CN100528397C - Titanium alloy spherical shell superplastic shaping method - Google Patents
Titanium alloy spherical shell superplastic shaping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100528397C CN100528397C CNB2006100175001A CN200610017500A CN100528397C CN 100528397 C CN100528397 C CN 100528397C CN B2006100175001 A CNB2006100175001 A CN B2006100175001A CN 200610017500 A CN200610017500 A CN 200610017500A CN 100528397 C CN100528397 C CN 100528397C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a superplastic forming method for a spherical shell of titanium alloy, which is characterized in that a titanium alloy blank is put in a lower die, the titanium alloy blank is heated to a lowest forming temperature by an electric furnace, and then, the temperature of the titanium alloy blank is kept; after the temperature keeping process is finished, a hydraulic machine is pressed downwards to be used for forming a finished product, and simultaneously, the temperature is raised continuously; the forming process is stopped until the temperature raises to a highest forming temperature, and then, the first circulating process is finished; when the temperature drops to the temperature which is lower than 50 DEG C to 80 DEG C of the lowest forming temperature, the temperature is raised, and the forming process is carried out until the temperature is raised to the lowest forming temperature; when the temperature is raised to the highest forming temperature, the forming process is stopped, and then, the second circulating process is finished; the circulating process is carried out for many times until the finished product is formed. In the forming method of the present invention, the forming temperature range is from 800 DEG C to 900 DEG C, and the forming process is carried out in the process of temperature rise; the amplitude of variation of the temperature is 100 DEG C, and the forming speed is from 0.6 mm/min to 1.0 mm/min. The present invention can be used for forming spherical shells of the titanium alloy with different wall thicknesses and different diameters which are lower than phi 800mm; the technological method of the present invention can be used for supplying needed pressure spheres to deep diving vehicles; an inner surface of the spherical shell of the titanium alloy, which is formed, does not need to be processed, and the machining allowance of the top of an outer surface is small.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the forming technique of titanium alloy product, mainly is to propose a kind of titanium alloy spherical shell superplastic shaping method.
Background technology
The big degree of depth (more than 6000 meters) bathyscaph pressure hull is selected the titanium alloy manufacturing usually for use, but because titanium alloy has the intensity height, plasticity is low, the characteristics of difficult moulding, and conventional forming method is the drop stamping moulding, the drop stamping moulding has the following disadvantages: 1. the effective warm area of titanium alloy plastic deformation is narrower, add the chill effect of mould, cause board briquette to descend rapidly, resistance of deformation heightens, plasticity sharply reduces, need the heating for multiple times punching press just can finish, make troubles to production, 2. each distortion of spheroid is uneven, the regional attenuate that has, the partial thickening that has, machining allowance is big, and the local deformation fuel factor is serious, temperature raises, and causes inside and outside microstructure coarsening etc.
Superplastic formation is a kind of new technology of not having machining and precise forming less that development in recent years is got up, and helps the near-net-shape of parts, in industrial application great potential is arranged.According to deformation behaviour and state, superplasticity can be divided into two classes at present: 1. structure superplasticity or claim fine crystalline superplastic, it requires material to have ultra-fine crystal grain, and the degree of grain refinement requires to reach 0.5-5 μ m, high deformation temperature and low strain rate.2. the environment superplasticity as transformation superplasticity, has the metal and the alloy of phase transformation, can realize superplasticity by phase transition process.Promptly under certain load, in the phase transition temperature scope, carry out heating and cooling circularly, allotropism all can take place when sample is organized in heating and cooling each time change, can obtain the even extension of a great-jump-forward, repeatedly circulation just can obtain the big extension of accumulative total.Carry out superplastic formation, can select according to the original structure of material.
For the moulding materials of titanium alloy spherical shell, be organized as the non-big slab that waits the axle coarse grain, then can adopt the phase transformation superplastic formation.Transformation superplasticity is different with the structure superplasticity, and before superplastic deformation, it does not require that material carries out anticipating of ultra-fineization of crystal grain, isometry and stabilisation, therefore has more development prospect.
