CN100514000C - 速度和方向齿轮齿传感器组件 - Google Patents

速度和方向齿轮齿传感器组件 Download PDF

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CN100514000C
CN100514000C CNB2006101413755A CN200610141375A CN100514000C CN 100514000 C CN100514000 C CN 100514000C CN B2006101413755 A CNB2006101413755 A CN B2006101413755A CN 200610141375 A CN200610141375 A CN 200610141375A CN 100514000 C CN100514000 C CN 100514000C
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CN101071070A (zh
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K·P·欧康纳
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Littelfuse Inc
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Joyson Safety Systems Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00Details of instruments
    • G01P1/02Housings
    • G01P1/026Housings for speed measuring devices, e.g. pulse generator
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
    • G01D5/2451Incremental encoders
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/488Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by variable reluctance detectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields

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  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

两个每个包括两个霍尔效应传感器(34)的传感器模块(26,28),相对于彼此和相对于在一齿轮齿传感器组件(20)中的一电路板(24)被定位。传感器模块(26,28)被安排在一定位表面的平面相对于彼此转动120°,并向彼此倾斜15°。传感器引线(52)以一98.64°的角度γ被弯曲,从而在每个传感器上的引线(52)垂直地经过在一单一电路板(24)中的通孔,该电路板远离在传感器之间的中途一点上相切于齿轮的一平面以一4.30°的角度倾斜。传感器包装由安排以相对于彼此和电路板(24)定位传感器模块(26,28)的一塑料安装支架形成。第一两个角度被选定,且第二两个角度被确定,从而传感器被垂直地插入电路板(24)。

