CN100528726C - 对电梯轿厢速度进行监视的监视系统 - Google Patents
对电梯轿厢速度进行监视的监视系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100528726C CN100528726C CN 200610075536 CN200610075536A CN100528726C CN 100528726 C CN100528726 C CN 100528726C CN 200610075536 CN200610075536 CN 200610075536 CN 200610075536 A CN200610075536 A CN 200610075536A CN 100528726 C CN100528726 C CN 100528726C
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
- B66B1/32—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on braking devices, e.g. acting on electrically controlled brakes
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于监视电梯轿厢速度的方法。当由于发动机制动器制动失效或主动轮轴的轴断裂造成超速时安全电路被开路和检测系统从正常的工作状态(圆圈1)转换到减速状态(圆圈2)，其中对电梯轿厢是否根据预设置的定义的速度被减速进行监视。在成功的进行减速后检测系统被转换到掣停状态监视(圆圈3)，其中对电梯轿厢是否偏离其掣停位置进行监视。如果未满足状态2或状态3的预设置，则检测系统被转换到制动器的制动状态(圆圈4)，其中激活对电梯轿厢进行锁定的制动器。
Description
对电梯轿厢速度进行监视的监视系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于监视电梯轿厢速度的方法和检测系统，其中对驱 动电梯轿厢和对重的主动轮的移动进行检测和评价，和在电梯轿厢的速度 出现与预设定的速度的不允许的偏差时启动对电梯轿厢的减速。
背景技术
在专利说明书US4177973中披露了一种电机驱动的缆索筒，其中电机 轴和缆索筒轴被电气监视。为每个轴设置有一个对轴的旋转进行检测的传 感器。对传感器的信号进行比较，其中在正常工作时电机轴旋转与巻筒轴 的旋转的比例与传动装置的变速比相符。如果根据信号评价出现与传动比 偏差的结果，则作用于缆索筒的制动装置被激活。
己知装置的缺点在于，为实现对缆索筒的监视需要复杂的硬件，所述 硬件的购置和维护费用昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种补救措施，其中克服了已知装置的缺点， 提出一种方法，利用所述方法采用简单的方式即可以实现对电梯轿厢的监 视。
实现本发明目的技术方案在于-
一种用于监视电梯轿厢的速度的检测系统，其中测量系统对驱动电梯 轿厢和对重的主动轮的移动进行检测，和计算机对测量系统的信号进行评 价，所述计算机在电梯轿厢超速时启动减速过程，其中如果超过速度极限， 则检测系统将使安全电路开路和从作为开路的安全电路检测的零时刻点 开始对电梯轿厢的超速进行存储，和其中检测系统从计时开始的时刻开始 在一定的时间后对电梯轿厢的速度是否小于一半超速进行监视和是否检 测系统从零时间点开始计算在一定的时间后对电梯轿厢的速度是否小于
3掣停速度进行监视。
本发明的优点在于，采用本发明的方法或本发明的装置在对电梯轿厢 减速时可对速度或速度变化进行监视。
最好当被监视的速度低于预定的值时或如果电梯轿厢偏离掣停位置 时，将制动器激活。采用本发明的方法或本发明的装置可以避免由于诸如 电梯轿厢的超速、在驶抵一个楼层时电机制动器失效、在楼层停靠时电机 制动器失效或主动轮轴的轴断裂等危险的情况导致的安全风险。
例如采用缆索制动器、轿厢制动器或安全制动器装置作为制动器。
缆索制动器固定在大楼的楼梯上或固定在电梯的支撑结构上和作用 在作为承载机构的承载缆索上。在制动的情况下承载缆索被固定。轿厢制 动器或安全制动器装置设置在电梯轿厢上和作用在固定的导轨上。制动器 也可以用于对对重进行制动。
根据本发明有益的进一步设计，在一定的掣停监视时间后检测系统将 安全电路闭合。
根据本发明的有益的进一步设计，计算机和测量系统为双路结构，其 中计算机双路地接通或断开电梯的安全电路或制动器的促动器，和对制动 器的传感器的信号进行检测。
附图说明
下面将对照附图对本发明做进一步说明。图中示出：
图1为用于监视电梯轿厢的速度的装置的电路方框图；
图2为用于监视电梯轿厢的速度的装置的工作状态的示意图；
图3为用于监视电梯轿厢的速度的速度曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1出于绘图的原因沿线L分成图la和图lb，所述图共同构成用于 说明监视电梯轿厢速度的装置的方框图。装置，在下面被称作检测系统l 主要由一具有通路A和通路B的双通路计算机2、与电梯控制装置的安全 电路3连接的促动器4A,4B、分别为每个通路A,B设置的一个用于对电梯 轿厢和对重进行驱动的主动轮的移动进行检测的测量系统5A，5B、用于对制动器进行监视的传感器6、用于对制动器的压力介质（例如压縮空气）
进行监视的传感器7，所述制动器对被主动轮导向的缆索段进行制动、克 服弹簧力的释放缆索制动器的促动器8、用于根据传感器信号的电压进行 变换的转换器9，和计算机2、促动器和传感器的电源构成。另外也可以 分别为每个通路将一个对驱动电机进行监视的测量系统11A，11B接在计算 机2上。为每个通路设置有一个存储器12A,12B。维护人员利用人/机接口 13与计算机2联通。
测量系统5A,5B可以对主动轮轴的移动或主动轮圆周的移动进行检 测，其中例如设置有可扫描的磁极或可光学扫描的编码盘。利用测量信号 例如可以对电梯轿厢的速度或位置加以确定。可以选用的对驱动电机的转 动进行监视的测量系统11A，11B具有类似的结构。
人/机接口 13例如由一个用于输入数据和参数的键盘和用于显示数据 和工作状态的显示器构成。