Documents " non-isothermal transformation-dislocation plasticity: the modelling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and test " has proposed a kind of superplastic deformation test of titanium alloy, the deformation temperature scope is 840 ℃～990 ℃, all apply pulling force in the heating and cooling process and carry out the deflection test, thereby obtain strain, the effects of phase transition of heating and cooling process producing.
Occur uneven distortion in the moulding meeting of temperature-fall period because of the increase of titanium alloy intensity for titanium alloy, thereby influence the compact dimensions precision, be unfavorable for the control of quality.And the alpha+beta of TC4 alloy/β phase transition temperature is 980 ℃～1000 ℃, when the TC4 alloy was heated to 990 ℃, when making titanium alloy near near transformation temperature, crystallite dimension began to grow up rapidly, like this organize air cooling after, then obtain the thick β phase constitution that has changed fully.Corresponding this histioid performance characteristics is that plasticity and impact flexibility are low, seriously influences the serviceability of product.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of titanium alloy spherical shell superplastic forming method, finish near-net-shape, the titanium alloy spherical shell inner surface that this process is obtained need not processing, and outer surface and top allowance are very little.
Titanium alloy spherical shell superplastic shaping method proposed by the invention is: titanium alloy blank is put into counterdie, the electric furnace heat temperature raising is incubated during to the lower limit temperature of moulding, the insulation finish the back hydraulic press press down moulding continue simultaneously the intensification, stop moulding during to the maximum temperature that reaches moulding, once circulation finishes; Begin to heat up when being cooled to following 50 ℃～80 ℃ of the lower limit temperature of moulding, begin moulding to the lower limit temperature of moulding, stop moulding when reaching the moulding maximum temperature again, secondary cycle finishes, and so finishes through repeatedly being circulated to moulding; It is characterized in that: in the described forming method, the temperature range of moulding is 800 ℃～900 ℃ and only moulding in temperature-rise period, the lower limit temperature that is moulding is that 800 ℃, ceiling temperature are 900 ℃, and range of temperature is 100 ℃, shaping speed 0.6mm/min～1.0mm/min.
900 ℃ of maximum heating temperatures:
Mould needs to work in hot environment for a long time, though mold materials is exotic material but the possibility (the steel plate demonstration test has confirmed this point) of inefficacy is also arranged, the Mathematical Modeling and the demonstration test of titanium alloy transformation superplasticity also show simultaneously, titanium alloy still has good transformation superplasticity energy in the time of 900 ℃, and the moulding of hemispherical Shell only needs 20% deflection, so it is defined as 900 ℃.
Shaping speed 0.6mm/min～1.0mm/min:
Because the reliable slow-action adjusting range of equipment is 0.6mm/min～60mm/min, the too slow molding time of shaping speed is just very long simultaneously, and this is unfavorable to mould.Experimental result when being 0.6mm/min according to draw speed (percentage elongation is 500%～520%), this technology is defined as 0.6mm/min～1.0mm/min with moulding.
100 ℃ of ranges of temperature:
Because the heat accumulation of mould and the heat characteristic of electric furnace, very slow at the high-temperature region programming rate, if range of temperature is 200 ℃, then electric furnace is raised to nearly 3 hours of 900 ℃ of needs from 700 ℃, the not only mould reduction dimensional accuracy that lost efficacy easily, and titanium alloy blank also can descend because of the grain growth performance.So it is decided to be 100 ℃.
The temperature cycles periodicity:
Tentatively be decided to be 5 times, but owing to the temperature cycles periodicity is imitated the influence of breaking elongation, so can adjust according to actual conditions.
The titanium alloy blank surface is coated with antioxidizing paint protection in addition, and the lubricant of superplastic formation adopts flake graphite.
The forming method that the present invention proposes can be used for the following different-diameter of φ 800mm, the moulding of different wall titanium alloy spherical shell, utilize this process to provide required withstand voltage ball for bathyscaph, has bigger social effect, the titanium alloy spherical shell inner surface of moulding need not processing, and outer surface and top allowance are very little.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a titanium alloy hemispherical Shell superplastic formation apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the forming die structure schematic diagram.