Description

速度和方向齿轮齿传感器组件
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及使用于传感齿轮转动的磁场传感器,尤其涉及被安装以检测铁齿轮齿的霍尔效应传感器。
背景技术
为了控制使用反馈的电动机,有必要使用传感器来检测电动机的运行。假如电动机被使用来驱动铁齿轮,一能够检测铁齿轮转动的简单的和可靠的传感器可以基于霍尔效应传感器被构造。包括一磁铁和一铁磁极片和一个或两个霍尔效应传感器的复杂的传感器模块可以从许多制造商中得到。当传感器模块定位于霍尔效应传感器距离铁齿轮的外边缘大约0到2.5mm处时,经过霍尔效应传感器的齿轮齿的通道产生了被霍尔效应传感器所检测到的一磁场强度的增加。通过使用包括两个间隔的霍尔效应传感器的一传感器模块,当霍尔效应传感器被排列成沿齿轮的电动机的圆周方向间隔时,检测齿轮的电动机的速度和方向是可能的。然而,通过使用两个间隔分离的且也排列成间隔是齿轮齿的半宽的倍数的传感器模块,以致于产生一积分输出来允许确定齿轮的电动机的方向,可以达到处理传感器的输出的更灵敏性和更简易性。
为了对于更小齿的齿轮有更好的解决方法,在一单个传感器模块内控制两个霍尔效应传感器的间隔是有利的。不考虑生产一用于特定应用的独特的传感器的额外费用,通过转动传感器模块从而转动在传感器平面中的所包括的霍尔效应传感器,来调整在一单个传感器装置中的诸霍尔效应传感器有效间隔是可能的,因此相对于在前进齿轮齿的前沿的一线上,霍尔效应传感器之间的距离被缩短。假如被转动来控制每个传感器模块上的诸霍尔效应传感器之间有效间隔的两个霍尔效应传感器被使用,会产生以适当的转动和相对于彼此和电动机齿轮的角度位置安装两个传感器模块的问题。
发明内容
本发明的齿轮齿传感器组件使用了两个传感器模块,每个传感器模块包括两个霍尔效应传感器。每个传感器模块具有一塑料包装,该塑料包装具有延伸自其中的引线。在每个传感器模块中的霍尔效应传感器间隔分离,并定位于一磁铁和塑料包装的一定位表面之间。每个传感器模块被定位相切于和间隔于一铁齿轮。传感器模块绕齿轮的圆周间隔,从而它们通过一15°的角度β分开,且间隔是齿轮齿半宽的倍数,从而来自传感器模块的输出可以被结合来产生一积分输出。每个传感器模块在定位表面的平面中被转动,从而两个包含在传感器模块中的霍尔效应传感器之间的间隔,相对于当它经过在传感器模块中的两个霍尔效应传感器时代表了一前进齿轮齿的线被缩短了。因此,传感器模块被转动,从而由霍尔效应传感器之间的间隔限定的一方向相对于前进齿轮齿的线被转动一30°的角度α,通过一半,即正弦(30°),有效地减小了传感器之间的间隔。最终结果是,为了15°的总倾斜角度,传感器定位表面朝向彼此倾斜7.5°,并相对于彼此转动120°。给定了两个选定的角度α和β:在定位表面的平面转动30°,且定位表面朝向彼此倾斜7.5°,确定两个其它的角度γ和μ,从而随着垂直于相同电路板的平面的引线,传感器模块都可以被安装。每个传感器模块具有延伸自平行于定位表面的塑料包装的四引线。引线延伸远离塑料包装一短距离,并都在一轴线附近参考定位表面的平面被弯曲一确定的98.64°的角度γ。弯曲轴线是一平行于由霍尔效应传感器之间的间隔限定的方向的线。当弯曲确定为98.64°的角度γ时,假如电路板远离在传感器模块之间的中途一点上相切于齿轮的一平面,以一确定的4.30°的角度μ倾斜,在每个传感器模块上的引线会垂直地经过在单一电路板中的孔。
一填充尼龙6/6的玻璃安装支架被使用来以选定的角度α和β相对于彼此定位传感器模块。其余的角度γ和μ通过计算或通过反复试验被确定。安装支架通过可以被加热打桩的突出物以确定的角度μ被安装到一电路板,且具有以确定角度γ弯曲的引线的传感器模块然后可以被插入安装支架并通过连接的电路板。
外壳定位了第一传感器模块和第二传感器模块,从而由第一传感器模块上的霍尔效应传感器限定的第一平面和由第二传感器模块上的霍尔效应传感器限定的第二平面以15°的第一角度β相交,并限定了一相交的线。两个在每个传感器模块上的霍尔效应传感器的间隔限定了第一和第二方向,该第一和第二方向随着相交的线形成基本相同的第二角度α。电路板相对于相切于齿轮的平面以角度μ并通过相交的线被安装到外壳。引线弯曲角度γ被选定,从而引线垂直地向电路板延伸。
被限定为霍尔效应传感器的中心线之间的分开的角度的角度β,如图2所示,根据下面的等式被选定:
Figure C200610141375D00061
其中:
y=分开霍尔效应传感器的中心线的全齿总数
N=在目标上的齿轮齿的总数
例:
Figure C200610141375D00062
角度α被选定以产生一霍尔效应传感器34之间的间隔的所需的缩短,较佳地约30°。
角度γ被限定为霍尔效应传感器引线弯曲的角度,如图6所示,这允许通过在一印刷电路板上的孔布置,并如下计算:
Figure C200610141375D00063
例:
Figure C200610141375D00064
角度μ被限定为印刷电路板倾斜需要的角度来允许传感器模块通向垂直地排列到提供一标准通孔组件和焊点的印刷电路板的表面,并如下计算:
Figure C200610141375D00065
例:
Figure C200610141375D00066
本发明的一个特征是,两个传感器模块可以相对于彼此和根据选定的标准的一铁齿轮被定位,同时易于安装到一单一电路板。
