CN100517845C - Device for sufficiently utilizing hydrogen and oxygen of fuel cell - Google Patents
Device for sufficiently utilizing hydrogen and oxygen of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN100517845C CN100517845C CNB2005101116504A CN200510111650A CN100517845C CN 100517845 C CN100517845 C CN 100517845C CN B2005101116504 A CNB2005101116504 A CN B2005101116504A CN 200510111650 A CN200510111650 A CN 200510111650A CN 100517845 C CN100517845 C CN 100517845C
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- hydrogen
- oxygen
- fuel cell
- trunk line
- air inlet
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
This invention relates to a device for fully utilizing H2 and O2 of fuel cells including a H2 or O2 main pipeline, a H2 or O2 inlet pressure adjusting valve and a fuel cell stack, in which, the main pipeline is connected with the inlet and is set with a branch pipeline on the same direction, the other end of which is connected with the outlet of them, the inlet pressure adjusting valve adjusts the pressure of the H2 or O2 entering into the fuel cell stack to ensure that the H2 or O2 measurement ratio providing the stack is greater than 1.0 and the rest coming out from the outlet of the stack enters into the main pipeline by being absorbed by the branch one to be used in circulation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, relate in particular to a kind of hydrogen of fuel cell and device that oxygen makes full use of of making.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.The internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly are called for short MEA), and membrane electrode (MEA) is made up of as carbon paper a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder.The catalyst that contains the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion on two boundary faces of film and carbon paper is as the metal platinum catalyst.The membrane electrode both sides can electrochemistry will take place with conductive body to be sent out and answers the electronics that generates in the process, draws by external circuit, constitutes current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and electrochemical reaction takes place on catalyst surface, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (as oxygen), as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper), and the generation electrochemical reaction obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion by infiltration.The cation of coming in the anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane helps the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, proton exchange membrane is separated the air-flow and the oxygen containing air-flow of hydrogen fuel, they can not mixed mutually and produces explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every guide plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These guide plates can be the pole plates of metal material, also can be the pole plates of graphite material.Fluid duct on these guide plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant the anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the baffler of anode fuel and the baffler of cathode oxidant.These bafflers are both as current collector plate, and also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, the guiding gutter on the baffler acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of anode, cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation process.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells can be connected into battery pack or be unified into battery pack by the mode that tiles usually by straight folded mode.In straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, and wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together by certain way and forms a battery pack.Battery pack tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (hydrogen-rich gas that obtains as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to cooling fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, and the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated is also taken battery pack out of and dispelled the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when discharging, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of steam state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells both can be used as the dynamical system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as movable type or stationary power generation station again.
In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of whole fuel cell generation, following requirement is arranged in fuel, oxidant supply with aspect utilizing:
(1) pressure of fuel, oxidant fueling battery electrode two sides is in a basic balance.
(2) metering of fuel supply fuel cell ratio is generally greater than 1.0.
(3) metering of oxidant fueling battery ratio is generally greater than 1.0.
(4) cannot leave fuel cell in vain greater than the excessive parts of 1.0 metering ratios during fuel (particularly pure hydrogen), oxidant when pure oxygen (particularly) fueling battery and bleed off, make full use of but should manage circulation.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a kind of in all fuel cells, is fuel with pure hydrogen generally, is oxidant with pure oxygen (or air).For fuel, the oxidant energy conversion efficiency that improves whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells electricity generation system, also must satisfy above four requirements, particularly the 4th point, to make full use of fuel, oxidant require significant.
For reach fuel, oxidant makes full use of this requirement, and a patented technology is arranged at present, US Patent5, the method for introducing on 441,821, as shown in Figure 1, this technology has adopted a kind of device that is jet pump.This device utilizes high pressure admission end (among the figure 126) at a high speed by long and narrow runner and tiny hole, road (among the figure 202), be ejected into the low pressure outlet side, and cause vacuum state at suction end (among the figure 128), to return than 1.0 residual fuel or oxidant injection greater than metering in the fuel cell, reach the purpose that circulation makes full use of.
