CN100507012C - Producing process of directly reducing iron - Google Patents
Producing process of directly reducing iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN100507012C CN100507012C CNB2006100276286A CN200610027628A CN100507012C CN 100507012 C CN100507012 C CN 100507012C CN B2006100276286 A CNB2006100276286 A CN B2006100276286A CN 200610027628 A CN200610027628 A CN 200610027628A CN 100507012 C CN100507012 C CN 100507012C
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Abstract
This invention relates to metallurgy, it especially relates to produce reduced iron with dust (includes converter and electric furnace) and iron concentrate powder in solid state directly. The material uses dust (included converter and electric furnace) and iron concentrate powder, then blazes by gas which have high level oxygen, the tank is made by the conjunction of resin and carbofrax (180-200 times), it also can oxygenize the silicon to silicon dioxide which can be collected with exhaust gas, this not only avoids the disadvantage of the existing technology, but also saves the material resource and makes the waste to good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgical class, relate to a kind of employing dedusting ash (comprising converter and electric furnace) and fine iron breeze are produced direct-reduced iron (sponge iron) under solid state method concretely.
Background technology
In recent years, China's Iron And Steel Industry has obtained fast development, become the first in the world and produce steel big country, but the structure of China's steel products is still waiting to adjust, the quality of steel products is still waiting to improve, high-quality Clean Steel and high-quality steel also can not satisfy the needs of the national economic development far away, the sustainable development of Iron And Steel Industry, run into many difficulties, fuel and supply of raw material anxiety, the rising steadily of price, the composition complexity of steel scrap, contained alloying element and detrimental impurity fluctuating range are big, and the progressively accumulation that causes some to be difficult for oxidation and difficult volatile element causes the enrichment of total evil constituent content.Electrosmelting and external refining are one of main method of current production high-quality steel, developed countries electric furnace output account for ultimate production more than 40% and China only is about 20%, if so with a certain proportion of direct-reduced iron (30～50%) as thinner, homogeneity with steel scrap collocation not only can increasing steel, improve the physical properties of steel, thereby reach the purpose of production high-quality steel.Therefore direct-reduced iron (sponge iron) is not only the surrogate of high-quality steel scrap, or the requisite senior raw material of production high-quality steel, when the superpower electrosmelting, furnace charge collocation 30～50% direct-reduced irons, productivity improves 10～25%, operating rate improves 20～25%, saves energy 25%, save the steel-making time 28%, oxygen-consumption reduces by 20%, the quantitative direct-reduced iron of collocation not only can improve the throughput of electric furnace in the electric furnace to converter furnace charge at this point, and can reduce power consumption and production cost.At present direct-reduced iron (sponge iron) is divided into two kinds of gas base directly reducing and coal-based direct reductions.
Resource situation according to China, commonly used is coal-based rotary kiln and coal-based fixed bed process (tunnel furnace method or pot type method) at present, though the fuel that kiln process uses is the hyperergy noncoking coal, price is cheaper than gas base, but the reductive pelletizing needs secluding air, prevent to reoxidize, just can obtain direct-reduced iron (sponge iron) complex process, the rotary kiln of cold bound pellet is produced loaded down with trivial details in addition, need make cold bound pellet earlier and enter rotary kiln again, because the ovenable strength problem of cold bound pellet, production is difficult to stablize, easy ring formation in the production process, and initial cost is bigger, the total energy consumption height, coal-based fixed bed process (tunnel furnace or pot type method) is the longer direct-reduced iron of history (sponge iron) production method, the problem that it exists is the energy consumption height, investment is big, yield poorly and consume a large amount of clay jar (8～10 times) aborning, clay-carborundum jar (100～120 times) makes final product cost height, and the raw material that traditional coal-based rotary kiln and coal-based fixed bed adopt is iron ore cooled agglomerated pellet and fine iron breeze.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron is provided, the raw material that this method adopts is dedusting ash (comprising converter and electric furnace) and fine iron breeze, the burning of employing gas with enriched oxygen, reduction jar employing resin-bonded silicon carbide jar (180～200 times), also the zinc in the dedusting ash (comprising converter and electric furnace) can be reduced into zinc oxide simultaneously collects with exhausting waste gas, not only avoided the defective of above-mentioned prior art, also solved the raw material resources problem, turned waste into wealth.