本发明的另一个特征是,提供一齿轮齿传感器组件设计,其中两个传感器模块可以随着两个自由的角度被定位,且仍然垂直地安装到相同的电路板。
当与附图结合时,从下面的详细描述中,本发明的另外的特征和优点将是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是本发明的齿轮齿传感器组件的前视的分解的立体图。
图2是图1的齿轮齿传感器组件的俯视图。
图3是图4的齿轮齿传感器组件沿剖面线3—3的侧面剖面图。
图4是图1的齿轮齿传感器组件的前视图。
图5是图1的齿轮齿传感器组件的后视的分解的立体图。
图6是使用在图1的齿轮齿传感器组件中的传感器模块的侧视图。
图7是本发明的齿轮齿传感器组件的另一实施例的侧视图。
图8是图7的齿轮齿传感器组件的前视图。
具体实施方式
尤其参考图1—8,其中相同的标号指示类似的元件,一齿轮齿传感器组件20在图1—5中显示。齿轮齿传感器组件20包括一外壳22、一电路板24和一对传感器模块26、28。外壳22具有支持和定位一第一传感器模块26的一第一容纳空穴30和支持和定位一第二传感器模块28的一第二容纳空穴32。传感器模块26、28是例如美国马萨诸塞州Worcester的Allegro MicroSystem,Inc.出售的零件号码为ATS642LSH的装置。两个独立的霍尔效应传感器34包含在每个传感器模块26、28中。两独立霍尔效应传感器34之间的距离限定了一方向35和一间隔。对于以上的参考部件,间隔是例如2.2mm。两霍尔效应传感器34之间的有效间隔可以相对于在图4中显示的前进线36被减小,前进线36代表了在图5中显示的齿轮40的齿轮齿38的前沿。通过转动传感器模块26、28,有效间隔可以被减小,从而对应于方向35的一线相对于前进线36被转动一角度α。如图4所示,传感器模块26、28相对于代表齿轮齿的前沿的线36的以一30°的角度α转动,因此通过正弦(30°)有效地缩短了两霍尔效应传感器34之间的距离。例如,一2.2mm的实际的间隔被减小到一1.1mm的有效间隔。
如在图6中显示的,传感器模块26、28包括一磁铁42、一铁磁极片44和一霍尔效应集成电路46,两间隔分离的霍尔效应传感器34模制于限定一定位表面50的塑料包装48中。定位表面50和传感器34被定位成相切于和间隔于齿轮40的齿轮齿38约0—2.5mm。每个传感器模块26、28的转动发生在由传感器模块的定位表面50限定的一平面。如图2所示,每个霍尔效应传感器34相切于齿轮装置是必要的,从而两个由定位表面50限定的平面以15°的角度β或传感器26、28的径向的间隔相交。较佳地,角度β被选定从而当独立传感器模块26、28的输出被结合时霍尔效应传感器之间的间隔导致一积分输出。当传感器模块之间的间隔是齿轮齿的半宽的倍数时,满足这一条件。
为了得到简单和费用低廉的组件,安装支架通过突出物51以一确定的角度μ安装到一电路板,该突出物51可以被加热打桩并通过在电路板24中的孔49,从而延伸自传感器模块26、28的塑料包装的引线52垂直地延伸通过孔53,以致于以正确的角度与电路板24的单一平面相交。引线52最初自塑料包装48平行于定位表面50延伸,并在绕引线的平面中的轴线55弯曲,该轴线55平行于由霍尔效应传感器34之间的间隔限定的方向35。弯曲角度γ是98.64°,从而每个传感器模块的引线52垂直于由电路板24限定的一平面,相对于在传感器模块26、28之间的线36上相切于齿轮40的一平面,该电路板24以4.30°的角度μ倾斜。
外壳22包括安装到齿轮外壳(未显示)的安装柱54和允许外壳22通过螺钉(未显示)连接到齿轮外壳(未显示)的部分的安装耳58。
齿轮传感器120的另一实施例在图7和8中显示。除了由独立霍尔效应传感器之间的距离限定的方向35被转动60°且电路板24现在朝向而不是远离在传感器模块26、28之间的线36上相切于齿轮40的平面,齿轮传感器120与齿轮传感器20是同样的。弯曲角度γ保持98.64°,且传感器模块的引线52垂直于由电路板24限定的以-4.30°的角度μ倾斜的平面。通过简单地转换齿轮传感器20,可以达到完全相同的安排。
角度μ仍然被限定为印刷电路板的倾斜角度,需要来允许传感器模块引线垂直于提供一标准通孔组件和焊点的印刷电路板的面排列。然而,因为传感器已经被颠倒,角度的标记被改变且现在如下计算:
例:
Figure C200610141375D00092
应该理解,在圆周方向的传感器26、28的间隔以及因此的角度α和在定位表面的平面独立传感器旋转β的角度被设计成可变的,这样可以为一特定的齿轮齿传感器组件而优化。此外,应该理解,引线52弯曲的角度γ和相对于在传感器之间中途的一点相切于齿轮40的一平面的电路板的角度μ起源于诸值,该值被选定来达到引线52垂直于电路板24从而易于插入电路板的最终条件。
应该理解,角度β被选定从而独立霍尔效应传感器34相切于齿轮40,且角度α被选定来调整传感器模块26、28的独立霍尔效应传感器34之间的间隔。角度β和α都是非零的,从而电路板角度μ也是非零的。
应该理解,齿轮传感器20具有使用标准传感器模块来确定齿轮转动的方向和速度的优点。此外,在传感器模块26、28中的两个或多个霍尔效应传感器34之间的有效间隔可以通过安装的设计容易地被调整。此外,传感器模块26、28的间隔可以被选定,从而来自两个传感器模块的每个的信号有90°的相位差,允许它们结合成一积分输出,该积分输出使得控制者能够确定齿轮转动的方向。

