CN102121995A - Seismic inversion reservoir stratum forecasting method for overthrust-containing complex structure - Google Patents
Seismic inversion reservoir stratum forecasting method for overthrust-containing complex structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seismic inversion reservoir stratum forecasting method for an overthrust-containing complex structure, and relates to the technical field of a method for forecasting reservoir strata in oil-gas exploration and development. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) extracting seismic wavelets; (2) demarcating a geologic horizon by well logging data, and corresponding the time-depth relation of the well logging data and seismic data one by one; (3) importing a seismic interpretation horizon and a seismic interpretation fault, and establishing an initial model of seismic inversion by an overthrust-containing modeling method; (4) calculating an inversion result by a model-based inversion algorithm; and (5) performing seismic interpretation on the seismic inversion result. When the method is used, the seismic inversion of the reservoir strata of the overthrust-containing complex structure makes the breaking points distinct and the heading side data of the fault credible and increases the forecastable area, and the problem that the fault area of the seismic inversion reservoir stratum forecasting of the overthrust-containing complex structure in the conventional seismic exploration is difficult to interpret is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in the oil-gas exploration and development Reservoir Prediction method and technology field is especially related to the seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir in the field of seismic exploration.
Background technology
Seismologic record is that the seismic wavelet that focus produces propagates into the underground result who is recorded after the earthquake of reflecting interface reflected back that runs into.It has been generally acknowledged that seismic event is propagated in underground medium can be simplified to the Wilson model equation, and promptly seismologic record is the convolution result of seismic wavelet and reflection coefficient sequence.The speed that seismic event is propagated in underground medium is influenced by physical parameters such as density of medium, factor of porosity, fluid type, fluid content, the effect of underground medium just is equivalent to a wave filter, therefore, the seismic signal of ground reception is the comprehensive response of underground medium.
Seismic inversion is a general designation of asking for the solution of inverse problems of underground medium physical parameter according to reflection seimogram.The seismic inversion method mainly contains integration, sparse pulse inverting, the inverting based on model, stochastic inverse scheduling algorithm at present.But these Inversion Calculation are all calculated under trap-down or unfaulted model, when the stratum contains trap-up, otherwise separately twice calculating of upper lower burrs, or cast out trap-up information, and can't finish the Inversion Calculation that contains trap-up.Yet, development along with the seismic prospecting exploitation has carried out the transition to the complex structure exploration stage now, and containing the contrary tectonic structure of covering fracture has become geological phenomenon very general in the exploratory development, as the document source is " coal field geology and exploration ", the author damp people that associate with; Xie Weidong, publication date is 1999 01 phases, the periodical file of a piece of writing by name " B_2 coal seam, lotus colliery overthrust fault Prediction Exploration " has proposed a kind of new quantitative forecast forecasting procedure---the high differential technique of opposite layer spacing by analysis and research to a kind of special overthrust fault of occurring in the B coal group lower leaf B2 coal seam, lotus colliery.
But the inversion method of the described routine of above-mentioned prior art still can't solve and contain overthrust fault upper lower burrs Inversion Calculation and can't once calculate and finish and the technical matters of footwall information dropout, can't satisfy the needs of research and production.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of complex structure and contain the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, the invention solves in the prior art the existing overthrust fault upper lower burrs Inversion Calculation that contains can't once calculate and finish, technical matters with footwall information dropout, and can be to containing the geologic model upper lower burrs while Inversion Calculation of trap-up, comprehensive utilization upper lower burrs data, increased the measurable area of seismic inversion reservoir prediction, make inversion result footwall data credible, the tomography breakpoint is clear, the reservoir sharpness of border.
The present invention realizes by adopting following technical proposals:
A kind of complex structure contains the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, it is characterized in that step comprises:
(1) extracts seismic wavelet w with logging trace and geological data
i(t) or make theoretical seismic wavelet w
i(t), theoretical seismic wavelet and extraction seismic wavelet are the same parameters that distinct methods obtains.
