, the line of fly line is not only very big to the thermal resistance influence, and the reflection and the loss of microwave also had a significant impact.Should be noted that to want thermal resistance big, fly line is long more, the more little effect in line footpath is good more, but so microwave property is just poor more, and the two is conflicting, need take into account.Among the present invention, two microstrip lines are disconnected,, use fine wire (line footpath 0.03-0.15mm) welding then at a distance of 1-4mm.If only with an one metal wire solo flight, the solo flight line will be welded in the centre of little band, this connection thermal resistance is big but microwave property is poor; Round trip flight, two lines will be welded in the both sides of little band with two wires, do like this that microwave property can significantly improve but thermal resistance will reduce half.In general the connection solo flight of amplifier power supply line is so that increase thermal resistance.The fly line that connects output also can be used solo flight, does the noise effect of system little like this.Input can be selected round trip flight.In the present embodiment, wire adopts spun gold to make.
Surface Mount amplifier and Surface Mount shielding box all are mounted on the cold head heat transfer plate 20 of a particular design.As shown in Figure 7, for the output that makes all devices is gone into end and microstrip transmission line all at grade, heat transfer plate has two rectangular recess 21 and 23, the poor degree of depth is by the thickness decision of shielding box and the little band plate of surface-mount type amplifier, the principle of design be should allow microstrip line 4, excessively little with 3, the lead-out wire of surface-mount type amplifier all at grade.In groove, have screw 24 is installed, respectively shielding box and amplifier are fixed in the groove with screw.The copper-clad plate that is loaded with microstrip line also is installed on the screw 24 with screw.Four holes 22 of laying sunk screw are arranged in groove 21, be used for the cold head plate is fixed on the cold head.Act on importantly though the structure of heat transfer plate is simple, use red copper fine finishining and gold-plated.
The vacuum envelope of refrigeration machine is made with stainless steel, and it is divided into seal casinghousing and seal cover two parts.
Various seal nipples are housed on the seal casinghousing, comprise input and output sealing SMA connector, link to each other with the input of super conductive filter and the output of low noise amplifier respectively; The sealed electrical source connector is drawn the direct current supply line of low noise amplifier; And refrigeration machine temperature-controlling system hermetically sealed connector, the temperature probe in the refrigeration machine is linked to each other with the outer temperature control equipment of electric calorifie installation and machine.
Seal cover is the vitals that is used for keeping vacuum, protection microwave sub-system, ease of assembly and maintenance; the sealing of refrigeration machine is mainly finished by seal cover and sealing flange; adopt the design of a kind of edge of a knife and metal o-ring, have the characteristics of long term seal, reliable operation.Fig. 8 a-8c has shown this structure, and metal o-ring adopts copper plate to make, and thickness is 0.5mm.Salable bleeding point is housed, (vacuum degree≤2 x 10 when finishing on the sidewall on the seal casinghousing when bleeding -4Pa), bleeding point is sealed fully.Above-mentioned vacuum technology belongs to known technology.
With reference to figure 6, in the present embodiment, toroidal carriage 10 of welding is fixed copper-clad plate of a media fibers plate or aluminium oxide ceramics copper-clad plate on the inwall of vacuum envelope on this carriage 10, etches microstrip transmission line and two direct current lead-in wires in copper-clad plate.Microstrip transmission line joins by the output and the input SMA microwave connector 14 outside the vacuum seal shell (or output SMA microwave connector 5) of fly line technology with low noise amplifier.Two DC power supply lead-in wires on the low noise amplifier 2 are received on little being with by fly line technical battery, and little band links to each other with the power connection 19 of vacuum envelope.
The present invention has carried out contrast test on the boundary layer wind-warm syndrome profile radar that Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 23 is developed.
In high-temperature superconductor meteorological radar front end and contrast test that boundary layer wind-warm syndrome profile radar matches, result of the test shows, the more original subsystem of sensitivity has improved 5.1dB after adding the high-temperature superconductor front end, the insertion loss (about 0.8dB) of deduction R/T switch, and reality has improved 4.3dB.
In the anti-interference test, interference signal is used the miniature antenna feed-in.Test shows the antijamming capability of high-temperature superconductor system, in 3MHz resolution bandwidth measurement result, has improved 49dB.
In addition, be applied in the wind-warm syndrome profile radar receiver front end though it should be noted that present embodiment, understand easily, the present invention also can be applied in other various weather radar receiver front ends simultaneously.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end comprises: super conductive filter (1), low noise amplifier (2); It is characterized in that, also comprise microstrip transmission line (4), can (11), refrigeration machine (7) and temperature controller (8); Described low noise amplifier is the low noise amplifier of Surface Mount version; Described super conductive filter (1) comprises high-temperature superconductor shielding box and the superconductive pellet (12) that places in the high-temperature superconductor shielding box; The output of described super conductive filter (1) is electrically connected with low noise amplifier (2) by microstrip transmission line (4), described super conductive filter (1) and low noise amplifier (2) are installed on the heat transfer plate (9), and the bottom of heat transfer plate (9) is fixed on the cold head of refrigeration machine (7); Input SMA microwave connector (14) and output SMA microwave connector (5) are installed on the described can, are electrically connected with the input of described super conductive filter (1) and the output of described low noise amplifier (2) respectively; Described high-temperature superconductor shielding box comprises lid (18) and cassette holder (13), and superconductive pellet (12) places cassette holder (13) bottom, and cassette holder (13) two ends have gap; Settle transition microstrip line (3) on this gap, the superconductive micro-strip line on described transition microstrip line (3) one ends and the superconductive pellet (12) is bonding by elargol, the other end and microstrip transmission line (4) welding; The other screw (15) that is used for fixing the SMA microwave connector that has of described gap; Have fixing hole (16) on described lid (18) and the cassette holder (13), have tuning screw (17) on the described lid (18).
2, by the described microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end of claim 1, it is characterized in that, connect by microstrip transmission line (4) and metal fly line (6) between the input of described input SMA microwave connector (14), super conductive filter (1); Also connect between the output of described output SMA microwave connector (5), low noise amplifier (2) by microstrip transmission line and metal fly line; Described metal fly line is to be connected two sections fine wires between the microstrip transmission line, and described metal fly line diameter is between 0.03-0.15mm.
By the described microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, the superconductive pellet of described super conductive filter (12) is by the high-temperature superconducting thin film material.
By the described microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end of claim 1, it is characterized in that 4, described microstrip transmission line is by medium copper-clad plate material.
By the described microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end of claim 1, it is characterized in that 5, described transition microstrip line is by medium copper-clad plate material.
By the described microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end of claim 2, it is characterized in that 6, described metal fly line is by the spun gold material.
7, by the described microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end of claim 1, it is characterized in that, cold head temperature in the described vacuum envelope (11) is less than 77K, and vacuum envelope is equipped with air extractor on (11), and pressure is less than 10 in the back cavity of bleeding -3Pa.
By the described microwave sub-system that is used for the high thermal resistance of weather radar receiver front end of claim 1, it is characterized in that 8, the loop bracket (10) in order to the microstrip transmission line that supports output, input is equipped with in described vacuum envelope inboard.
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