例如为每个通路A，B在安全电路3中设置一个促动器4A，4B，例如 一个继电器。微处理机pPA， ^PB利用线路TRIA1,TRIB1对继电器进行驱 动控制，其中微处理机^iPA, nPB利用线路FDBA， FDBB对继电器的开关 状态进行监视。另外微处理机iaPA, |iPB利用电流传感器CUDA，CUDB对 安全电路3的状态进行监视。
例如可以采用压縮空气驱动的制动器作为制动器，其中利用促动器8， 例如电磁阀对压縮空气进行控制和利用传感器7，例如压力变送器对压力 进行测量，其中在制动器上检测的压力PRS被转换成电信号。为每个通路 A,B设置一个促动器14A，14B，例如开关器。从微处理机)iiP通过线路
TRIA2，TRIB2对开关器进行控制。当两个促动器14A,14B被接通，其中压 缩空气克服制动弹簧的弹簧力时，制动器被驱动。利用传感器6确定制动 器是否被释放或被应用。只有当传感器7检测到压力介质中的相应的压力 PRA时，才对电梯轿厢进行释放，和传感器6对制动器是否被释放进行检
利用转换器9将传感器6， 7的信号转换成与微处理机兼容的信号。 在本例中利用变换器UCONA1, UCONA2, UCCONA3, UCONA4，UCONB3， UCONB4将24V信号转换成5V信号和 将其电气分隔地馈送给相应的微处理机MPA， ^iPB。
电源10生成检测系统1工作的供电电压，其中利用变压器/整流器 TRRE将电源电压110—240V AC转换成低压直流电压LVDC。在本例中 由电源Sl(iPA, SlpPB生成5伏，用于计算机2，由电源S1CA,S1CB生成5 伏，用于测量系统5A，5B,11A，11B，由电源S1REL生成12伏，用于促动 器4A,4B,由电源S2^iPA，S2jaPB生成24伏，用于计算机2，由电源S1MV 生成24伏，用于促动器8和由电源S1SW生成24伏，用于传感器6、 7。
微处理机pPA， ^PB利用数据线路UART1,UART2以及NPORT和 MPORT相互联通。
图2示出检测系统1的工作状态和图3示出电梯轿厢的相应的速度曲 线。图2中示出的内容是建立在状态/事件技术的基础之上的，其中的圆圈 表示系统的状态。附有文字说明和附图标记的箭头表示事件，所述事件触 发从一种状态向另一状态的转换。用方框和文字说明或附图标记表示动 作。出于明了起见在本说明书中用黑体表示事件或动作。
状态1 (圆圈1)表示正常的行驶状态。在电梯轿厢行驶时对作为电 梯轿厢的超速v。s的速度极限进行监视。在正常的状态下安全电路3是闭 路的。当超过超速极限v。s时安全电路3被开路。微处理机pPA， ^PB利用 线路TRIA1,TRIB1对促动器或继电器4A，4B进行驱动控制，其中微处理 机^PA， ^PB利用线路FDBA， FDBB对继电器4A，4B的开关状态进行监 视。在图2中用方框0R表示用继电器断开使安全电路开路的动作。事件 "安全电路被检测为开路SCDO"(由微处理机pPA， ^PB进行检测)触发 从状态l向状态2的转换。
状态2 (圆圈2)表示减速状态。驱动单元（电机，制动器）被转换 到制动，其中电梯轿厢被减速。在安全电路3被检测为开路的计时开始的 时刻上的电梯轿厢的速度vel一decel被存储。从计时开始的时刻开始计算在 特定的时间tl后，例如500ms后电梯轿厢的速度必须小于vel—decel。微 处理机(^PA， ^PB对测量系统5A，5B的实时数据进行处理和将所述数据与 vel一decd进行比较。在该条件（事件"过低的减速DETL")未得到满足， 则触发向状态4的转换（采用制动器的制动状态）（动作"继电器断开OR"
6和"制动器被触发TRRB")。
从计时开始的时刻开始计算在一定的时间t2后，例如2s后，电梯轿 厢的速度必须小于ve1—decd/2。微处理机pPA， pPB对测量系统5A，5B的 实时数据进行处理和将所述数据与veLdecd进行比较。在该条件(事件"过 低的减速DETL")未得到满足，则触发向状态4的转换（采用制动器的制 动状态）。从计时开始的时刻开始计算在一定的时间t3后，例如4s后，电
梯轿厢的速度必须小于掣停速度Vstand—still 。微处理机pPA， ）LlPB对测量系
统5A,5B的实时数据进行处理和将所述数据与vstand—础进行比较。在该条 件（事件"过低的减速DETL")未得到满足，则触发向状态4的转换（采 用制动器的制动状态）。
在满足条件vstand—stm的情况下，触发向状态3 (掣停监视状态）的转换。
在外部的装置将安全电路开路时，将触发向状态1 (正常行驶状态） 的转换。（事件"安全电路被检测为闭路SCDC")。
一旦用事件"电梯轿厢的速度小于vstand_sti„(abS(Vel)<Vstand_still)"实现 状态3 (圆圈3)，则电梯轿厢的瞬时位置作为掣停位置被存储，其中微处 理机iaPA， ^PB对测量系统5A,5B的实时数据进行处理和对电梯轿厢的掣 停位置加以确定。当在安全电路3开路的情况下电梯轿厢超过与掣停位置 的特定的偏差stand—still—tolerance(例如50mm)时，则触发向状态4的转换 (采用制动器的制动状态）。
在特定的时间后，例如2s后，在掣停监视状态下促动器4A，4B被激 活（事件"至少2s掣停ST2S")。用方框表示用继电器闭合CR实现安全 电路3闭合的动作。事件"安全电路被检测作为闭路SCDC"(用微处理 机liPA， ^PB进行检测）触发从状态3向状态1的转换。状态2或状态3 可以触发向采用制动器的制动状态的转换（圆圈4)在制动状态时直接作 用于电梯轿厢的承载缆索的制动器被激活，其中至少一个促动器14A,14B 被去激活。在制动器被激活的状态下，压力弹簧产生作用于承载缆索的制 动力。为实现对制动器的释放，促动器14A,14B被激活和对图1所示的促 动器供电，其中压縮空气克服弹簧力和对制动器进行释放。如图2所示， 对状态4是不能脱离幵的。只有对主电源进行通/断才可以实现对状态4
7的复位。
如图2和3所示的步骤被编码并存储在程序存储器12A，12B内和由微 处理机HPA， pPB实施所述步骤。
为对作为电梯轿厢超速v。s的速度极限加以确定，进行"学习"行驶， 其中电梯轿厢例如以标准的速度上行运行和被测量系统5A，5B测量的速
度作为Vknm被存储。还对电梯轿厢的运行方向进行采集，此点对测量系统
5A，5B的计数方向是重要的。超速v。s以标准速度Vk^为基准，例如高于