(2) the convolution mathematics physics model of base area seismic wave propagation, make theogram Si (t)=wi (t) * Ri (t) with logging trace, wherein Si (t) is theogram, wi (t) is seismic wavelet or theoretical seismic wavelet, * be the convolution operator, the reflection coefficient sequence of Ri (t) for calculating by logging trace;
Theogram is compared with crossing the well seismic section, determine between seismic section and the logging trace the time concern deeply;
(3) import seismic interpretation layer position and tomography, outside fault region, adopt normal modeling pattern promptly to adopt weighting scheme interpolation between the logging trace well, with in fault region, be toplap, baselap or integrate and determine the logging trace interpolation method according to formation contact, toplap is bottom-up value, and baselap is value from up to down, is integrated into and rounds segment value, finish interpolation work after the value of having got, set up the seismic inversion initial model;
(4) original earthquake data and initial model data are encrypted resampling, compartment model when initial modeling is set up according to seismic inversion promptly is divided into the outer and interior two kinds of patterns of fault region of fault region, and piecemeal loads and calculates, the employing method of conjugate gradient is found the solution, and calculates inversion result;
(5) to the inversion result of trying to achieve cut into slices, processing such as filtration, carry out geologic interpretation.
Seismic wavelet extraction in above-mentioned steps (1), can adopt statistic law to extract seismic wavelet by geological data separately, also can extract seismic wavelet by geological data and sound wave logging trace, density logging curve with correlation method, theoretical seismic wavelet can be a Ricker wavelet, also can be the logical wavelet of band.
In above-mentioned (2) step, when composite traces and seismic section contrast, at first according to the initial velocity scope of geology individual-layer data and seismic section, determine the prime area of composite traces and the corresponding interval of seismic section, compare the ripple stack features of composite traces and seismic section then, calculate related coefficient, move up and down and adjust the composite traces position, up to on seismic section ripple stack features is corresponding, and related coefficient reaches maximum, just can obtain concerning deeply when corresponding.
In above-mentioned (3) step, the foundation of inverting initial model, control data are the seismic interpretation layer position and the layer datas of input, promptly according to every layer control, with logging trace interpolation spatially, in fault region, then need to add in addition the control constraint of contact relation.
In above-mentioned (4) step, encrypting resamples need decide according to the length of inverting permissible accuracy with the data that participate in Inversion Calculation, and generally resample 1ms or 0.5ms just can meet the demands.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reached is as follows:
1, because the present invention adopts the formed technical scheme of (1) to (5) step, and especially in (3) step said according to fault region the outer and built-in inverting initial model that on the spot shakes of fault region, with regard to energy while computed tomography upper lower burrs, can save the workload that at least 1/2 initial model is set up, the initial model data of footwall are more accurate, lay a solid foundation for containing the contrary Inversion Calculation of covering fracture.
2, in above-mentioned (4) step, adopt above-mentioned (3) technical scheme, the upper lower burrs of Inversion Calculation overthrust fault simultaneously, can save at least 1/2 workload, the inversion result of footwall is more credible, can be used for carrying out reservoir prediction, therefore measurable area increases, reservoir border performance with faults control is obvious, and the present invention can solve the reservoir integrated forecasting problem that contains overthrust fault, and the reservoir prediction in the corresponding oil-gas exploration and development, oil and gas detection etc. all have direct effect.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the seismic wavelet synoptic diagram that extracts among the present invention
Fig. 2 is a dark calibration result synoptic diagram when making composite traces among the present invention
Fig. 3 is the seismic inversion initial model synoptic diagram of setting up among the present invention
Fig. 4 is the poststack inverting diagrammatic cross-section that obtains among the present invention
Fig. 5 is the prestack inversion p-wave impedance synoptic diagram that obtains among the present invention
Fig. 6 is the prestack inversion shear wave impedance synoptic diagram that obtains among the present invention
Fig. 7 is the prestack inversion density profile synoptic diagram that obtains among the present invention
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of complex structure and contain the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, step comprises:
(1) extracts seismic wavelet w with logging trace and geological data
i(t) or make theoretical seismic wavelet w
i(t), extracting seismic wavelet and theoretical seismic wavelet is the seismic wavelet that distinct methods obtains;
(2) the convolution mathematics physics model of base area seismic wave propagation, make theogram Si (t)=wi (t) * Ri (t) with logging trace, wherein Si (t) is theogram, wi (t) is seismic wavelet or theoretical seismic wavelet, * be the convolution operator, the reflection coefficient sequence of Ri (t) for calculating by logging trace;
Theogram is compared with crossing the well seismic section, determine between seismic section and the logging trace the time concern deeply;
(3) import seismic interpretation layer position and tomography, outside fault region, adopt normal modeling pattern promptly to adopt weighting scheme interpolation between the logging trace well, with in fault region, be toplap, baselap or integrate and determine the logging trace interpolation method according to formation contact, toplap is bottom-up value, and baselap is value from up to down, is integrated into and rounds segment value, finish interpolation work after the value of having got, set up the seismic inversion initial model;
(4) original earthquake data and initial model data are encrypted resampling, compartment model when initial modeling is set up according to seismic inversion promptly is divided into the outer and interior two kinds of patterns of fault region of fault region, and piecemeal loads and calculates, the employing method of conjugate gradient is found the solution, and calculates inversion result;
(5) to the inversion result of trying to achieve cut into slices, processing such as filtration, carry out geologic interpretation.
