CN113481346B - Low-cost composite efficient heating agent for converter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost composite efficient heating agent for converter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113481346B CN113481346B CN202110686578.7A CN202110686578A CN113481346B CN 113481346 B CN113481346 B CN 113481346B CN 202110686578 A CN202110686578 A CN 202110686578A CN 113481346 B CN113481346 B CN 113481346B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/005—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using exothermic reaction compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
- B02C13/2804—Shape or construction of beater elements the beater elements being rigidly connected to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
- B02C13/284—Built-in screens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/30—Driving mechanisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/248—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating of metal scrap or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
- B02C2013/28618—Feeding means
- B02C2013/28654—Feeding means of screw type
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost novel composite high-efficiency heating agent for a converter and a preparation method thereof, wherein the components comprise aluminum ash, iron ore and limestone, the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing and grinding the iron ore and the limestone, mixing the crushed and ground iron ore and the limestone with the aluminum ash in proportion, forming and drying the mixture to prepare the heating agent, all the used raw materials are wastes and minerals with low cost, the components and the preparation method are simple, the heating value is large, the direct effect is good, the subsequent slag formation and the slag property improvement are also extremely beneficial while the converter smelting is rapidly heated, the method is a method for comprehensively utilizing the waste resources with low cost and high efficiency, the grinding and water adding mixing stirring is realized according to the preparation method and the process requirements of the grinding and mixing integrated machine, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the quantity of the process is controllable through the grinding and mixing integrated machine, and the particle size is controllable, all the links are buckled with each other, so that the stirring process can be realized while grinding, and the production time is greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a low-cost composite efficient exothermic agent for a converter.
Background
With the progress of an iron-making process and the change of metal materials for a converter, the metal materials for the converter have the characteristics of reduction of silicon content of molten iron and increase of scrap ratio, so that a series of problems of insufficient heat in the converter, slow slagging, long smelting time, reduction of desulfurization and dephosphorization capability, high oxygen content at a molten steel terminal point and the like at the initial stage of converting are brought, and the key for solving the series of problems is to rapidly increase the temperature in the converter at the initial stage of converting to promote the rapid slagging of the slagging materials to carry out slag-metal reaction. The use of the exothermic agent is an important auxiliary means for rapidly increasing the temperature of the converter, and the preparation method generally takes the exothermic substance as a main raw material, adds an additive to adjust the components and the density, and prepares and molds the exothermic material by using a certain amount of a binder. The heat generating agent for the converter is generally classified into carbonaceous, siliceous and aluminous heat generating agents according to effective elements of the heat generating substances used, and the heat generating substances in the aluminous heat generating agent are generally metallic aluminum, which has the advantages of large heat generation and high use efficiency of the corresponding heat generating agent, but the metallic aluminum has high price, so that the large use of the metallic aluminum is limited. In addition, from the viewpoint of environmental protection and resource recycling, the use of recyclable materials as the raw materials of the exothermic agent is also a trend.
The converter exothermic agent developed and used at present is various in types, but the following problems are generally existed in the aspects of raw material cost, use effect and the like:
firstly, the heating efficiency is insufficient, the raw material cost is high, although it is a development trend to use recoverable materials as raw materials of the converter heating agent, the currently developed converter heating agents all use carbonaceous (such as waste electrode powder, coke powder) or siliceous (such as cutting waste materials of industrial silicon powder, silicon carbide powder and the like) wastes as raw materials of the heating agent, because the effective components and the heating value of the carbonaceous and siliceous wastes are low, expensive metal or alloy silicon aluminum is often required to be additionally added to increase the heating value and the use efficiency, for example, the patent number CN102534091A discloses a heating agent for steelmaking and a production method thereof, the additives are 1 to 2 of the following: silicon powder, aluminum powder and silicon iron powder, wherein the metals and the alloy silicon aluminum are added for increasing the calorific value, and the calorific value is not enough when the photovoltaic cutting waste (metal silicon and silicon carbide) and industrial silicon carbide are used for heating, so that one or two of expensive metals or alloys such as the silicon powder, the aluminum powder and the silicon iron powder are added for assisting the heating, and the aluminum ash is also waste, but contains 15-20% of metal aluminum, so that the problem of insufficient calorific value is not needed to be worried about.