Though this a kind of jet pump technology and jet pump method of work can reach the purpose that fuel or oxidant make full use of, there is following unsurmountable shortcoming:
(1) the jet pump processing request is very high, and difficulty is very big, to the different flow requirement, and the various inlet end, outlet side pressure requires and the requirement of different jet pump amount; Jet pump processing difference is very big, can't reach versatility.
(2) the jet pump inlet end often requires the pressure of fuel or oxidant very high, through behind the jet pump, causes the pressure of outlet side to reduce again suddenly, causes jet pump inlet end and outlet side pressure differential very big.Keep constant relatively and fuel in the fuel cell or oxidant supply pressure are generally necessary, so must before the jet pump inlet end, add a kind of very high pressure control set for adjusting of requirement of controlling, when the fuel cell consume fuel, when oxidant content changes, forefront pressure can be regulated automatically.When this pressure control set for adjusting is malfunctioning, jet pump inlet end pressure will equate with outlet side pressure, cause to bear superhigh pressure in the fuel cell and cause breakage.
(3) this pressure automatic adjusting device mainly by pressure sensor and electromagnetically operated valve, electric control valve is formed, and is a kind of very expensive device, causes out of control easily.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention be exactly provide in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists a kind of simple in structure, control conveniently, the lower-cost hydrogen of fuel cell and the device that oxygen makes full use of of making.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by technical scheme once: a kind of hydrogen of fuel cell and device that oxygen makes full use of of making, it is characterized in that, comprise hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line, hydrogen or oxygen inlet pressure adjusting valve, fuel cell pack, described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line link to each other with the hydrogen or the oxygen inlet of fuel cell pack, the same flow direction of described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line is provided with manifold, and the other end of this manifold links to each other with the hydrogen of fuel cell pack or oxygen outlet; Described hydrogen or oxygen inlet pressure adjusting valve are regulated hydrogen or the oxygen pressure that enters fuel cell pack, this hydrogen or oxygen pressure should be guaranteed the hydrogen of fueling battery pile or oxygen stoichiometry than greater than 1.0, and the unnecessary hydrogen or the oxygen that come out from fuel cell pack hydrogen or oxygen outlet attract back hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line to recycle by manifold.
Described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line are divided into more than one or one, and the same flow direction of this or above hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line respectively is provided with manifold.
The import of described above hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line is connected as a single entity, the back, outlet interflow of described above hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line links to each other with the hydrogen or the oxygen inlet of fuel cell pack, and back, a described above manifold interflow links to each other with the hydrogen or the oxygen outlet of fuel cell pack.
The junction of described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line and manifold is narrow venturi shape.
The same flow direction of described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line and manifold is the acute angle setting.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) fuel battery inside fuel or oxidant stress are easy to control, only need mechanical type voltage stabilizing or pressure regulating valve to get final product low price.
(2) this new invention apparatus and method are implemented relatively facility.
(3) fuel-cell fuel or oxidant can fully obtain utilizing.
(4) be processed into narrow venturi shape at manifold place sprue,, strengthen attraction the fluid of manifold to increase rate of flow of fluid.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the prior art constructions schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of narrow venturi in fuel cell pack hydrogen of the present invention or the oxygen intake pipe;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another kind of narrow venturi in fuel cell pack hydrogen of the present invention or the oxygen intake pipe.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 4, when fluid I passes through trunk line 5 and narrow venturi 16 fast, the fluid II in the manifold 6 will be caused in the trunk line 5 by suction.Narrow venturi 16 purposes are to increase the flow velocity of fluid to the manifold place, enhance attraction.Trunk line 5 is linked to each other with the fuel or the oxidant inlet of fuel cell, manifold 6 is linked to each other with fuel or oxidant outlet in the fuel cell.And the pressure that the fuel or the oxidant of trunk line spare are supplied with to fuel cell passes through the pressure regulating valve adjustment, can reach fuel battery inside fuel or the oxidant operating pressure is identical relatively, and fuel or the oxidant parts greater than 1.0 metering ratios are attracted by the manifold circulation.