Among the figure, 1, depression bar, 2, upper furnace body, 3, patrix, 4, blank holder, 5, blank, 6, counterdie, 7, lower furnace body, 8, draw ring.
The specific embodiment
It is as follows to provide embodiments of the invention:
Embodiment 1:
Titanium alloy deep diving device housing is a kind of pressure sphere, and its design size is: internal diameter SR250mm, wall thickness are 18.1～18.9mm.Adopt superplastic shaping method to mold two hemisphere, carry out assembly welding processing again.
Hemispherical Shell superplastic formation material is a titanium alloy 22mm sheet material, and its chemical composition and conventional mechanical property should meet the requirement of GB/T3621-1994 " titanium or titanium alloy sheet material ".
Blank size is calculated as Φ 748mm by equal-area method, adopts the flame cutting stock, utilizes the electric angle grinder reconditioning to remove the burr at line of cut place.Evenly brushing " titanium alloy high-temperature antioxidizing paint " again, the back of drying in the shade is stand-by.
Manufacturing and designing of mould
According to documents and materials, selected 3Cr24Ni7SiNRe foundry goods is the mold for forming material, and its mechanical property sees the following form.
The 3Cr24Ni7SiNRe mechanical property
As shown in Figure 2, mould is selected combination die up and down for use, and installs blank holder 4 additional.Patrix 3 is a hemispherical, and the processing screw rod is connected with the depression bar 1 of press at the planar central position, and counterdie 6 is a die, and endoporus is a hemispherical.Determine that with the specification of sheet material and shaping hemisphere patrix is a diameter of phi 494mm hemisphere according to moulding, and add the 50mm straight section, draw ring 8 outlet diameters are Φ 544mm.
The superplastic formation device
The superplastic formation device of titanium alloy hemispherical Shell is seen accompanying drawing 1, comprises hydraulic press at a slow speed and particular manufacturing craft that moulding is used, and the electric furnace of heating usefulness.
The superplastic formation technical process of hemisphere housing
General phase transformation superplastic formation is under certain load, imposes that temperature cycles by transformation temperature obtains, heat up and temperature-fall period in all carry out the phase transformation superplastic formation.Because the titanium alloy hemispherical Shell does not need big deflection (the only deflection of needs about 20%) and formed precision is required height, moulding meeting in temperature-fall period uneven distortion occurs because of the increase of titanium alloy intensity.So during preparation titanium alloy hemispherical Shell, only carry out the phase transformation superplastic formation at temperature-rise period.
Batching at first is installed.The hydraulic press movable platform that moves up is opened suitable height with upper furnace body 2 and lower furnace body 7, and blank 5 is put into counterdie 6, puts blank holder 4 then, and with bolt blank holder is fixed on the counterdie 6.
Next superplastic formation in temperature-rise period.Upper furnace body 2 and lower furnace body 7 close, connect furnace power and begin heating, insulation is 45 minutes when the lower limit temperature that reaches moulding is 800 ℃, temperature retention time is 2 minutes/thickness of slab mm by technological requirement, insulation is finished back primer fluid press and is begun to press down moulding and connect furnace power simultaneously and continue intensification, stop moulding when temperature reaches 900 ℃ of the maximum temperatures of moulding, once circulation finishes.
Lower the temperature then and carry out 5 circulations and finish up to moulding: the hydraulic press movable platform moves up, open upper furnace body 2 and lower furnace body 7 cools off, when temperature is reduced to following 80 ℃ promptly 720 ℃ time of the lower limit temperature of moulding, closing, the primer fluid press begins to press down moulding when going up lower furnace body and being warming up to 800 ℃ of lower limit temperatures, circulation beginning for the second time, and moulding stops when temperature reaches 900 ℃, circulation for the second time finishes, so carry out 5 circulations, finish shaping speed 0.6mm/min to moulding.
To the titanium alloy hemispherical Shell after the moulding, carry out blasting treatment earlier, to remove the antioxidizing paint on the hemispherical Shell surfaces externally and internally.Wall thickness, surface quality, sphericity to hemispherical Shell detects then.Wall thickness detect to adopt Sonic-133D type audigage, and the thickness of the both direction of hemispherical Shell is measured; The dye penetrant inspection method is adopted on the hemispherical Shell surface, and whether detect the surface has defectives such as crackle, scuffing; The sphericity of hemispherical Shell detects uses model to test.