Secondly, the use of the heating agent is single, the products are not beneficial to converter slagging, the carbon and silicon converter heating agent which is widely developed and used at present only considers the improvement of the converter temperature, the influence of acidic substances such as silicon dioxide and the like generated by reaction on the subsequent converter slagging process is not paid much attention, the addition of a large amount of slagging materials to produce alkaline converter slag is a key link of the steel-making process in the production process of the converter, the problems that the alkalinity of the converter slag and the corresponding desulfurization and dephosphorization capability are reduced due to the acidic substances such as silicon dioxide and the like generated by the carbon and silicon heating agent, more lime needs to be added to adjust the alkalinity of the converter slag, the corresponding slag-making amount, the heat consumption and the like are correspondingly increased, and the slagging process of the converter is not beneficial.
Thirdly, the use of the existing binder reduces the content of effective components of the heat generating agent, a certain amount of binder is often needed to be used for forming the heat generating agent for preparing the converter heat generating agent so as to reduce dust generated in the using process and improve the operation environment in front of the converter, the existing binder comprises two types, one is an inorganic binder containing a large amount of silicon and represented by water glass and cement, acid silicon dioxide can be brought in after the binder is used, the other is an organic binder represented by methyl cellulose, starch and the like, the binder is volatilized in the using process of the heat generating agent, but the brought substances are not the effective components of converter slag and even can increase the slagging burden of the converter no matter which type of binder is used, so that the use of the existing binder reduces the content of the effective components of the heat generating agent.
Therefore, how to fully utilize the recyclable materials to reduce the cost of the heating agent, improve the content of effective components and the heat productivity, select proper types of the regulator and the binder, and add the prepared heating agent into the converter to promote the converter slagging material to rapidly form slag while rapidly raising the temperature of the converter, and reduce the complex effect of the converter slagging burden is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
China is the most important world-wide aluminum production country, the yield accounts for more than 50% of the global proportion, aluminum ash is a main byproduct generated in the process of melting and electrolyzing aluminum, the main components of the aluminum ash are aluminum oxide, certain metal aluminum and other impurities, the aluminum content accounts for about 1% -12% of the total loss amount in the process of aluminum production and use, therefore, the aluminum ash is discarded as waste, not only is the aluminum resource waste caused, but also a series of environmental problems are caused, according to the national hazardous waste record (2016), the aluminum ash belongs to nonferrous metal smelting waste, and an economic and effective method is found and utilized to improve the economic benefit of the aluminum industry, realize the effective cyclic utilization of resources, and have important influences on the sustainable development of economy and society. The aluminum ash contains a certain amount of metal aluminum (10-20%), the existing recycling mode separates and utilizes the metal aluminum in the aluminum ash in a high-temperature and flux adding mode, firstly, the separation process of the metal aluminum is large, secondly, the abandonment and the landfill of the tail ash after the metal aluminum is separated still bring the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution, and the full utilization of the aluminum ash and the avoidance of the tail ash are effective means for improving the utilization rate and avoiding the resource waste and the environmental problem. The oxidation process of the metallic aluminum in the aluminum ash releases a large amount of heat:
4Al+3O 2 ＝2Al 2 O 3 -3339.6KJ/mol
therefore, the aluminum ash can be used as an effective heating substance of a converter heating agent, and the aluminum oxide generated by the oxidation of the metal aluminum and the aluminum oxide which is the most main component in the aluminum ash can play a role in adjusting the components and the fluidity of the slag in the subsequent converter slagging process and increasing the adsorption and inclusion of the slag, thereby being very helpful for the rapid slagging and the improvement of the desulfurization and dephosphorization performance of the converter slag. (12CaO.7Al 2 O 3 Experimental study on non-metallic inclusion adsorption of refining slag Anhui metallurgy 201601 Cao Lian: the increase of the content of alumina can obviously increase the interfacial tension between steel slags and is beneficial to the floating removal of inclusions generated by converter smelting). The aluminum ash is used as a main raw material component of the converter exothermic agent, has the advantages of large calorific value, small addition amount, small side effect on slag, high utilization rate of the aluminum ash and the like, and has important significance on environmental protection, efficient utilization of resources and economic sustainable development.