标准速度10%。掣停速度Vstand—础以标准速度Vk謡为基准和例如采用如下 方式加以确定：
vstand—stiii=Vknm/32，其中电梯的Vknm lm/s.•.. 1.75m/s; vstand—stili=Vknm/16，其中电梯的vtam 0.5m/s.,..0,99m/s; vstand—still=vknm/8，其中电梯的vknm 0.25m/s....0.49m/s。
特别是在登梯和离梯的情况下或在轿厢门或竖井门处于开启的情况 下，对电梯轿厢的掣停位置的监视是非常重要的。通常在电梯轿厢停靠在 楼层的情况下轿厢门的门槛的高度与竖井门门槛的高度大致齐平。如果电 梯轿厢偏离其掣停位置，将出现两个门槛之间的高度差，所述高度差将导 致人员在登梯和离梯时受到损伤。在极端的情况下在电梯轿厢和楼层之间 将出现间隙和随之造成电梯竖井的开启。
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Claims (3)
1.一种用于监视电梯轿厢的速度的检测系统(1)，其中测量系统(5A，5B)对驱动电梯轿厢和对重的主动轮的移动进行检测，和计算机(2)对测量系统(5A，5B)的信号进行评价，所述计算机(2)在电梯轿厢的速度出现与预设定的速度的不允许的偏差时启动减速过程，其特征在于，检测系统(1)从计时开始的时刻开始计算在一定的时间(time 3)后对电梯轿厢的速度是否小于掣停速度(Vstand_still)进行监视。
2. 按照权利要求1所述的检测系统（1)，其特征在于，在一定的掣停 监视时间后检测系统（1)将安全电路（3)闭合。
3. 按照权利要求1或2所述的检测系统（1)，其特征在于，计算机（2) 和测量系统（5A,5B)为双路结构，其中计算机（2)双路地接通或断开电 梯的安全电路（3)或制动器的促动器（8)，和对制动器的传感器（6， 7) 的信号进行检测。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS504939A (zh) * | 1973-03-10 | 1975-01-20 | ||
| JPS5625432B2 (zh) * | 1975-10-29 | 1981-06-12 | ||
| JPS5749470B2 (zh) | 1976-02-16 | 1982-10-22 | ||
| FR2349776B1 (zh) * | 1976-04-27 | 1981-12-24 | Fmc Europe | |
| JPS598622B2 (zh) * | 1976-05-27 | 1984-02-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | |
| JPS5465322A (en) * | 1977-11-04 | 1979-05-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Motor speed control system |
| US4177973A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1979-12-11 | Ederer Incorporated | Cable drum safety brake |
| US4367810A (en) * | 1979-12-27 | 1983-01-11 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator car and door motion interlocks |
| JPS5699183A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1981-08-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Method of controlling elevator |
| EP0294578B1 (de) * | 1987-06-12 | 1991-07-17 | Inventio Ag | Einfahrregelungseinrichtung für einen Aufzug |
| GB2212782B (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1991-01-30 | Poon Otto L | A lift |
| JPH0543150A (ja) * | 1991-08-20 | 1993-02-23 | Hitachi Ltd | エレベータ |
| JPH0692559A (ja) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-04-05 | Hitachi Building Syst Eng & Service Co Ltd | エレベータの異常検出装置 |
| ES2137213T3 (es) | 1993-09-15 | 1999-12-16 | Inventio Ag | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTROL OF A HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR. |
| AT175946T (de) * | 1993-10-18 | 1999-02-15 | Inventio Ag | Bremssicherheitseinrichtung für eine aufzugskabine |
| US6173814B1 (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2001-01-16 | Otis Elevator Company | Electronic safety system for elevators having a dual redundant safety bus |
| JP2000335839A (ja) * | 1999-04-22 | 2000-12-05 | Inventio Ag | 輸送システムとのコミュニケーションのための方法 |