The object of the invention realizes being finished by following technical scheme:
A kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron, it is characterized in that this method adopts following steps: at first get the raw materials ready and process, wherein get the raw materials ready and comprise raw material, fuel, reductive agent and sweetening agent, material choice be dedusting ash and fine iron breeze, the raw material press process is become column or spherical, reductive agent and sweetening agent are processed into particulate state; Batching is adorned the reduction jar afterwards; Add thermal reduction afterwards; Come out of the stove afterwards and carbon removal.
The ratio of the fine iron breeze in the described raw material is not less than 40%.
What described fuel was selected is that calorific value is not less than 1500 kilocalorie gas with enriched oxygen.
Described reductive agent is a hard coal, and its fugitive constituent is not more than 10%, and ash is not more than 10%, and fixed carbon is not less than 80%, and sulphur is not more than 0.3%.
Described sweetening agent is a calcium oxide, and calcium oxide purity is not less than 90%, and activity degree is not less than 300ml, and sulphur is not more than 0.025%.
It is converter dust-removing ash or electric stove dust ash that described dedusting ash refers to.
The water content of described raw material is not more than 5%, and described column refers to diameter and is not more than 320mm, highly is not more than 450 hollow cylindrical, and described spherical diameter is not more than 100mm.
Described reduction jar is a silicone resin bonded silicon carbide jar, and wherein carborundum content is not less than 95%, and the anti-folding of high temperature is not less than 80MPa.
The collection process that comprises zinc oxide in the described heating reduction process, this process be with in the waste gas with the zinc in the dedusting ash of direct-reduced iron reduction and gasification, collect with hot precipitator and to obtain zinc oxide.
The described collection that contains zinc waste gas can be adopted hygrometric state or adopt dry state, and dry state wherein is to adopt pulse to collect for the formula dedusting, and hygrometric state is to adopt water curtain for dust-collecting to collect.
Advantage of the present invention is; adopt dedusting ash (comprising converter and electric furnace) as main raw material; reduce cost greatly, resource can be fully utilized, the zinc oxide of energy collecting dust-removing ash; not only reduced comprehensive cost but also protected environment; adopt oxygen-enriched combusting, reduce energy consumption, adopt silicone resin bonded silicon carbide jar; both shorten the recovery time greatly, reduced the manufacturing cost of direct-reduced iron again.
Concrete technical scheme
By the following examples feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
Present embodiment adopts following steps:
At first get the raw materials ready and process, wherein get the raw materials ready and comprise raw material, fuel, reductive agent and sweetening agent, the raw material that adopts is dedusting ash (comprising converter and electric furnace) and fine iron breeze, dedusting ash is converter dust-removing ash or electric stove dust ash, make water content＜5% of raw material, raw material is processed into the cylindric of diameter 150, height 230mm, interstitial hole diameter 60mm, and diameter is the spherical of 50mm; Material choice be dedusting ash and fine iron breeze, the raw material press process is become column or spherical, reductive agent and sweetening agent are processed into particulate state; The fuel that adopts is the gas with enriched oxygen of calorific value greater than 1500 kilocalories; The reductive agent that adopts is a hard coal, fugitive constituent 5-10%, and ash 5-10%, fixed carbon are greater than 80%, and sulphur is less than 0.3%; Used sweetening agent is a calcium oxide, calcium oxide purity 90-92%, activity degree 300-320ml, sulphur is less than 0.025%, with disintegrating apparatus with the reductive agent hard coal, the sweetening agent calcium oxide is processed into＜particle of 1mm by proportioning, and the dosage that reduces generally speaking is 280kg～350kg/ ton iron, and desulfurization dosage is 15～20kg/ ton iron.
