CN108637093B - Warm forming die for aluminum alloy hemispherical shell - Google Patents

Warm forming die for aluminum alloy hemispherical shell Download PDF

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CN108637093B
CN108637093B CN201810403543.6A CN201810403543A CN108637093B CN 108637093 B CN108637093 B CN 108637093B CN 201810403543 A CN201810403543 A CN 201810403543A CN 108637093 B CN108637093 B CN 108637093B
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die
aluminum alloy
hole
hemispherical shell
hemisphere
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CN108637093A (en
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张劲
唐子博
邓运来
蒋震
李智德
雷郴祁
汪成
谭佳
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a warm-hot forming die for an aluminum alloy hemispherical shell, which comprises a male die, a female die and a pressure plate which is detachably fixed on the female die; the lower part of the male die is internally provided with a cavityThe bottom of the hemisphere is provided with a circular through hole; the material pressing plate is provided with a through hole; the female die is a hollow cylinder with a flange, and the inner edge of the upper end of the female die is provided with a round angle. According to the invention, the round through hole is designed at the bottom of the hemisphere of the male die, so that on one hand, friction between a plate blank at the bottom of the male die and a die is avoided, the resistance of extension deformation of metal at the bottom of the male die is reduced, and more bottom materials pass through an extension deformation compensation stretching area; on the other hand, the arrangement of the circular through hole changes the tensile loading position, and the radius R of the circular through hole1Range of R1＝k·R2And k is 0.1-0.13, the thickness distribution of the cross section of the workpiece can be changed by reasonably designing the diameter of the circular through hole, and the thickness reduction rate of the component is reduced and controlled within 10%.

Description

Warm forming die for aluminum alloy hemispherical shell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy forming, and particularly relates to a warm forming die for an aluminum alloy hemispherical shell.
Background
Aerospace and civil storage tank bodies have high requirements on air tightness and weight reduction, high-strength aluminum alloy is often adopted, and aluminum alloy tank bodies with high specific strength and specific rigidity are widely applied. For the forming of the thin-wall shell component of the aluminum alloy hemispherical storage tank bottom with the ratio of the inner diameter to the wall thickness of more than 60, the traditional melon petal tailor welding forming technology is mainly used at present in China due to the advantages of machining allowance, equipment specification and the like. However, the welding performance of the aluminum alloy is limited, and the internal stress and performance generated by the welding seam are weakened, so that the service performance and the processing precision of the component are adversely affected.
The improvement of the strength often reduces the room temperature plasticity of the aluminum alloy material, the forming range is limited, the local thinning is easy to be overlarge, and the service bearing capacity is reduced. In addition, the high internal stress and the micro defects generated in the room temperature processing process of the high-strength aluminum alloy can also cause the deformation, even the cracking and the scrapping of the thin-wall shell component during the quenching.
After the aluminum alloy is heated to a certain temperature, the plasticity and the elongation are greatly improved, the formability of the plate can be effectively improved, the residual stress of a formed part is reduced, and the aluminum alloy is suitable for the production of high-value small-batch parts with higher requirements on performance and shape. The control of the temperature and the forming speed in the forming process has an important influence on the grain configuration of the aluminum alloy formed part, for example, insufficient recrystallization control in the forming process easily causes the performance reduction of the aluminum alloy formed part, such as fatigue, corrosion and the like. The warm molding method of the mold type has structural advantages in temperature and speed control, and is therefore commonly used for forming and manufacturing components with higher requirements on forming precision and performance.
However, there is no report on the warm forming mold of the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell, so it is urgently needed to make up the blank of the prior art and provide a warm forming mold of the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of making up the blank of the prior art and provides a mold suitable for warm forming of an aluminum alloy hemispherical shell.
The invention relates to a warm-hot forming die for an aluminum alloy hemispherical shell, which comprises a male die, a female die and a pressure plate which is detachably fixed on the female die; the lower part of the male die is a hemisphere with a cavity inside, and the bottom of the hemisphere is provided with a circular through hole; the material pressing plate is provided with a through hole; the female die is a hollow cylinder with a flange, and the inner edge of the upper end of the female die is provided with a round angle.