| CA2639397C (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2012-07-24 | Inventio Ag | Method and system for guiding a user in a building |
| DE20103158U1 (de) * | 2001-02-22 | 2001-09-27 | Mueller Wolfgang T | Mehrstufiger, positionsgesteuerter, reaktionsschnell und präzise auslösender Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzer für Aufzüge |
| PT1401757E (pt) * | 2001-07-04 | 2007-02-28 | Inventio Ag | Processo para impedir uma velocidade de marcha inadmissivelmente alta do orgão de suspensão de carga de um ascensor |
| CA2458221C (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2010-11-09 | Inventio Ag | Situation-dependent reaction in the case of a fault in the region of a door of a lift system |
| JP4553535B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2010-09-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エレベータ装置 |
| US6966408B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2005-11-22 | Thyssen Elevator Capital Corp. | Autobalance roping and drive arrangement |
-
2006
- 2006-04-06 JP JP2006104883A patent/JP2006298645A/ja active Pending
- 2006-04-13 ES ES06112647T patent/ES2571503T3/es active Active
- 2006-04-14 US US11/404,649 patent/US7775329B2/en active Active
- 2006-04-19 CA CA 2544106 patent/CA2544106C/en active Active
- 2006-04-19 NO NO20061725A patent/NO20061725L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-04-19 ZA ZA200603114A patent/ZA200603114B/xx unknown
- 2006-04-19 BR BRPI0601289 patent/BRPI0601289A/pt active Search and Examination
- 2006-04-20 KR KR1020060035784A patent/KR101225919B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-04-20 AR ARP060101567 patent/AR053064A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-04-20 CN CN 200610075536 patent/CN100528726C/zh active IP Right Grant
- 2006-04-20 AU AU2006201653A patent/AU2006201653B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2544106C (en) | 2014-06-17 |
| CA2544106A1 (en) | 2006-10-21 |
| ES2571503T3 (es) | 2016-05-25 |
| BRPI0601289A (pt) | 2006-12-19 |
| NO20061725L (no) | 2006-10-23 |
| KR20060110827A (ko) | 2006-10-25 |
| AU2006201653A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| US20060237265A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
| JP2006298645A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
| ZA200603114B (en) | 2007-07-25 |
| CN1854049A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
| KR101225919B1 (ko) | 2013-01-24 |
| AU2006201653B2 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
| AR053064A1 (es) | 2007-04-18 |
| US7775329B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 |
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