CN100509169C - 天冬氨酸衍生物、其制备方法和使用此天冬氨酸衍生物的泡沫浮选方法 - Google Patents
天冬氨酸衍生物、其制备方法和使用此天冬氨酸衍生物的泡沫浮选方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/0043—Organic compounds modified so as to contain a polyether group
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
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- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
- B03D1/06—Froth-flotation processes differential
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/24—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having more than one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton, e.g. aspartic acid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在泡沫浮选方法中用作用于含磷酸盐的矿物、例如磷灰石的收集剂的天冬氨酸衍生物。根据本发明,所述收集剂即使在碳酸盐矿物如方解石存在下也对含磷酸盐的矿物具有高选择性。所述衍生物具有式(I),其中RI是包含6-24个碳原子的烃基的憎水基团;RII是具有1-7个碳原子的烷基或式(B)yH的基团,其中B是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,y为1-10的数;M是选自阳离子或氢的基团。还描述了制备该衍生物的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及天冬氨酸衍生物在泡沫浮选方法中用作用于含磷酸盐的矿物、例如磷灰石的收集剂的用途。根据本发明,所述收集剂即使在碳酸盐矿物如方解石存在下也对含磷酸盐的矿物具有高选择性。本发明还公开了一种制备所述衍生物以及特殊天冬氨酸衍生物的方法。
背景技术
磷酸盐岩包含主要呈磷灰石形式的磷酸钙矿物,一般与其它矿物如硅酸盐矿物和碳酸盐矿物如方解石一起。磷灰石是还包含其它元素或基团的磷酸钙矿物的通用名,例如氟磷灰石、氯磷灰石、碳酸盐磷灰石和羟基磷灰石。
利用泡沫浮选方法从贫瘠矿物中分离有价值的磷酸盐矿物是众所周知的,其中所述磷酸盐矿物富集在漂浮物中。在这些浮选方法,脂肪酸和环烷酸及它们的金属盐经常用作收集剂。但是,这种类型的收集剂仅仅在硅酸盐矿物是所述贫瘠矿物时才能满意地发挥作用。当碳酸盐矿物如方解石存在于矿石中时,获得对磷酸盐矿物的低选择性。通过同时使用抑制剂,例如不同类型的多糖,所述选择性可得到一定程度的改进。
已经建议阴离子表面活性剂例如烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基磷酸盐和烷基磺基琥珀酸盐用作含磷酸盐的矿石的浮选剂,但它们在泡沫浮选方法中对磷酸钙的选择性和收率仍然过低。
美国专利4 358 368公开了通过使用肌氨酸盐类型的两性表面活性剂,对磷酸钙矿物的选择性可得到基本改善。所述肌氨酸盐有利地与非离子的不溶于水的极性辅助收集剂组合使用。肌氨酸盐作为收集剂的缺点在于它固定到磷灰石表面上的能力有限,这限制了在浓缩物中的磷灰石收率。
另外,美国专利4 043 902公开了一种泡沫浮选非硫化物矿石的方法,这些矿石例如是硫酸盐、碳酸盐、氟化物、钨酸盐、磷酸盐和氧化物,如天青石、重晶石、白钨矿、氟石方解石、菱镁矿、石膏、无水石膏、锡石、磷灰石等,其中使用包含三个和四个羧基的脂肪烷基取代的天冬氨酸的盐、天冬氨酸单酯和天冬氨酸二酯作为收集剂,并且在需要时与适当的脉石抑制剂共同使用。
美国专利4 790 932描述了一种泡沫浮选含非硫化矿物的矿石的方法,在该方法中,阴离子和/或非离子收集剂表面活性剂用作收集剂,并与至少一种作为辅助收集剂的N-烷基或N-链烯基天冬氨酸共同使用。
许多出版物还公开了天冬氨酸衍生物除了在泡沫浮选方法中用作收集剂之外的用途。例如,CAPLUS资料1995:721486,文件号123:122759公开了含天冬氨酸的酰胺衍生物的组合物,该组合物据说适用于身体和面部皮肤。出版物CAPLUS资料编号1993:581234,文件号119:181234描述了一种制备天冬氨酸的N-取代衍生物的方法,其中取代基是C8-C22-烷基或链烯基,或(CH2)3OC8-C22-烷基或链烯基;和可以被-OH、-COOH或-SO3H取代的C1-C22-烷基或链烯基。美国专利6 077 962公开了包含一个或两个与氮原子键连的3,3-二甲基丁基的天冬氨酸衍生物。
天冬氨酸衍生物的其它实例可见于CAPLUS资料编号1991:82448,文件号114:82448,CAPLUS资料编号1997:476570,文件号127:220944,美国专利No.6 054 260和德国专利申请DE35 11 678A1。
发明内容
根据本发明,现在发现某种天冬氨酸衍生物在还包含碳酸钙的矿石的碱性泡沫浮选方法中作为收集剂对于含磷酸钙的矿物具有优异的性能。本发明的衍生物具有下式
