CN100523688C - 一种超声波强化渗透脱水方法与装置 - Google Patents

一种超声波强化渗透脱水方法与装置 Download PDF

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CN100523688C
CN100523688C CNB2004100013686A CN200410001368A CN100523688C CN 100523688 C CN100523688 C CN 100523688C CN B2004100013686 A CNB2004100013686 A CN B2004100013686A CN 200410001368 A CN200410001368 A CN 200410001368A CN 100523688 C CN100523688 C CN 100523688C
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淮秀兰
姜任秋
刘登瀛
孙宝芝
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Zhongkesido Nanjing Energy Storage Technology Co ltd
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Abstract

一种超声波强化渗透脱水方法与装置,室温下,将固体蔗糖溶解于水中形成蔗糖溶液,所用蔗糖溶液浓度(重量比)为:40-70%。物料为成熟、表皮光滑的新鲜水果,如苹果、梨等。渗透脱水前,先将物料切成不同厚度的薄片,放入盛有蔗糖溶液的容器内,料液比为0.5-2∶10,于室温下进行超声渗透脱水。脱水后将被脱水的物料取出称重,然后放入烘箱中烘至绝干后取出来再秤重,最后通过计算机对所得结果进行处理。本发明用于实施上述方法的装置主要为一超声波发生器,该发生器产生的超声波经超声换能棒对料液输出超声波。

Description

一种超声波强化渗透脱水方法与装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超声波强化渗透脱水方法。
本发明还涉及一种实施上述方法的装置。
背景技术
渗透脱水是指果蔬在一定温度下,放入高渗透压介质中利用膜两边的浓度不同而产生渗透压以除去其中部分水分的一种方法,经过渗透脱水的果蔬产品仍具有果蔬应有的风味、色泽、质构、营养品质,其产品的感官品质与新鲜果蔬几乎一样。渗透脱水可以作为果蔬加工的一种前处理方式,与果蔬干燥、冷冻、杀菌、储藏等方法组合使用。通常,渗透脱水是一非常缓慢的过程,因此在不影响果蔬品质的前提下有必要采用一定方法加速渗透脱水过程中的质量传递。
发明内容
已有的研究表面,超声波对渗透脱水具有显著的强化作用,强化机理可以大致概括为:超声波引起流体的宏观湍动,起到对溶液进行搅拌的作用,保持高浓度溶液的及时回流;声冲流能够削弱固液界面的边界层,减小双向扩散的外部阻力;超声波造成局部压力波动,加速物料组织的除气,使物料实际参与传质的表面积增加。这些都将加速渗透脱水过程中的质量传递。本发明正是利用超声波的这一特点,提供一种用超声波强化渗透脱水的方法,以及实施该方法的装置。
本发明提供的超声波强化渗透脱水方法为:
在室温下,将固体蔗糖溶解于水中形成蔗糖溶液,所用蔗糖溶液浓度(重量比)为:40-70%。物料为成熟、表皮光滑的新鲜水果,如苹果、梨等。渗透脱水前,先将物料切成不同厚度的薄片,放入盛有蔗糖溶液的容器内,料液比为0.5-2:10,于室温下进行超声渗透脱水。脱水后将被脱水的物料取出称重,然后放入烘箱中烘至绝干后取出来再秤重,最后通过计算机对所得结果进行处理。物料的脱水率、干物质增加率及含水率分别采用式(1)、(2)和(3)进行计算:
DW = W 0 - W t DW 0 - - - ( 1 )
ID = DM t - DM 0 DM 0 - - - ( 2 )
CW = W t DW 0 - - - ( 3 )
式中:DW-----物料的脱水率,g/g初始干物质
      W0-----物料的初始含水量,g;
      Wt-----渗透t时刻物料的含水量,g;
      DM0-----物料初始干物质的含量,g;
      ID-----物料干物质的增加率,g干物质增加量/g初始干物质
      DMt-----渗透t时刻物料干物质的含量,g;
      CW-----渗透t时刻物料的含水率,g/g初始干物质
本发明用于实施上述方法的装置主要为一超声波发生器,该发生器产生的超声波经超声换能棒对料液输出超声波。
本发明可广泛用于各类水果超声渗透脱水,与相同条件的渗透脱水相比,采用超声强化可大幅度提高物料的脱水率。
附图说明
图1为本发明物料含水率与干物质增加率随声强的变化曲线。
图2为本发明物料含水率与干物质增加率随作用时间段的变化曲线。
图3为本发明的超声波强化渗透脱水的装置示意图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1,为本发明的装置示意图。本发明的超声波发生器1可以是但不局限于88-1型超声波发生器,超声波经超声波换能棒2输入到料液中,其输出频率为14-20kHz,声强在20-50W/cm2范围内,功率在0-250W可调。需要说明的是,本发明采用的装置就其本身来说,是一公知的装置,但将其用来进行超声波强化渗透脱水未见有报道。
将纯度为99%的优质固体蔗糖溶解于水中并经过充分搅拌形成均匀的蔗糖溶液,本发明所用蔗糖溶液浓度按重量比计可以是40-70%,本例采用40%。将成熟、表皮光滑的苹果、梨等洗净、去皮、去核,切成不同厚度的薄片,用电子天平称重后放入盛有蔗糖溶液的容器3内,料液比按重量计在0.5-2:10范围内,本例为1:10。将超声换能棒2插入容器中,换能棒2的末端距液面保持约2cm。于室温下进行超声渗透脱水。脱水后将被脱水的物料取出称重,然后放入烘箱中烘至绝干后取出来再秤重,最后通过计算机对所得结果进行处理。物料的脱水率、干物质增加率及含水率分别采用式(1)、(2)和(3)进行计算:
DW = W 0 - W t DM 0 - - - ( 1 )
ID = DM t - DM 0 DM 0 - - - ( 2 )
CW = W t DM 0 - - - ( 3 )
式中:DW-----物料的脱水率,g/g初始干物质
      W0-----物料的初始含水量,g;
      Wt-----渗透t时刻物料的含水量,g;
      DM0-----物料初始干物质的含量,g;
      ID-----物料干物质的增加率,g干物质增加量/g初始干物质
      DMt-----渗透t时刻物料干物质的含量,g;
      CW-----渗透t时刻物料的含水率,g/g初始干物质
按照上述方法,本发明进行强化渗透脱水的结果如图1和图2所示。图1为当声强度从0.5A(输入电功率125W,声强约40W/cm2)增加到0.9A(输入电功率225W,声强约72W/cm2)时,物料水分含量与干物质增加率的变化。其中,物料厚度为5mm,脱水时间为30min,溶液浓度为40%。
图2为5mm厚度的物料浸没在40%的蔗糖溶液中,在0.7A的声强作用下进行超声波强化渗透脱水的曲线,总脱水时间为40min,超声波作用时间为10min,但作用的时间段不同,分别作用于脱水开始后的第一个10min、第二个10min、第三个10min和最后10min。由图可以看出,虽然超声波的作用时间均为10min,但由于作用的时间段不同,其脱水效果有很显著的差别。作用于脱水开始的第一个10min的脱水效果好于后三种情况,且作用时间段越靠前,其脱水效果越好。