The testing result of TC4 hemispherical Shell
| The hemispherical Shell numbering | Minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) | The sphericity deviation | | Remarks | |
| 1# | 19.0mm | About 1mm | Meet the JB4730- |
||
| 2# | 19.08mm | About 1mm | Meet the JB4730-94I level |
Dimension control
After the moulding of titanium alloy deep diving device spherical shell is finished, carried out the key dimension check, the results are shown in following table by design drawing.
Spherical shell dimension control result
The hemispherical Shell inner surface of moulding need not processing, and outer surface allowance is 4mm (radial direction) only, and top allowance is 1mm only.
Embodiment 2:
Forming method and process be with embodiment 1, among this embodiment, after the one-shot forming process is finished, is cooled to the lower limit temperature of moulding and promptly begins to heat up 750 ℃ the time for following 50 ℃, and embodiment 1 is 720 ℃.Shaping speed is 1.0mm/min.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of titanium alloy spherical shell superplastic shaping method, the step of its moulding is: titanium alloy blank is put into counterdie, the electric furnace heat temperature raising is incubated during to the lower limit temperature of moulding, the insulation finish the back hydraulic press press down moulding continue simultaneously the intensification, stop moulding during to the maximum temperature that reaches moulding, once circulation finishes; Begin to heat up when being cooled to following 50 ℃～80 ℃ of the lower limit temperature of moulding, begin moulding to the lower limit temperature of moulding, stop moulding when reaching the moulding maximum temperature again, secondary cycle finishes, and so finishes through repeatedly being circulated to moulding; It is characterized in that: in the described forming method, the temperature range of moulding is 800 ℃～900 ℃ and only moulding in temperature-rise period, the lower limit temperature that is moulding is that 800 ℃, ceiling temperature are 900 ℃, and range of temperature is 100 ℃, shaping speed 0.6mm/min～1.0mm/min.
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| CNB2006100175001A CN100528397C (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2006-03-06 | Titanium alloy spherical shell superplastic shaping method |
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Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101857937B (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-06-20 | 西峡县鑫龙保温材料有限公司 | Ferro-silico-aluminum high-pressure alloying pellet and processing technique thereof |
| CN102172703B (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2013-01-09 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Hot compacting method of composite steel plate spherical crown |
| CN103008997B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-05-27 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Superplastic forming (SPF)/diffusion bonding (DB) forming method of titanium alloy cylindrical four-layer structure |
| CN103071736B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-08-12 | 西安优耐特容器制造有限公司 | A kind of Large Titanium end socket composite molding technique |
| CN104174749B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-10-26 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Many curved surfaces titanium alloy component shaped device and method |
| CN104624850B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2019-05-21 | 合肥实华管件有限责任公司 | A kind of nickel-base alloy stainless steel ellipse pipe cap forming technology of overcritical wall thickness |
| CN104923603B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-03-08 | 宝鸡钛业股份有限公司 | Bathyscaph manned sphere is with pressure titanium alloy hemisphere preparation technology |
| CN105344790B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-07-25 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Aluminium alloy thin-walled dome head integral forming method |
| CN106271395A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2017-01-04 | 易飞 | A kind of processing technique of special-shaped stethoscope tin |
| CN106345911B (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-02-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of adjustable large platform general heating device in heating zone and heating means |
| CN106424279B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-10-09 | 北京汽车股份有限公司 | Hot stamping device |
| CN108057758B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-08-09 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | A kind of superplasticity isothermal stamping process of TA7 titanium alloy thick spherical shell |
| CN109570380A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-05 | 南通中船机械制造有限公司 | A kind of high strength titanium alloy end socket pressing process |
| CN111774487B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2022-09-06 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Large depth-diameter ratio rotary thin-wall titanium alloy component and forming method thereof |
| CN114700407A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-05 | 河南航天液压气动技术有限公司 | Forming method for drawing and extruding hemispherical parts |
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2006
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