其中RI是包含具有6-24个碳原子的烃基的憎水基团,所述烃基优选是一价的;RII是具有1-7个碳原子、优选1-3个碳原子的烷基,或式(B)yH的基团,其中B是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,y为1-10、优选1-3的数;并且M是选自阳离子或氢的基团。式I中的氮化适宜地是叔氮原子。根据本发明,RI优选是式CH2CH(OH)CH2O(A1)x1R1的缩水甘油醚基团,其中R1是具有8-24个碳原子的烃基,A1是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x1是0-10、优选0-5的数;式CH2CH(OH)R2的羟基基团,其中R2是6-22个碳原子的烃基;式C3H6O(A3)x3R3的亚丙基醚基,其中R3是8-24个碳原子的烃基,A3是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x3是0-10、优选0-5的数,或1-5的数;或式R4的基团,其中R4是包含8-24个碳原子的烃基。合适的基团(A1)X1R1是(C2H4O)1-3R1,其中R1是10-20个碳原子的烃基,例如脂族基团或烷基苯基,其中x3为0或1-3的数。最优选RII是甲基、羟乙基或羟丙基。阳离子M一般是一价阳离子,例如钠、钾或铵阳离子。所述衍生物的量可以在宽范围内变化,但以每吨矿石计一般在10和1500克之间,优选在50和800克之间。
本发明泡沫浮选方法在浮选过程中导致高度浓缩和高的磷酸钙收率。本发明衍生物适合与作为辅助收集剂的非离子性的、不溶于水的极性化合物共同使用,从而进一步提高选择性和收率。所述极性辅助收集剂对于被所述衍生物涂覆的颗粒具有良好的亲合力,从而改善或进一步提高所述衍生物的性能。所述辅助收集剂可以按每吨矿石计0-1000克、优选5-350克的量使用。
本发明衍生物可通过本领域人员公知的反应步骤制备。例如,在碱性条件下,马来酸或其盐可以如下反应:
a)与式RIINH2的伯胺反应,其中RII具有式I定义的含义,接着使获得的中间体与下式的缩水甘油醚
其中R1、x1和A1具有上述定义的含义,
下式的环氧化物
其中R2具有上述定义,
或式HalR4的卤化物反应,其中Hal是卤素并且R4具有上述含义;
或
b)与式RINH2的伯胺反应,其中RI具有式I定义的含义,接着使获得的中间体与式HalRII的卤化物反应,其中Hal是卤素并且RII具有上述含义。
生产本发明衍生物的更具体的方法是使例如马来酸的二钠盐与甲胺反应以获得N-甲基天冬氨酸二钠盐。该反应产物然后可进一步与下式化合物反应,
其中R1、A1和x1具有上述含义
获得式(II)的天冬氨酸盐。
另一种方法是使中间体产物N-甲基天冬氨酸二钠盐与下式化合物反应,
其中R2具有上述含义,
获得式(III)的天冬氨酸盐。
另外一种方法是首先使马来酸的一钠盐与式R3(A3)x3OC3H6NH2的化合物反应,其中R3、A3和x3具有上述含义,获得下式的天冬氨酸盐中间体,
该中间体然后可与ClCH2CH2OH或CH3Cl和NaOH反应,分别形成下式的衍生物:
和
本发明还涉及具体的式I天冬氨酸衍生物,其中RI是包含具有6-24个碳原子的一价烃基的憎水性基团;RII是具有1-7个碳原子的烷基或式(B)4H的基团,其中B具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基并且y是1-10的数;M是选自阳离子或氢的基团,前提条件是当RII是具有1-7个碳原子的烷基时RI不是以下基团:RCO基,其中R是C7-C21-烷基或链烯基;基团R,其中R是C8-C22-烷基或链烯基;或(CH2)3OR基团,其中R是C8-C22-烷基或链烯基。
合适的式I化合物是其中RI为式CH2CH(OH)CH2O(A1)X1R1的缩水甘油基的那些,其中R1是具有8-24个碳原子的烃基,A1是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x1是0-10的数;式CH2CH(OH)R2的羟基基团,其中R2是具有6-22个碳原子的烃基;式C3H6O(A3)x3R3的亚丙基醚基,其中R3是具有8-24个碳原子的烃基,A3是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x3是0-10的数,或式R4的基团。
更具体的衍生物实例是选自下述的那些:
其中R1、A1和x1具有与上述相同的含义,
其中R2具有与权利要求2相同的含义,
其中R3、A3和x3具有与上述相同的含义,和
其中R3、A3和x3具有与上述相同的含义,或两种或多种式II、III、IV或V衍生物的混合物。
与本发明天冬氨酸衍生物共同使用的极性辅助收集剂适当地是式(VI)的氧化烯加成物,
RIII(A)pOH (VI)
其中RIII是具有8-22个碳原子的烃基,优选脂族基团或烷基苯基,A是具有2-4个碳原子的氧亚烷基,p是1-6的数。所述氧亚烷基适当地是氧亚乙基,或氧亚乙基和氧亚丙基的混合物。通过将氧亚丙基、特别是氧亚丁基置于加成物的端部位置,实现了较低的发泡。
另一种合适的辅助收集剂是下式的酯
其中RIV是具有7-21个碳原子的脂族基,A是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,q是0-6的数,Y是具有1-4个碳原子的烷基或氢,前提条件是当q为0时Y不能是氢。
除了它们的有利的泡沫浮选作用外,当与本发明衍生物共同使用时,所述辅助收集剂还通过使泡沫稳定性变差而对发泡产生有利影响。
在本发明方法中,还可以添加pH-调节物质,例如碳酸钠和氢氧化钠,发泡剂、泡沫调节剂,抑制剂如水玻璃,不同类型的淀粉和CMC,以及活性物质。在本发明的泡沫浮选方法中,浆体的pH-值应适当地在8-11范围内。
本发明进一步通过下述实施例加以阐述。