Claims (5)

1、一种超声波强化渗透脱水方法,将固体蔗糖溶解于水中形成蔗糖溶液,所用蔗糖溶液其浓度按重量比计为40-70%;将待脱水处理的物料切成片状,放入盛有蔗糖溶液的容器内,料液比为0.5-2:10,于室温下进行超声渗透脱水;
脱水后将被脱水物料取出称重,然后放入烘箱中烘至绝干后取出再秤重,通过计算机对所得结果进行处理;
物料的脱水率、干物质增加率及含水率分别采用式(1)、(2)和(3)进行计算:
DW = W 0 - W t DM 0 - - - ( 1 )
ID = DM t - DM 0 DM 0 - - - ( 2 )
CW = W t DM 0 - - - ( 3 )
式中:DW-----物料的脱水率,g/g初始干物质
      W0-----物料的初始含水量,g;
      Wt-----渗透t时刻物料的含水量,g;
      DM0-----物料初始干物质的含量,g;
      ID-----物料干物质的增加率,g干物质增加量/g初始干物质
      DMt-----渗透t时刻物料干物质的含量,g;
      CW-----渗透t时刻物料的含水率,g/g初始干物质
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述蔗糖纯度为99%。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述物料为成熟、表皮光滑的新鲜水果。
4、一种实施权利要求1所述方法的装置,为一超声波发生器,该发生器产生的超声波经超声换能棒对料液输出超声波,其输出频率为14-20kHz,声强在20-50W/cm2范围内,功率为0-250W可调。
5、如权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述换能棒的末端距离液面为1-3cm。
CNB2004100013686A 2004-01-07 2004-01-07 一种超声波强化渗透脱水方法与装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100523688C (zh)

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CN1312445C (zh) * 2005-11-17 2007-04-25 上海交通大学 超声波强化再生除湿的除湿空调装置
CN108157748A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-15 贺州智桂生物科技有限公司 微波制备香菇干的方法
CN108041152A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-18 贺州智桂生物科技有限公司 一种微波干燥制备菠萝干的方法
CN108157756A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-15 贺州智桂生物科技有限公司 超声渗透脱水联合微波干燥制备苹果干的方法
CN108157757A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-15 贺州智桂生物科技有限公司 制备猕猴桃干的方法

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JP2000342172A (ja) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-12 Farm Wakayama Kk 青果物の制菌方法及び装置
US6312745B1 (en) * 2000-07-07 2001-11-06 The University Of British Columbia Process for dehydration of berries
CN2535032Y (zh) * 2001-11-09 2003-02-12 姚明勤 中药高效快速声磁辐射提取器

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000342172A (ja) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-12 Farm Wakayama Kk 青果物の制菌方法及び装置
US6312745B1 (en) * 2000-07-07 2001-11-06 The University Of British Columbia Process for dehydration of berries
CN2535032Y (zh) * 2001-11-09 2003-02-12 姚明勤 中药高效快速声磁辐射提取器

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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