On the basis of the foregoing description 1, preferred forms of the present invention is, seismic wavelet extraction in above-mentioned steps (1), can adopt statistic law to extract seismic wavelet by geological data separately, also can extract seismic wavelet by geological data and sound wave logging trace, density logging curve with correlation method, theoretical seismic wavelet can be a Ricker wavelet, also can be the logical wavelet of band.In above-mentioned (2) step, when composite traces and seismic section contrast, at first according to the initial velocity scope of geology individual-layer data and seismic section, determine the prime area of composite traces and the corresponding interval of seismic section, compare the ripple stack features of composite traces and seismic section then, calculate related coefficient, related coefficient is the title of a kind of parameter in this area, say with English and to be Correlation coefficient, rather than Relatedcoefficient.Move up and down and adjust the composite traces position, up to on seismic section ripple stack features is corresponding, just can obtain concerning deeply when corresponding.In above-mentioned (3) step, the foundation of inverting initial model, control data are the seismic interpretation layer position and the layer datas of input, promptly according to every layer control, with logging trace interpolation spatially, in fault region, then need to add in addition the control constraint of contact relation.In above-mentioned (4) step, encrypting resamples need decide according to the length of inverting permissible accuracy with the data that participate in Inversion Calculation, and generally resample 1ms or 0.5ms just can meet the demands.All the other are with embodiment 1.
Another specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows, reaches further specifying of following embodiment by the description of above content of the present invention being done, and those skilled in the art can realize purpose of the present invention.Yet this embodiment is a part of the present invention, can not be as limiting the scope of the invention.
The seismic inversion method that contains overthrust fault of below carrying out, it implements purpose is bigger than the measurable area of seismic inversion result that conventional method obtains in order to prove the inversion result section that adopts principle of the present invention to obtain, the fault region prediction is more accurate.
According to the step (1) of the method for the invention, with the DU3 well and the geological data extraction seismic wavelet wi (t) in DKH work area, the result who is obtained as shown in Figure 1.Wherein transverse axis is a time delay, and the longitudinal axis is amplitude (having made normalized).
According to the step (2) of the method for the invention, the composite traces that the DU3 well in usefulness DKH work area and geological data are made and the relativity of seismic section are as shown in Figure 2.Left side axle is the time, and right axis is the degree of depth, and the formation time and the degree of depth concern one to one the time deeply.
According to the step (3) of the method for the invention, set up the inverting initial model that 452 survey line seismic sections of DU3 well are crossed in the DKH work area, as shown in Figure 3.
According to the step (4) of the method for the invention, Inversion Calculation goes out the DKH work area and crosses 452 survey line poststack wave impedance inversion sections (Fig. 4) of DU3 well and pre-stack seismic inverting section (Fig. 5-Fig. 7).
After using this method, the architectonic Inversion Calculation efficient that contains trap-up significantly improves, and reliable in the fault region result calculated, the data of footwall are credible, can be used for carrying out reservoir prediction, and therefore measurable area increases.Reservoir border performance with faults control is obvious.The present invention can solve the reservoir integrated forecasting problem that contains overthrust fault, and the reservoir prediction in the corresponding oil-gas exploration and development, oil and gas detection etc. all have direct effect.
Claims (6)
1. a complex structure contains the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, it is characterized in that step comprises:
(1) extracts seismic wavelet w with logging trace and geological data
i(t) or make theoretical seismic wavelet w
i(t);
(2) the convolution mathematics physics model of base area seismic wave propagation, make theogram Si (t)=wi (t) * Ri (t) with logging trace, wherein Si (t) is theogram, wi (t) is seismic wavelet or theoretical seismic wavelet, * be the convolution operator, the reflection coefficient sequence of Ri (t) for calculating by logging trace;
Theogram is compared with crossing the well seismic section, determine between seismic section and the logging trace the time concern deeply;
(3) import seismic interpretation layer position and tomography, outside fault region, adopt normal modeling pattern promptly to adopt weighting scheme interpolation between the logging trace well, with in fault region, be toplap, baselap or integrate and determine the logging trace interpolation method according to formation contact, toplap is bottom-up value, and baselap is value from up to down, is integrated into and rounds segment value, finish interpolation work after the value of having got, set up the seismic inversion initial model;
(4) original earthquake data and initial model data are encrypted resampling, compartment model when initial modeling is set up according to seismic inversion promptly is divided into the outer and interior two kinds of patterns of fault region of fault region, and piecemeal loads and calculates, the employing method of conjugate gradient is found the solution, and calculates inversion result;
(5) to the inversion result of trying to achieve cut into slices, filtration treatment, carry out geologic interpretation.