The heating agent prepared by taking the aluminum ash as the main raw material has the characteristic of low density, the additive is required to be added for adjusting the specific gravity, the iron ore is selected as the specific gravity adjusting agent, the specific gravity of the heating agent is increased, the full contact reaction between the heating agent and a melt is promoted, meanwhile, the brought iron oxide also has the effects of maintaining the balance of iron in iron slag, reducing the oxidation amount of iron in iron liquid and reducing the iron loss, in addition, the iron oxide also can obviously reduce the melting point of the slag, is one of the most effective means for avoiding the converter slag formation to generate the difficult-to-accommodate C2S calcium metasilicate, is extremely beneficial to the slag melting process of the high-alkalinity converter slag, and the influence of the iron oxide on the slag forming process is shown in figure 1.
Limestone is cheap industrial rock with the largest use amount, has strong hydrophilicity, is a typical calcium-containing binder, is applied to the preparation of alkaline pellets or fluxed pellets at present (Dingshahong and the like, research on limestone pellet test in a horse steel shaft furnace, pellet technology, 2004, 4: 18-22) (Tianjunqing and the like, test on the production of low-silicon alkaline pellets by using limestone, Chinese metallurgy, 2004(28)4: 13-20), and has calcium carbonate as a main component which is decomposed into calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide at high temperature in a converter. The effective component calcium oxide is an important component of the converter slag while the bonding effect is achieved, the problem that impurities are brought in by other series of bonding agents is avoided, the effects of advanced slagging and slag quantity reduction are achieved, and the effective component content of the heating agent is improved.
Meanwhile, no equipment is used for matching with the production process of the low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for the converter, the production is carried out strictly according to the process requirements of the invention, and the automatic and controllable operation of the production process cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thought and a preparation method of a low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for a converter, which have low cost and simple preparation process, fully utilize recoverable wastes and low-cost and widely available minerals in the aluminum industry, and add the prepared heating agent into the converter to play a composite role in quickly raising the temperature of the converter and promoting slag formation of the converter under the condition of not adding silicon aluminum metal or alloy.
A low-cost composite efficient exothermic agent for a converter comprises raw materials of aluminum ash, a specific gravity adjusting material and a binder, wherein the specific gravity adjusting material is iron ore, and the binder is limestone.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the raw materials is as follows:
the weight ratio of the aluminum ash is 20-50 percent;
the weight percentage of the iron ore is 40-60 percent;
the weight ratio of the limestone is 10-20%.
Preferably, the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: weighing aluminum ash, iron ore and limestone in corresponding weight proportion;
s2: putting the iron ore and limestone weighed in the step S1 into a grinding and mixing integrated machine for crushing and grinding into powder particles;
s3: mixing the weighed aluminum ash with the iron ore and limestone crushed and ground in the step S2 by adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed raw material;
s4: pelletizing or pressing the mixed raw materials in the step S3 to form a green heating agent pellet;
s5: and drying the heat generating agent green balls in the step S4 to obtain the finished heat generating agent.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the aluminum ash, the iron ore and the limestone in step S1 is 20% to 50%, 40% to 60% and 10% to 20%, respectively.
Preferably, the particle size of the powder particles in step S2 is less than or equal to 1 mm.
Preferably, the water added in step S3 is 8% to 12% of the total weight of the aluminum ash, the iron ore and the limestone.
Preferably, the equipment for pelletizing or ball-pressing the mixed raw materials in step S4 is a disk pelletizer or a ball press, and the diameter of the molded green heating agent is between 8mm and 18 mm.
Preferably, the drying treatment in step S5 is performed for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature of 200 to 240 ℃.
Preferably, the finished exothermic agent prepared in step S5 has a water content of < 0.5%.