For the fluid of strengthening in the trunk line attracts the fluid in the manifold, can achieve the goal by following measure:
As shown in Figure 5, with the trunk line bifurcated, the trunk line caliber is dwindled, the trunk line inner fluid splits into III, and IV makes the trunk line 5 of fluid after shunting, thereby flow velocity is accelerated to reach reinforcement to manifold 6 in 5 ', and 6 ' interior fluid attracts purpose.
With trunk line 5,5 ' import is connected as a single entity, and with trunk line 5, back, 5 ' interflow links to each other with the fuel or the oxidant inlet of fuel cell, with manifold 6, back, 6 ' interflow links to each other with the fuel or the oxidant outlet of fuel cell, can reach to improve in the fuel cell to suck back trunk line greater than the fuel or the oxidant excess enthalpy part of measuring than 1.0 by manifold.Certainly, also trunk line can be split into several (as 3,10 etc.), several manifold roads are connected in respectively respectively shunt trunk line, and several trunk lines are collaborated into fuel cell import, will several be connected in the fuel cell outlet behind the interflow, manifold roads, and can reach the operation metering ratio that improves fuel in the fuel cell or oxidant, and make 100% to make full use of.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, be 10 kilowatts of fuel cell generations of a kind of hydrogen casement, can store 2 to 1000 atmospheric hydrogen in the hydrogen compression container 1, the 3 back voltage stabilizings of process voltage-regulation voltage-stabilization valve are under 0.1 to 5 atmospheric certain pressure.It is 0.1 to 8 atmospheric certain particular job pressure that air pressure pump 2 can be supplied the air pressure size, behind voltage-regulation voltage-stabilization valve 4, voltage stabilizing with the decompression of above-mentioned hydrogen, voltage stabilizing after pressure equity roughly.
Hydrogen improves at narrow venturi 16 place's flow velocitys, and manifold 6 is produced pull of vacuum through supply main flow deferent 5.Hydrogen enters fuel cell from fuel cell inlet 7, metering generates water than the subparticipation electrochemical reaction that is 1.0, export 8 than the redundance that is 1.0 from fuel cell and come out to enter steam trap 9 greater than metering, enter manifold 6 after dividing the part of anhydrating, and again in the circulation suction main flow pipeline.
Air is through after the voltage stabilizing, enters from fuel cell inlet 14 to export 10 from fuel cell and directly discharge, and there is no need to circulate makes full use of.
In addition, fuel cell 20 also needs the cold air fluid to circulate through fluid pump 13, through radiator 21 heat radiations, reaches the cooling purpose.
When fuel cell 20 consumed hydrogen and regulated output voltage, electric current with certain speed, hydrogen can reach and make full use of.
As shown in Figure 3, be 10 kilowatts of fuel cell generations of a kind of hydrogen-oxygen type, hydrogen compression container 1, oxygen compression container 2 ' respectively can be stored 2 to 1000 atmospheric hydrogen and oxygen.Behind hydrogen, oxygen supply pressure maintaining valve 3,4 voltage-regulation voltage-stabilizations, hydrogen, oxygen supply fuel cell pressure are stabilized under 0.1 to 5 atmospheric certain pressure, and two pressure are roughly reciprocity.Respectively improve at narrow venturi 16,15 place's flow velocitys hydrogen, each process supply main flow deferent 5,11 back of oxygen, and each is to manifold 6,17 generation pulls of vacuum.Hydrogen, oxygen respectively enter the fuel cell metering from fuel cell inlet 7,14 and participate in electrochemical reaction generation water than the hydrogen partial and the oxygen that are 1.0, and by fuel cell 20 outside output currents, voltage.Respectively from fuel cell outlet 8,10 come out respectively enter steam trap 9,12 than the hydrogen that is 1.0 redundance with oxygen greater than metering, respectively enter manifold 6,17 after dividing the part of anhydrating, and in each suction main flow pipeline that circulates again.