2. complex structure according to claim 1 contains the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, it is characterized in that: the seismic wavelet extraction in above-mentioned steps (1), adopt statistic law to extract seismic wavelet by geological data separately, perhaps adopt correlation method to extract seismic wavelet by geological data and sound wave logging trace, density logging curve.
3. complex structure according to claim 1 and 2 contains the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, and it is characterized in that: theoretical seismic wavelet is a Ricker wavelet, or the logical wavelet of band.
4. complex structure according to claim 3 contains the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned (2) step, when composite traces and seismic section contrast, at first according to the initial velocity scope of geology individual-layer data and seismic section, determine the prime area of composite traces and the corresponding interval of seismic section, the ripple stack features that compares composite traces and seismic section then, calculate related coefficient, move up and down and adjust the composite traces position, up to on seismic section ripple stack features is corresponding, just obtain concerning deeply when corresponding.
5. complex structure according to claim 4 contains the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned (3) step, the foundation of inverting initial model, control data is the seismic interpretation layer position and the layer data of input, promptly according to every layer control, with logging trace interpolation spatially, in fault region, then need to add in addition the control constraint of contact relation.
6. complex structure according to claim 5 contains the contrary seismic inversion method for predicting reservoir of covering fracture, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned (4) step, encrypting resamples decides according to the length of inverting permissible accuracy with the data that participate in Inversion Calculation, and 1ms or 0.5ms resample.
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| CN103217718A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method to complement lost stratum under shaft |
| CN103245972A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for determining complex geologic structure in two-dimensional space |
| CN103792571A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Point constraint Bayes sparse pulse inversion method |
| CN104422956A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-03-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Sparse pulse inversion-based high-accuracy seismic spectral decomposition method |
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| CN110954946A (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2020-04-03 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Seismic inversion reservoir prediction method for complex structure containing inversion fracture |
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| CN103217718B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2015-09-23 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method of hidden layer under additional well |
| CN103217718A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method to complement lost stratum under shaft |
| CN103245972A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for determining complex geologic structure in two-dimensional space |
| CN103245972B (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method determining complex geological structure in two-dimensional space |
| CN103792571A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Point constraint Bayes sparse pulse inversion method |
| CN104422956A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-03-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Sparse pulse inversion-based high-accuracy seismic spectral decomposition method |
| CN104422956B (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2017-03-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of high precision seismic spectral factorization method based on Sparse Pulse Inversion |
| CN104749617B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of multi-scale facture reservoir forward method for establishing model |
| CN104749617A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Multi-scale fractured reservoir forward model establishing method |
| CN105759312B (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-10-16 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of reservoir characteristic method well shake scaling method |
| CN105759312A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-13 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Reservoir characteristic method well-seismic calibration method |
| CN110058298A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-07-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of three-dimensional geologic spatial interpolation methods and system |
| CN110058298B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-08-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional geologic body spatial interpolation method and system |
| CN112400123A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2021-02-23 | 吉奥奎斯特系统公司 | Cascading machine learning workflow for salt seismic interpretation |
| CN112400123B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2024-03-29 | 吉奥奎斯特系统公司 | Cascaded machine learning workflow for salt seismic interpretation |
| CN111458751A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Comprehensive time depth calibration method and device |
| CN110954946A (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2020-04-03 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Seismic inversion reservoir prediction method for complex structure containing inversion fracture |
| CN111175820A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-19 | 杨林海 | Analysis method for depth relation during synthetic seismic record clear breakpoint calibration determination |
| CN112578457A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-30 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Optical fiber borehole earthquake monitoring method for carbon dioxide driven coal bed gas |
| CN112748464A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-04 | 青岛黄海学院 | Rayleigh surface wave frequency dispersion curve rapid inversion method |
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