CN100538400C - Method for oil-gas detection by using seismic lithology factor and lithology impedance - Google Patents
Method for oil-gas detection by using seismic lithology factor and lithology impedance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a geophysical prospecting technology for petroleum, in particular to a method for carrying out oil-gas detection by utilizing seismic lithology factors and lithology impedance. Firstly, calculating lithologic impedance change rate by using a lithologic impedance curve, and performing convolution with seismic wavelets to obtain synthetic lithologic factor records; then calibrating the synthetic lithology factor record and the lithology factor track beside the well; then establishing an initial lithologic impedance model by logging lithologic impedance; and finally, realizing model-based iterative inversion from the lithology factor to the lithology impedance by the seismic wavelet and the initial model. The invention reduces the explained multi-solution, and for three types of AVO response, the amplitude values of lithology factors are higher, and the corresponding lithology impedance is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the geophysical prospecting for oil technology, is a kind of method of utilizing lithologic seismic factor and lithology impedance to carry out oil and gas detection.
Background technology
Seismic prospecting in the past is to utilize seismic data to carry out structure elucidation, seeks hydrocarbon-bearing pool by structural trapping.Along with the increase of degree of prospecting, the searching lithologic deposit is transferred to from seek tectonic structure hydrocarbon-bearing pool singlely in the technique center of seismic prospecting, finds that the shared proportion of lithologic trap hydrocarbon-bearing pool increases year by year.Conventional lithologic seismic recognition methods mainly relies on wave impedance, there is the multi-solution that is difficult to overcome in itself, therefore seek a kind of effective lithology recognition technology for the lithology, the fluid identification that solve lithologic deposit, improving the exploration success ratio has obvious practical significance.
The signal that is used for seismic prospecting mainly is compressional wave and shear wave, and they are the reflections to underground wave impedance of rock difference, and wave impedance is the product of speed and density.That is to say, carry out the reservoir description according to seismic data and can only utilize longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and density, and can not have the logging trace of various different petrophysical properties to utilize as well-log information.Known by the rock physics analysis: any one in compressional wave, shear wave velocity and the density all can not be determined lithology uniquely, when carrying out lithologic interpretation, each parameter all has multi-solution, the multi-solution of this multi-solution and wave impedance inversion technique is different, can not overcome by algorithm.
Current to utilize seismic data to carry out lithology identification mainly be poststack compressional wave data, and inversion method has two kinds: the one, and wave impedance inversion method (Lindseth, 1979) utilizes wave impedance to carry out lithologic interpretation; The 2nd, attribute inversion method (Hampson etc., 2001) extracts property parameters by the compressional wave data, and attribute is connected with well-log information such as Gr, uses neural network method directly to carry out lithological inversion.Wave impedance inversion method explicit physical meaning, but have the explanation multi-solution as previously mentioned.Neural net method is directly simple, but physical significance is indeterminate, and the relation between attribute and the lithology is beyond expression of words, so that people hold the suspicious attitude to the inversion result away from well.
Indication using prestack seismic amplitude also can be carried out lithology identification (Hilterman, 2001) with skew according to changing (AVO) attribute, but the multi-solution of AVO feature and analytical approach qualitatively, prospect is also bad.The elastic wave impedance technology that latest developments are got up, by the elastic wave impedance of research different incidence angles and the figure that crosses between the logging trace Gr, determine best relevant incident angle, the elastic wave impedance of this angle correspondence just can reflect lithology, the key of this method is how incident angle is selected, different regional rules may be different, sometimes even surpass the maximum angle that earthquake-capturing reached.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of utilize lithologic seismic factor and lithology impedance that fully utilizes multiple petrophysical parameter, the conventional lithology identification of reduction multi-solution and carries out the method for oil and gas detection.