The outer radius of the hemisphere is R2Radius R of the circular through hole1＝k·R2Wherein k is 0.1 to 0.13.
The male die comprises an upper die block and a lower die block arranged at the lower part of the upper die block.
The upper module comprises an outer barrel and a baffle fixed at the bottom of the outer barrel, the lower module comprises an inner barrel and a hanging ring fixed on the inner barrel and positioned on the upper portion of the baffle, the lower module further comprises a hemisphere which is arranged below the inner barrel and fixedly connected with the inner barrel, the hemisphere is provided with a cavity, the length of the inner barrel is larger than the thickness of the baffle, and the height difference h between the inner barrel and the baffle is 10-200 mm.
Preferably, the wall thickness t of the hemisphere with the cavity is 50-300 mm, and preferably 80-120 mm.
Outer radius R of die hemisphere in the invention2The applicable range of (1) is 200-5000 mm, so that the radius R of the circular through hole1Is 20 to 650mm, preferably 50 to 60 mm.
The thickness of the pressing plate is 10-100 mm, and preferably 15-30 mm.
The wall thickness of the concave die is 80-300 mm, and preferably 100-150 mm.
Radius R of the fillet310 to 50mm, preferably 15 to 25 mm.
The pressing plate and the female die are provided with fixing holes, and the pressing plate and the female die further comprise fixing pin holes which are inserted into the fixing holes and fixedly connect the pressing plate and the female die.
The warm-hot forming die for the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell can be arranged on a special press for warm-hot forming and can also be arranged on a forging press and provided with an auxiliary heating and heat-preserving cylinder for use. The part of the baffle plate combined with the inner cylinder is called a positioning boss, and is matched and positioned with the through hole in the center of the pressure plate through the positioning boss before forming, and a die carrier does not need to be manufactured additionally.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the round through hole is designed at the bottom of the hemisphere of the male die, so that on one hand, friction between a plate blank at the bottom of the male die and a die is avoided, the resistance of extension deformation of metal at the bottom of the male die is reduced, and more bottom materials pass through an extension deformation compensation stretching area; on the other hand, the arrangement of the circular through holes also changes the tensile loading position, the thickness distribution of the cross section of the workpiece can be changed by reasonably designing the diameter of the circular through holes, and the thickness reduction rate of the component is reduced and controlled within 10%.
(2) The inner wall of the female die is not contacted with the plate blank, the radius of the inner edge is reasonably designed, the flowing of the plate is controlled, and the effects of controlling the wrinkling of the flange and the reduction of the thickness of the cross section can be achieved.
(3) The hollow cylinder structure of the female die can play a role in heat preservation in the sheet forming process, and is favorable for the stability of the sheet forming temperature.
(4) The upper male die block and the lower male die block can be integrated or combined, and the combined lower die block can be designed into a series of structures with different molded surfaces, so that the upper male die block and the lower male die block can be flexibly replaced according to a formed part, the production cost of the die can be reduced, and the production efficiency can be improved.
(5) The method for measuring and calculating the thinning rate of the invention cuts open along the radial direction of the hemispherical shell, and measures the thickness of the cross section at 1cm interval on the cross section, wherein the thinning rate is (the thickness of a plate blank-the minimum thickness of a formed part)/the thickness of the plate blank multiplied by 100 percent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a warm forming mold for an aluminum alloy hemispherical shell according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the male mold of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-male die, 2-pressure plate, 21-through hole, 3-female die, 4-upper module, 41-outer cylinder, 42-baffle, 5-lower module, 51-inner cylinder, 52-hanging ring, 53-hemisphere, 531-round through hole, 6-fixing pin hole, and 7-fixing hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the semi-spherical aluminum alloy shell with a radius of 200-5000 mm is formed. The die consists of a male die, a pressure plate and a female die. The male die adopts an integral form or a combined form formed by an upper die block and a lower die block, and the spherical outer diameter R of the hemisphere of the lower die block2200-5000 mm, the value is consistent with the forming target, the wall thickness t of the sphere is 50-300 mm, and the hemisphere of the lower moduleThe center of the bottom of the body is provided with a radius R1Is a circular through hole of 20 to 650mm, and R1＝k·R2Wherein k is a coefficient related to the material, and k is 0.1 to 0.13. The height h of the positioning boss is 10-200 mm, the pressure plate is a hollow plate with the thickness of 10-100 mm, the female die is of a hollow cylindrical structure with a flange and the wall thickness of 80-300 mm, and the radius R is arranged on the inner edge of the upper end of the female die3The die is characterized in that a fixing pin hole and a fixing hole with the same diameter of 10-50 mm are formed near the outer edge of the upper end of the die and in the corresponding position of the pressure plate.