A reduction jar selection is a silicone resin bonded silicon carbide jar, and wherein carborundum content is not less than 95%, and the anti-folding of high temperature is not less than 80MPa, is of a size of diameter 210 * 460 * 16mm, available 180～200 times of this jar.
Tinning, with reductive agent for preparing and the raw material of suppressing the oxide compound of block and spherical iron, in the dress reduction jar, the oxide compound of block iron, place 2 in each reduction jar, add the mixture of reductive agent and sweetening agent all around in the middle of reaching, spherically adorn four layers, be i.e. the installation method of the mixture of spherical oxide and four layers of reductive agent and sweetening agent: the mixture of one deck ball one deck reductive agent and sweetening agent.
Add thermal reduction: will install, reduction furnace is put in a plurality of reduction jar layering, adds thermal reduction, 1150 ℃～1350 ℃ of controlled temperature, and the time is more than 20 hours, is cooled to tapping temperature and gets final product.
In reduction process, the zinc in the dedusting ash with direct-reduced iron reduction and gasification, is promptly collected zinc oxide with waste gas with hot precipitator.The described collection that contains zinc waste gas can be adopted hygrometric state or adopt dry state, and dry state wherein is to adopt pulse to collect for the formula dedusting, and hygrometric state is to adopt water curtain for dust-collecting to collect.
Come out of the stove and carbon removal, take out reduction jar from reduction furnace, with product direct-reduced iron (sponge iron) sucking-off, and the ash that will reduce in the jar sucks in the grey storehouse with powerful electromagents.
Embodiment one
Adopt 50% converter dust-removing ash, 50% fine iron breeze mixes, its total iron Tfe (iron protoxide, ferric oxide, Z 250) is that 67.3% ferriferous oxide 21.47kg is pressed into diameter 150 * 230mm, interstitial hole diameter 60mm cylindric 2 and puts into reduction jar, add 8kg reductive agent and sweetening agent all around in the middle of reaching, be heated to 1250 ℃ with gas with enriched oxygen, products obtained therefrom was taken out in the cooling back in 21 hours.
Assay is as showing 1:(unit: wt%)
| TFe | Metal ratio | MFe | S | P | C |
| 96.15 | 95 | 91.35 | 0.015 | 0.056 | 0.05 |
Waste gas is handled with high-temperature dust removal and is obtained zinc oxide 0.4kg, and zinc oxide content is 85%.
Embodiment two
Adopt 50% converter dust-removing ash, 50% fine iron breeze to mix, its TFe is 52 in the ball that 67% ferriferous oxide 21.02kg is pressed into diameter 50mm, put into the reduction jar, the mixture 8.5kg that adds reductive agent and sweetening agent simultaneously divides four layers, after being heated to 1230 ℃ of coolings in 23 hours with gas with enriched oxygen, take out products obtained therefrom.
Assay is as showing 2:(unit: wt%)
| TFe | Metal ratio | MFe | S | P | C |
| 95.72 | 94.3 | 90.27 | 0.010 | 0.048 | 0.03 |
Waste gas is handled with hot precipitator and is obtained zinc oxide 0.36kg, and zinc oxide content is 83.65%.
Embodiment three
Adopt 60% electric stove dust ash, 40% fine iron breeze mixes, its TFe is that 63.46% ferriferous oxide 20.35kg is pressed into diameter 150 * 230mm, interstitial hole diameter 60mm cylindric 2 and puts into reduction jar, put into the mixture 8.34kg of reductive agent and sweetening agent all around in the middle of reaching, be heated to 1200 ℃ with gas with enriched oxygen, be incubated 25 hours cooling backs and take out products obtained therefrom.
Assay is as showing 3:(unit: wt%)
| TFe | Metal ratio | MFe | S | P | C |
| 90.66 | 93 | 84.32 | 0.035 | 0.029 | 0.06 |
Waste gas is handled with hot precipitator and is obtained zinc oxide 0.89kg, and zinc oxide content is 89.63%.