The present invention implements by the following technical programs, and step is as follows:
1) obtains longitudinal and transverse ripple log data by conventional logging, from obtaining the lithology impedance curve;
2) utilize following formula, directly from seismic data, extract lithology factor section Δ L/L by the method for linear fit,
R in the formula (θ) is road, a prestack CDP angle collection record, f
1(θ), f
2(θ) be the function of angle θ, I
pWith Δ I
pBe p-wave impedance and variable quantity thereof, L and Δ L are lithology impedance and variable quantity thereof;
3) utilize the lithology impedance curve calculation lithology impedance rate of change R that is converted to by log data
l(t), again it and seismic wavelet w (t) convolution, obtain synthetic the lithology factor record d (t), i.e. d (t)=R
l(t) * w (t), lithology impedance rate of change R
l(t)=Δ ln (L (t));
4) contrast step 3 writes down the lithology factor section that extracts with step 2 by the synthetic lithology factor of log data from seismic data, and the geology key horizon in the block is mapped on the lithologic seismic factor road;
5) adopt distance weighted interpolation method to set up the lithology impedance initial model by the WELL LITHOLOGY impedance curve;
6) utilize seismic wavelet, initial model just to realize the iterative inversion based on model of the lithology factor, obtain final lithology impedance section, carry out the horizontal tracking that lithology identification and fluid distribute to lithology impedance.
The present invention also implements by the following technical programs:
The described lithology impedance curve of step 1) is that the log data of longitudinal and transverse ripple obtains the lithology impedance curve.
The described lithology impedance curve of step 1) when there not being the SWAL data, utilizing rock physics dielectric model and Gassmann equation structure plan SWAL data to carry out the lithology impedance curve again and is converted to.
The described lithology impedance curve of step 1) when there not being the SWAL data, converting the lithology impedance curve to according to the experimental formula of well logging gamma ray curve (Gr) and the foundation of known lithology impedance and obtains.
The present invention has reduced the multi-solution of explaining, for three class AVO response, the amplitude of the lithology factor is all higher, and corresponding lithology impedance all shows as low value.The lithology impedance inversion technique is the inversion method of single parameter, unlike the AVO prestack elastic parameter inversion of routine, need inverting compressional wave and shear wave impedance profile simultaneously, utilize longitudinal and transverse wave impedance to carry out lithologic interpretation, avoid the error transfer effect, obtained the higher inversion result of precision.Lithology factor section is the indication lithology directly, and the lithology impedance section can carry out the thickness interpretation of reservoir and the quantitative description of physical parameter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a lithology impedance inversion technique process flow diagram of the present invention;
The present invention according to well-log information estimation lithology impedance curve, makes lithology impedance composite traces by lithology impedance curve and seismic wavelet convolution from earthquake, well-log information, demarcates with well lie lithology factor section; Utilize the lithology impedance inversion method of new objective function foundation based on model.
Fig. 2 is the lithology impedance of the present invention's well objective interval and the X plot of WELL LITHOLOGY curve (Gr);
Visible correlativity is fine among the figure, and related coefficient reaches 85%, can make a distinction mutually between gas sand, dry sand rock and the mud stone, and lithology impedance is minimum during reservoir gas-bearing.Utilize the present invention can identify lithology well.
Fig. 3 is the lithology factor section that the CDP road collection after the normal moveout correction extracts;
The four-hole well is arranged on the section, and wherein only being positioned at the crow of structure lower position, to join 1 well be a high gas rate well, and other three mouthfuls are all dry-well, and crow ginseng 1 well is corresponding to the high value of the lithology factor as can be seen, and dry-well is corresponding to lithology factor low value.
Fig. 4 is the lithology impedance section that is obtained by the inverting of the lithology factor;
The lithology impedance value of gas-bearing formation shows as low value (red and yellow band), to according to draw 2 wells gradually transition be high value, draw 2 gas well gas layers disappearance (green background) to complying with.In addition, join the east of 1 well and according to drawing the west of 2 wells to grow the lateral extent sand body of narrower (being about 2km) separately crow.As seen the lithology impedance section has reduced the multi-solution of sound impedance section explanation gas-bearing formation, has improved horizontal tracking precision.
Specific embodiments
The core of lithology impedance inversion technique has two aspects: the one, extract the lithology impedance curve that reflects rock signature according to petrophysical parameter; The 2nd, extract the lithology factor section that reflects underground lithological change according to seismic data; Utilize lithology factor section to carry out the lithology impedance inverting then, directly carry out lithology identification, carry out the fluid forecast of distribution further by the lithology impedance section.
The lithology impedance curve is the function of the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity ratio of rock, and it can extract in the longitudinal and transverse ripple logging trace from well-log information.The AVO formula that lithology factor section utilizes the present invention to reconfigure, AVO are the abbreviations of English Amplitude Versus Offset, directly extract from seismic data by the method for linear fit.