Example 1
The aluminum alloy hemispherical shell warm forming die shown in fig. 1 and 2 is adopted, the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell with the diameter of 800mm is formed, and a 12mm thick 2195-O aluminum alloy plate is adopted as a plate blank. The die consists of a male die, a pressure plate and a female die, the male die adopts an integral form consisting of an upper die block and a lower die block, and the center of the bottom of a hemisphere in the lower die block is provided with a radius R1Is a circular through hole with the diameter of 52mm (k is 0.13), and the spherical outer radius R of the hemisphere of the lower module2400mm, the spherical wall thickness t of the hemisphere is 80mm, and the height h of the positioning boss is 30 mm. The pressure plate is a hollow circular plate with the thickness of 15mm, the concave die is a hollow cylindrical structure with a flange and the wall thickness of 100mm, and the radius R of the inner edge fillet at the upper end of the concave die3The diameter of the fixing pin hole is 20mm, and the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole with the diameter of 10mm are arranged near the outer edge of the upper end of the female die and at the corresponding position of the pressure plate.
Before forming, a plate blank is placed above the female die, the pressure plate is placed above the plate blank, the positioning piece penetrates through the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole to fix the pressure plate and the plate blank, finally the positioning boss is matched with the through hole in the center of the pressure plate for positioning, and then forming is carried out under the conditions that the pressing speed of the male die is 0.2mm/s and the forming temperature is 420 ℃. The maximum reduction rate of the finally obtained formed component is 4.8%, and the flange area has no corrugation.
Example 2
The aluminum alloy hemispherical shell warm forming die shown in fig. 1 and 2 is adopted, the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell with the diameter of 1200mm is formed, and a 8mm thick 2050-O aluminum alloy plate is adopted as a plate blank. The die consists of a male die, a pressure plate and a female die, wherein the male die adoptsThe bottom center of the hemisphere in the lower module is provided with a radius R1Is a circular through hole of 60mm (k is 0.1), and the spherical outer radius R of the hemisphere of the lower module2600mm, the spherical wall thickness t of the hemisphere is 120mm, and the height h of the positioning boss is 40 mm. The pressure plate is a hollow circular plate with the thickness of 25mm, the concave die is a hollow cylindrical structure with a flange and the wall thickness of 150mm, and the radius R of the inner edge fillet at the upper end of the concave die3The diameter of the fixing pin hole is 25mm, and the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole with the diameter of 15mm are arranged near the outer edge of the upper end of the female die and at the corresponding position of the pressure plate.
Before forming, a plate blank is placed above the female die, the pressure plate is placed above the plate blank, the positioning piece penetrates through the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole to fix the pressure plate and the plate blank, finally the positioning boss is matched with the through hole in the center of the pressure plate for positioning, and then forming is carried out under the conditions that the pressing speed of the male die is 0.3mm/s and the forming temperature is 400 ℃. The maximum reduction rate of the finally obtained formed component is 6.3%, and the flange area has no wrinkles.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum alloy hemispherical shell warm forming die shown in fig. 1 and 2 is adopted, the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell with the diameter of 800mm is formed, and a 12mm thick 2195-O aluminum alloy plate is adopted as a plate blank. The die consists of a male die, a pressure plate and a female die, the male die adopts an integral form consisting of an upper die block and a lower die block, the center of the bottom of a hemisphere in the lower die block is not provided with a circular through hole, and the spherical outer radius R of the hemisphere of the lower die block is2400mm, the spherical wall thickness t of the hemisphere is 80mm, and the height h of the positioning boss is 30 mm. The pressure plate is a hollow circular plate with the thickness of 15mm, the concave die is a hollow cylindrical structure with a flange and the wall thickness of 100mm, and the radius R of the inner edge fillet at the upper end of the concave die3The diameter of the fixing pin hole is 20mm, and the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole with the diameter of 10mm are arranged near the outer edge of the upper end of the female die and at the corresponding position of the pressure plate.