Claims (4)

1.一种齿轮齿传感器组件(20),包括:
一外壳(22);
一第一传感器模块(26),安装到所述的外壳(22),且还包括在一第一平面上间隔分离的并限定位于所述的第一平面上的一间隔的第一方向的一第一霍尔效应传感器(34)和一第二霍尔效应传感器(34);
多个第一引线(52),自所述的第一传感器模块(26)平行于所述的第一平面延伸,所述的多个第一引线(52)的每个绕平行于所述的第一方向的一轴线以一引线弯曲角度(γ)弯曲;
一第二传感器模块(28),安装到所述的外壳(22),且还包括在一第二平面上间隔分离的并限定位于所述的第二平面上的一间隔的第二方向的一第三霍尔效应传感器(34)和一第四霍尔效应传感器(34);
多个第二引线(52),自所述的第二传感器模块(26)平行于所述的第二平面延伸,所述的多个第二引线(52)绕平行于所述的第二方向的一轴线以所述的引线弯曲角度(γ)弯曲;
一电路板(24),位于一单一平面内并被安装到所述的外壳(22);
其中,所述的外壳(22)定位所述的第一传感器模块(26)和所述的第二传感器模块(28),从而所述的第一平面和所述的第二平面以一第一角度相交并确定一相交的线,以及所述的第一间隔方向和所述的第二间隔方向各与所述的相交的线形成一基本相同的第二角度(α);以及
其中,所述的电路板(24)相对于所述的相交的线以一第三角度安装到外壳(22),从而所述的第一角度和所述的第二角度被选定为非零的,且引线弯曲角度(γ)和第三角度被选定成,所述的多个第一引线(52)和所述的多个第二引线(52)垂直地向所述的电路板(24)延伸。
2.如权利要求1所述的齿轮齿传感器组件(20),其特征在于,所述的第二角度(α)约30度。
3.一种确定在一齿轮齿传感器中的两个传感器模块(26,28)的几何位置的方法,所述的方法包括以下步骤:
确定绕待监测的一齿轮(40)的圆周的所述的齿轮齿间隔;
定位一第一传感器模块(26),从而包含在所述的第一传感器模块(26)中的第一对间隔分离的独立霍尔效应传感器(34)平行于与所述的齿轮(40)的圆周相切的一平面,以及相对于代表一齿轮齿(38)的前沿的一前进线以一角度被定位,从而在所述的第一对间隔分离的独立霍尔效应传感器(34)之间限定的一间隔相对于所述齿轮齿(38)的所述前进线被缩短;
定位与所述的第一传感器模块(26)圆周地间隔分离的一第二传感器模块(28),从而包含在所述的第二传感器模块(28)中的第二对间隔分离的独立霍尔效应传感器(34)平行于与所述的齿轮(40)的圆周相切的一平面,以及相对于代表一齿轮齿(38)的前沿的所述前进线成所述的角度,从而在所述的第二对间隔分离的独立霍尔效应传感器(34)之间限定的一间隔相对于所述齿轮齿(38)的前进线被缩短;
弯曲延伸自所述的第一传感器模块(26)的多个第一引线(52),并通过一共同角度弯曲延伸自所述的第二传感器模块(28)的多个第二引线(52);以及
安装所述的第一传感器模块(26)和所述的第二传感器模块(28)到一单一平面的电路板(24),从而所述的多个第一引线(52)和多个第二引线(52)垂直于所述的电路板(24)延伸。
4.如权利要求3所述的确定在一齿轮齿传感器中的两个传感器模块(26,28)的几何位置的方法,其特征在于,在所述的第一对间隔分离的独立霍尔效应传感器(34)之间限定的所述的间隔,相对于所述的齿轮齿(38)的前进线被缩短约一半,在所述的第二对间隔分离的独立霍尔效应传感器(34)之间限定的所述的间隔,相对于所述齿轮齿(38)的前进线被缩短约一半。
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