Embodiment four
Adopt 60% electric stove dust ash, 40% fine iron breeze to mix, its TFe is 53 in the ball that 63.21% ferriferous oxide 19.89kg is pressed into diameter 50mm, put into the reduction jar, the mixture 8.36kg that adds reductive agent and sweetening agent simultaneously divides four layers, with gas with enriched oxygen be heated to 1250 ℃ 25 hours the cooling after; Take out products obtained therefrom.
Assay is as showing 4:(unit: wt%)
| TFe | Metal ratio | MFe | S | P | C |
| 90.30 | 93.5 | 84.43 | 0.045 | 0.033 | 0.04 |
Waste gas is handled with hot precipitator and is obtained zinc oxide 0.94kg, and zinc oxide content is 91.03%.Use fine iron breeze as the obtained examination and test of products of raw material as table 5:(unit: wt%)
| TFe | MFe | S | P | C |
| 92.40 | 87.94 | 0.059 | 0.083 | 0.045 |
Visible dedusting ash and the fine iron breeze of adopting of contrast, the direct-reduced iron of production (sponge iron), its quality also is better than using the direct-reduced iron (sponge iron) of fine iron breeze.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron, it is characterized in that this method adopts following steps: at first get the raw materials ready and process, wherein get the raw materials ready and comprise raw material, fuel, reductive agent and sweetening agent, material choice be dedusting ash and fine iron breeze, the raw material press process is become column or spherical, reductive agent and sweetening agent are processed into particulate state; Batching is adorned the reduction jar afterwards, and described reduction jar is a silicone resin bonded silicon carbide jar, and wherein carborundum content is not less than 95%, and anti-folding of high temperature is not less than 80MPa; Add thermal reduction afterwards; Come out of the stove afterwards and carbon removal.
2, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that the ratio of the fine iron breeze in the described raw material is not less than 40%.
3, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that described reductive agent is a hard coal, and its fugitive constituent is not more than 10%, and ash is not more than 10%, and fixed carbon is not less than 80%, and sulphur is not more than 0.3%.
4, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that described sweetening agent is a calcium oxide, and calcium oxide purity is not less than 90%, and activity degree is not less than 300ml, and sulphur is not more than 0.025%.
5, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that described dedusting ash is converter dust-removing ash or electric stove dust ash.
6, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron according to claim 1, the water content that it is characterized in that described raw material is not more than 5%, described column refers to diameter and is not more than 320mm, highly is not more than 450 hollow cylindrical, and described spherical diameter is not more than 100mm.
7, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising in the described heating reduction process collection process of zinc oxide, this process be with in the waste gas with the zinc in the dedusting ash of direct-reduced iron reduction and gasification, collect with hot precipitator and to obtain zinc oxide.
8, a kind of method of producing direct-reduced iron according to claim 8, it is characterized in that the described collection that contains zinc waste gas can adopt hygrometric state or adopt dry state, dry state wherein is to adopt pulse bag-type dust-removing to collect, and hygrometric state is to adopt water curtain for dust-collecting to collect.
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| CNB2006100276286A CN100507012C (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | Producing process of directly reducing iron |
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| CN100507012C true CN100507012C (en) | 2009-07-01 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101580889B (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2011-04-06 | 武钢集团昆明钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for increasing direct reduced iron metallization rate by industrial wastes containing iron and carbon |
| CN102851427A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2013-01-02 | 杨龙 | Method for online production of sponge iron by using steel residue waste heat |
| CN103436698A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 徐伟 | Method for directly reducing laterite-nickel ore to produce ferronickel alloy |
| KR101545721B1 (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-08-19 | 주식회사 포스코 | Apparatus for manufacturing molten iron and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN105063266B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-06-06 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of converter steel making method |
| CN105369008A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-02 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Recycling process for electric furnace waste heat boiler ash |
| CN111321264A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-23 | 北票新正粉末冶金有限公司 | Preparation method of sponge iron |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 我国煤基隧道窑直接还原铁生产现状及发展. 梁文阁.特殊钢，第20卷第3期. 1999 |
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