Before forming, a plate blank is placed above the female die, the pressure plate is placed above the plate blank, the positioning piece penetrates through the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole to fix the pressure plate and the plate blank, finally the positioning boss is matched with the through hole in the center of the pressure plate for positioning, and then forming is carried out under the conditions that the pressing speed of the male die is 0.2mm/s and the forming temperature is 420 ℃. The final formed member had a maximum reduction of 17%.
Comparative example 2
The aluminum alloy hemispherical shell warm forming die shown in fig. 1 and 2 is adopted, the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell with the diameter of 800mm is formed, and a 12mm thick 2195-O aluminum alloy plate is adopted as a plate blank. The die consists of a male die, a pressure plate and a female die, the male die adopts an integral form consisting of an upper die block and a lower die block, and the center of the bottom of a hemisphere in the lower die block is provided with a radius R1Is a circular through hole of 30mm, and the spherical outer radius R of the hemisphere of the lower module2400mm, the spherical wall thickness t of the hemisphere is 80mm, and the height h of the positioning boss is 30 mm. The pressure plate is a hollow circular plate with the thickness of 15mm, the concave die is a hollow cylindrical structure with a flange and the wall thickness of 100mm, and the radius R of the inner edge fillet at the upper end of the concave die3The diameter of the fixing pin hole is 20mm, and the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole with the diameter of 10mm are arranged near the outer edge of the upper end of the female die and at the corresponding position of the pressure plate.
Before forming, a plate blank is placed above the female die, the pressure plate is placed above the plate blank, the positioning piece penetrates through the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole to fix the pressure plate and the plate blank, finally the positioning boss is matched with the through hole in the center of the pressure plate for positioning, and then forming is carried out under the conditions that the pressing speed of the male die is 0.2mm/s and the forming temperature is 420 ℃. The final formed member had a maximum reduction of 11%.
Comparative example 3
The aluminum alloy hemispherical shell warm forming die shown in fig. 1 and 2 is adopted, the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell with the diameter of 800mm is formed, and a 12mm thick 2195-O aluminum alloy plate is adopted as a plate blank. The die consists of a male die, a pressure plate and a female die, the male die adopts an integral form consisting of an upper die block and a lower die block, and the center of the bottom of a hemisphere in the lower die block is provided with a radius R1Is a circular through hole of 60mm, and the spherical outer radius R of the hemisphere of the lower module2400mm, the spherical wall thickness t of the hemisphere is 80mm, and the height h of the positioning boss is 30 mm. The pressure plate is a hollow circular plate with the thickness of 15mm, the concave die is a hollow cylindrical structure with a flange and the wall thickness of 100mm, and the radius R of the inner edge fillet at the upper end of the concave die3Is 20mm in length, and is,fixing pin holes and fixing holes with the diameter of 10mm are arranged near the outer edge of the upper end of the female die and at the corresponding positions of the pressure plate.
Before forming, a plate blank is placed above the female die, the pressure plate is placed above the plate blank, the positioning piece penetrates through the fixing pin hole and the fixing hole to fix the pressure plate and the plate blank, finally the positioning boss is matched with the through hole in the center of the pressure plate for positioning, and then forming is carried out under the conditions that the pressing speed of the male die is 0.2mm/s and the forming temperature is 420 ℃. The final formed member had a maximum reduction of 10.3%.