The lithology impedance inversion technique is at first utilized lithology impedance curve calculation lithology impedance rate of change, with the seismic wavelet convolution, obtains synthetic lithology factor record; Then synthetic lithology factor record and the other lithology factor of well road are demarcated; Then set up initial lithology impedance model by the WELL LITHOLOGY impedance; Realize the iterative inversion based on model of the lithology factor by seismic wavelet, initial model at last to lithology impedance.Concrete implementation step is as follows:
1) extract the lithology impedance curve in the longitudinal and transverse ripple logging trace from well-log information, lithology impedance is the function of the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity of rock, is defined by the present invention.To the well-log information of longitudinal and transverse ripple is arranged, lithology impedance can directly be converted to.As do not have the SWAL data, and can utilize rock physics dielectric model and Gassmann equation to construct plan shear wave data and change (Hilterman, 2001) again, also can directly convert the lithology impedance curve to according to the experimental formula of Fig. 2 by the Gr log data;
2) the AVO formula that utilizes the present invention to reconfigure directly extracts lithology factor section by the method for linear fit from seismic data.The AVO formula of combination is
F in the formula
1(θ), f
2(θ) be the function of angle θ, I
pWith Δ I
pBe p-wave impedance and variable quantity thereof, L and Δ L are lithology impedance and variable quantity thereof;
3) utilize lithology impedance curve calculation lithology impedance rate of change R
l(t), again it and seismic wavelet convolution w (t), obtain synthetic lithology factor record d (t), promptly
d(t)＝R
l(t)*w(t)。
Lithology impedance rate of change R
l(t)=Δ ln (L (t));
4) (the other lithology factor road of the well of step 3) and extraction (step 2) compares demarcation to synthetic lithology factor record, sets up the substratum of well logging and the relation between the seismic horizon;
5) set up initial lithology impedance model by the WELL LITHOLOGY impedance curve, it adopts distance weighted interpolation method;
6) utilize seismic wavelet, initial model just to realize the iterative inversion based on model of the lithology factor, obtain final lithology impedance section, carry out the horizontal tracking that lithology identification and fluid distribute to lithology impedance.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method of utilizing lithologic seismic factor and lithology impedance to carry out oil and gas detection is characterized in that concrete implementation step is as follows:
1) obtains longitudinal and transverse ripple log data by conventional logging, thereby obtain the lithology impedance curve;
2) utilize following formula, directly from seismic data, extract lithology factor section Δ L/L by the method for linear fit,
R in the formula (θ) is road, a prestack CDP angle collection record, f
1(θ), f
2(θ) be the function of angle θ, I
pWith Δ I
pBe p-wave impedance and variable quantity thereof, L and Δ L are lithology impedance and variable quantity thereof;
3) utilize the lithology impedance curve calculation lithology impedance rate of change R that is converted to by log data
l(t), again it and seismic wavelet w (t) convolution, obtain synthetic the lithology factor record d (t), i.e. d (t)=R
l(t) * w (t), lithology impedance rate of change R
l(t)=Δ ln (L (t));
4) the synthetic lithology factor record and step 2 that are obtained by log data of contrast step 3)) the lithology factor section that extracts from seismic data is mapped to the geology key horizon in the block on the lithologic seismic factor road;
5) adopt distance weighted interpolation method to set up the lithology impedance initial model by the lithology impedance curve;
6) utilize seismic wavelet, lithology impedance initial model to realize the iterative inversion based on model of the lithology factor, obtain final lithology impedance section, carry out the horizontal tracking that lithology identification and fluid distribute to lithology impedance.
2, a kind of method of utilizing lithologic seismic factor and lithology impedance to carry out oil and gas detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described lithology impedance curve of step 1) is that the log data by existing longitudinal and transverse ripple directly obtains.
3, a kind of method of utilizing lithologic seismic factor and lithology impedance to carry out oil and gas detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described lithology impedance curve of step 1), when there not being the SWAL data, utilizing rock physics dielectric model and Gassmann equation to make up plan SWAL data and be converted to the lithology impedance curve again.
4, a kind of method of utilizing lithologic seismic factor and lithology impedance to carry out oil and gas detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described lithology impedance curve of step 1), when there not being the SWAL data, the experimental formula of setting up according to log well gamma ray curve and known lithology impedance converts the lithology impedance curve to.
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| CN110749928B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2021-09-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Calcareous sandstone identification method and device |
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