Preferably, the grinding and mixing integrated machine comprises a frame body, a grinding and mixing body and a split grinding and feeding area are fixed on the frame body, the grinding and mixing body comprises a grinding and premixing mechanism and a mixing and stirring mechanism, the mixing and stirring mechanism comprises a water adding area and a stirring area, and the stirring area is communicated with the grinding and premixing mechanism.
Preferably, the split grinding feeding area comprises a feeding bin and a conveying auger transversely arranged in the feeding bin, a conveying channel convenient for raw materials to pass through is formed between the feeding bin and the conveying auger, the surface of the conveying channel in contact with the raw materials is a rough surface, forced conveying is carried out through the rotation pushing action of the conveying auger, the rough surface continuously extrudes and grinds the raw materials in the forced conveying process, a bin discharge port is formed in one side of a conveying terminal of the conveying auger, a conical grinding head of the bin is fixed at one end, close to the bin discharge port, of the conveying auger, and the size of the bin discharge port is matched with the bin for further grinding the raw materials;
the grinding premixing mechanism comprises a mixing grinding barrel body, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected in the mixing grinding barrel body, an upper grinding sheet is fixed above the rotating shaft, a lower grinding sheet is fixed below the rotating shaft, a thread is arranged between the upper grinding sheet and the lower grinding sheet on the rotating shaft, a movable grinding sheet is in threaded connection with the rotating shaft, the bottom of the mixing grinding barrel body is hemispherical, and a sieve mesh is arranged on the mixing grinding barrel body.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) the invention discloses a low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for a converter and a preparation method thereof, wherein the main recoverable waste aluminum ash in the aluminum industry is used as a heating substance, iron ore and limestone with wide sources and low cost are used as a regulator and a binder, the high heating property of metal aluminum contained in the aluminum ash is utilized to improve the heating efficiency of the heating agent under the condition of not additionally adding metal and alloy, and the iron ore and the limestone are used as the regulator and the binder and play roles of promoting converter slagging, reducing converter slag quantity and the like.
(2) The invention discloses a preparation method of a grinding and mixing integrated machine for matching with a low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for a converter, which realizes grinding and water adding mixing according to the process and the requirements of the preparation method, greatly improves the production efficiency, enables the quantity of the link to be controllable and the particle size to be controllable through the grinding and mixing integrated machine, realizes the ring-to-ring buckling of the whole equipment, can realize the stirring process during grinding, greatly saves the production time, and solves the problem that the traditional process steps can only be mixed with water after grinding.
(3) The invention discloses a low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for a converter and a preparation method thereof, wherein weighed iron ore, limestone and aluminum powder are respectively added into a split grinding feeding area, forced conveying is carried out through the rotation pushing action of a conveying auger, the iron ore, the limestone and the aluminum powder are continuously extruded, ground and crushed by a rough surface in the forced conveying process, and then the materials are ground and discharged through a bin grinding head, so that small-amount distributed uniform blanking is realized, different raw materials respectively enter from different bin feeding ports, the effect of grinding can be realized while split type distributed small-amount feeding is realized, and the split type small-amount feeding process is more beneficial to uniform mixing and further grinding and screening of the raw materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the effect of iron oxides on the slagging process;
FIG. 2 is a process flow chart of the preparation method of the low-cost composite high-efficiency exothermic agent for the converter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the grinding and mixing integrated machine of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 3 at A according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the split-type polishing feeding zone of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a split grinding feeding area 3, a conveying auger 31, a bin grinding head 32, a grinding premixing mechanism 1, a mixed grinding barrel body 11, a rotating shaft 12, an upper grinding sheet 13, a lower grinding sheet 14, a movable grinding sheet 15, a sieve pore 16, an air inlet 17, a ventilation cover 18, a brush body 19, a mixed stirring mechanism 2, a water adding area 5, a water storage tank 51, a pressure pump 52, a stirring area 6, a stirring rod 61, a scraping plate 62 and a discharge port 63.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
A low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for a converter comprises raw materials of aluminum ash, a specific gravity adjusting material and a binder, wherein the specific gravity adjusting material is iron ore, and the binder is limestone; the weight ratio of the raw materials is as follows:
the weight ratio of the aluminum ash is 20-50 percent;
the weight percentage of the iron ore is 40-60 percent;
the weight ratio of the limestone is 10-20%.