Compared with the comparative example 1, the round through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the hemisphere of the lower male die block, so that friction between a bottom plate blank of the male die and a die is avoided, the resistance of extension deformation of metal at the bottom of the male die is reduced, and more bottom materials pass through the extension deformation compensation stretching area; on the other hand, as can be seen from comparison of example 1 with comparative examples 2 to 3, the arrangement of the circular through-hole changes the tensile loading position, and the radius R of the circular through-hole of the present invention1Range of R1＝k·R2Wherein k is 0.1 to 0.13, when the outer radius R of the mold is2Radius R of circular through hole when fixed1The range is fixed, the thickness distribution of the cross section of the workpiece can be changed by reasonably designing the diameter of the circular through hole, and the thickness reduction rate of the component is reduced (controlled within 10%).

Claims (8)

1. The warm forming die for the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell is characterized by comprising a male die (1), a female die (3) and a pressure plate (2) which is detachably fixed on the female die (3); the lower part of the male die (1) is a hemisphere (53) with a cavity inside, and the bottom of the hemisphere (53) is provided with a circular through hole (531); the material pressing plate (2) is provided with a through hole (21); the female die (3) is a hollow cylinder with a flange, the inner edge of the upper end of the female die (3) is provided with a fillet, and the outer radius of the hemisphere (53) is R2Radius R of the circular through hole (531)1＝k·R2Wherein k is 0.1 to 0.13.
2. A warm forming die for an aluminum alloy hemispherical shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the male die (1) comprises an upper die block (4) and a lower die block (5) disposed at a lower portion of the upper die block (4).
3. The warm forming die for the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper module (4) comprises an outer cylinder (41) and a baffle (42) fixed at the bottom of the outer cylinder (41), the lower module (5) comprises an inner cylinder (51) and a hanging ring (52) fixed on the inner cylinder (51) and positioned at the upper part of the baffle (42), the lower module further comprises a hemisphere (53) which is arranged below the inner cylinder (51) and fixedly connected with the inner cylinder (51) and is provided with a cavity inside, the length of the inner cylinder (51) is greater than the thickness of the baffle (42), and the height difference h between the inner cylinder and the baffle is 10-200 mm.
4. The warm forming die for the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall thickness t of the hemisphere (53) is 50-300 mm.
5. The warm forming die for the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the pressure plate (2) is 10-100 mm.
6. The warm forming die for the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall thickness of the female die (3) is 80-300 mm.
7. A warm forming die for an aluminum alloy hemispherical shell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the radius R of the fillet310 to 50 mm.
8. The warm forming die for the aluminum alloy hemispherical shell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressure plate (2) and the female die (3) are provided with fixing holes (7), and further comprising fixing pin holes (6) inserted into the fixing holes (7) and fixedly connecting the pressure plate (2) and the female die (3).
CN201810403543.6A 2018-04-28 2018-04-28 Warm forming die for aluminum alloy hemispherical shell Active CN108637093B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110026521B (en) * 2019-05-22 2020-06-23 二重（德阳）重型装备有限公司 Combined punch device with straight section thick-wall hemispherical end socket
CN114770132B (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-10-14 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 High-strength aluminum alloy melon petal side hole electromagnetic flanging device and method

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US3750606A (en) * 1970-03-18 1973-08-07 Aluminum Co Of America Rivet fabrication
SU1498583A1 (en) * 1984-12-04 1989-08-07 Краматорский Индустриальный Институт Device for investigating slope extrusion
CN202984423U (en) * 2012-08-02 2013-06-12 河南神州重型封头有限公司 Super-thick hemispheric die
CN105149443B (en) * 2015-08-21 2017-04-12 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 Rigid blank holder deep drawing die for thin-walled hemispheric high-pressure membrane with flange
CN205120483U (en) * 2015-10-16 2016-03-30 首钢总公司 Reduce friction's bloated shape terrace die
CN107309361A (en) * 2017-08-03 2017-11-03 四川明日宇航工业有限责任公司 A kind of hemisphere method for drawing
CN107891080A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-04-10 北京航星机器制造有限公司 A kind of light body heat shaping dies of abnormal curved surface aluminum alloy thin wall pieces and its design method

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