实施例1
将包含约12重量%氟磷灰石和约73重量%方解石并且其余部分包含硅酸盐和磁铁矿的岩浆矿石磨细到粒径≤630μm。将390g的磨细矿石、0.8升水和78mg的以1重量%的量溶解于水中的水解玉米淀粉加入1.5升的浮选池中,其中的pH值通过加入NaOH调节到10.5,并将所述磨细矿石在23℃下调节5分钟。在调节后,将78mg如下表所述的试剂作为1重量%的水溶液加入并通过加水将浮选池中的总量调节到1.4升。然后调节浮选池中的内容物2分钟,接着进行粗浮选步骤并进行一个或多个对粗选浓缩物的清洁步骤。
对粗选浓缩物和来自清洁步骤的浓缩物进行磷酸盐(P2O5)和方解石含量分析。获得的结果示于下述表II。
表1.试剂
试剂A代表现有技术,B是对比,而包含天冬氨酸盐的试剂1和2是根据本发明的。
表II.试剂A、1和2的浮选结果
结果说明,含天冬氨酸的试剂比依照现有技术的试剂A和对比B性能优越。磷灰石的含量和收率得到提高,同时方解石含量下降。
实施例2
将500g粒径≤5μm、包含9重量%氟磷灰石、17重量%方解石并且其余主要由硅酸盐组成的岩浆矿石置于棒磨机中,与0.4升水、180mgNaOH和50mg SiO2/Na2O之比为3.3:1的水玻璃一起研磨达到下述粒径:其中80重量%的磨细矿石的粒径≤250μm。将磨细矿石、125mg表3中的试剂和水加入1.5升浮选池中,添加水以使矿石浆的总体积达到1.4升。在通过添加NaOH将pH值调节到11后,在21℃下将浆体调节5分钟。向调节后的浆体中加入25mg的仲丁醇异丁酸酯作为发泡剂,进行粗选步骤,之后进行三个清洁步骤。对粗选浓缩物和来自清洁步骤的浓缩物进行磷灰石收率分析,获得的结果示于下述表IV。
表III.试剂
表IV 试剂3的浮选结果
这些结果说明,尽管矿石中的磷灰石含量低,本发明试剂能够提高磷灰石的含量并且能够获得高收率。
Claims (11)
2.如权利要求1所述的泡沫浮选方法,其特征在于RI是式CH2CH(OH)CH2O(A1)x1R1的缩水甘油醚基团,其中R1是具有8-24个碳原子的烃基,A1是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x1是0-10的数;式CH2CH(OH)R2的羟基基团,其中R2是具有6-22个碳原子的烃基;式C3H6O(A3)x3R3的亚丙基醚基,其中R3是具有8-24个碳原子的烃基,A3是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x3是0-10的数;或式R4的基团,其中R4是包含8-24个碳原子的烃基。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的泡沫浮选方法,其特征在于A1和A3是亚乙基氧基,x1和x3是1-4的数。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的泡沫浮选方法,其特征在于RII是甲基、羟乙基或羟丙基。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的泡沫浮选方法,其特征在于所述衍生物的存在量是以每吨矿石计的10-1500克。
8.一种天冬氨酸衍生物,其特征在于它具有下式
其中RI是式CH2CH(OH)CH2O(A1)x1R1的缩水甘油醚基团,其中R1是具有8-24个碳原子的烃基,A1是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x1是0-10的数;式CH2CH(OH)R2的羟基基团,其中R2是具有6-22个碳原子的烃基;式C3H6O(A3)x3R3的亚丙基醚基,其中R3是具有8-24个碳原子的烃基,A3是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,x3是0-10的数;或式R4的基团,其中R4是包含8-24个碳原子的烃基;RII是具有1-7个碳原子的烷基或式(B)yH的基团,其中B是具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基氧基,y为1-10的数,前提条件是当RII是具有1-7个碳原子的烷基时RI不是以下基团:基团R,其中R是C8-C22-烷基或链烯基;或基团(CH2)3OR,其中R是C8-C22-烷基或链烯基;并且M是选自阳离子或氢的基团。
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CA2545598A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
CN1878616A (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
IL175559A0 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
RU2006120444A (ru) | 2007-12-27 |
WO2005046878A2 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
US20070071665A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
IL175559A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
MA28157A1 (fr) | 2006-09-01 |
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