In addition, fuel cell 20 also needs cooling fluid to circulate through fluid pump 13, through radiator 21 heat radiations, reaches the cooling purpose.
When fuel cell 20 consumed hydrogen and oxygen and regulated output voltage, electric current with certain speed, hydrogen and oxygen all can reach and make full use of.
Claims (4)
1. one kind can make the hydrogen of fuel cell and the device that oxygen makes full use of, it is characterized in that, comprise hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line, hydrogen or oxygen inlet pressure adjusting valve and fuel cell pack, described hydrogen air inlet trunk line links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack, the same flow direction of described hydrogen air inlet trunk line is provided with manifold, and the other end of this manifold links to each other with the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell pack; Described hydrogen inlet pressure adjusting valve is regulated the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure that enters fuel cell pack, this Hydrogen Vapor Pressure should be guaranteed the hydrogen metering ratio of fueling battery pile greater than 1.0, and the unnecessary hydrogen that comes out from the fuel cell pack hydrogen outlet attracts back hydrogen air inlet trunk line to recycle by manifold; Described oxygen air inlet trunk line links to each other with the oxygen inlet of fuel cell pack, and the same flow direction of described oxygen air inlet trunk line is provided with manifold, and the other end of this manifold links to each other with the oxygen outlet of fuel cell pack; Described oxygen inlet pressure adjusting valve is regulated the oxygen pressure that enters fuel cell pack, this oxygen pressure should be guaranteed the oxygen stoichiometry ratio of fueling battery pile greater than 1.0, and the unnecessary oxygen that comes out from the fuel cell pack oxygen outlet attracts back oxygen air inlet trunk line to recycle by manifold; The junction of described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line and manifold is narrow venturi shape.
2. a kind of hydrogen of fuel cell and device that oxygen makes full use of of making according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line are divided into more than one, and the same flow direction of this above hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line respectively is provided with manifold.
3. a kind of hydrogen of fuel cell and device that oxygen makes full use of of making according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the import of a described above hydrogen air inlet trunk line is connected as a single entity, the back, outlet interflow of a described above hydrogen air inlet trunk line links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack, and back, a described above manifold interflow links to each other with the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell pack; The import of a described above oxygen air inlet trunk line is connected as a single entity, the back, outlet interflow of a described above oxygen air inlet trunk line links to each other with the oxygen inlet of fuel cell pack, and back, a described above manifold interflow links to each other with the oxygen outlet of fuel cell pack.
4. a kind of hydrogen of fuel cell and device that oxygen makes full use of of making according to claim 1 is characterized in that the same flow direction of described hydrogen or oxygen air inlet trunk line and manifold is the acute angle setting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101116504A CN100517845C (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2005-12-19 | Device for sufficiently utilizing hydrogen and oxygen of fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101116504A CN100517845C (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2005-12-19 | Device for sufficiently utilizing hydrogen and oxygen of fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1988235A CN1988235A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| CN100517845C true CN100517845C (en) | 2009-07-22 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101116504A Active CN100517845C (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2005-12-19 | Device for sufficiently utilizing hydrogen and oxygen of fuel cell |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105470542B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2023-08-25 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Fuel cell |
| CN111244501B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Integrated reversible fuel cell system based on dual-function water circulation and electric pile thereof |
| CN110459788B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2024-03-22 | 苏州久安通氢能源科技有限公司 | Hydrogen recovery device of fuel cell system |
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| CN1988235A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
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Owner name: STATE GRID SHANGHAI ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH CO., LTD. Effective date: 20131223 Owner name: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH CO., LTD. Effective date: 20131223 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 201401 FENGXIAN, SHANGHAI TO: 200002 HUANGPU, SHANGHAI |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20131223 Address after: 200002 Nanjing East Road, Shanghai, No. 181, No. Patentee after: State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company Patentee after: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd. Address before: 201401, Fengxian Shanghai Industrial Development Zone, dragon Yang Industrial Park, an international 27 Patentee before: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd. |