A preparation method of a low-cost composite efficient exothermic agent for a converter comprises the following specific steps:
s1: weighing 20-50 wt% of aluminum ash, 40-60 wt% of iron ore and 10-20 wt% of limestone;
s2: crushing and grinding the iron ore and limestone weighed in the step S1 into powder particles by a grinding and mixing integrated machine, wherein the particle size of the powder particles is less than or equal to 1mm, and even if powder particles with the particle size of more than 1mm are mixed in the production process, the weight ratio of the powder particles is not more than 5-10% of the total weight of the powder particles;
s3: adding the aluminum ash weighed in the step S1 and water into the iron ore and limestone powder particles crushed and ground in the step S2 in the grinding and mixing integrated machine, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed raw material, wherein the added water accounts for 8% -12% of the total weight of the aluminum ash, the iron ore and the limestone;
s4: pelletizing or pressing the mixed raw materials in the step S3 to form the heat generating agent green pellets, wherein the pelletizing or pressing equipment is a disc pelletizer or a ball press, and the diameter of the manufactured heat generating agent green pellets is between 8mm and 18 mm.
S5: and (5) drying the heating agent green balls in the step (S4) to obtain a finished heating agent, wherein the drying time is 1-3 hours, the temperature is 200-240 ℃, and the water content of the prepared finished heating agent is less than 0.5%.
The grinding and mixing integrated machine comprises a frame body, wherein a grinding and mixing body and a split type grinding and feeding area 3 are fixed on the frame body, the split type grinding and feeding area 3 is respectively used for feeding limestone, iron ore and aluminum ash, and the grinding and mixing body comprises a grinding and premixing mechanism 1 and a mixing and stirring mechanism 2;
the divided grinding feeding area 3 comprises a feeding bin and a conveying auger 31 transversely arranged in the feeding bin, a conveying channel which is convenient for raw materials to pass is formed between the feeding bin and the conveying auger 31, the surfaces of the conveying channel, which are contacted with the raw materials, are rough surfaces, the rough surface can be preferably serrated, the crushing and grinding effects are better, the conveying auger 31 is driven to rotate to perform forced conveying, the rough surface is continuously extruded and ground in the forced conveying process, a bin discharge port is arranged on one side of the conveying terminal of the conveying auger 31, a cone frustum-shaped bin grinding head 32 is fixed at one end of the conveying auger 31 close to the discharge port of the bin, the size of the bin grinding head 32 is gradually reduced along the conveying direction of the raw materials, and the shape and the size of the discharge port of the bin are matched with the bin grinding head 32 for further grinding the raw materials;
the grinding and premixing mechanism 1 comprises a mixing and grinding barrel body 11, a rotating shaft 12 is rotatably connected in the mixing and grinding barrel body 11 through a rotating motor, an upper grinding sheet 13 is fixed above the rotating shaft 12, a lower grinding sheet 14 is fixed below the rotating shaft 12, a thread is arranged between the upper grinding sheet 13 and the lower grinding sheet 14 on the rotating shaft 12, a movable grinding sheet 15 is connected on the rotating shaft 12 through the thread, the rotating shaft 12 rotates to drive the rotating shaft 12 to rotate, the rotating shaft 12 drives the movable grinding sheet 15 to move up and down in the rotating process, the movable grinding sheet is attached to the upper grinding sheet 13 when moving to the uppermost end, the movable grinding sheet is attached to the lower grinding sheet 14 when moving to the lowermost end, so that powder particles with the particle size of more than 1mm can be fully ground, the bottom of the mixing and grinding barrel body 11 is hemispherical, a sieve pore 16 is arranged on the mixing and grinding barrel body, and the diameter of the sieve pore 16 is 1mm, thereby ensuring that the particle size of the grinded iron ore and limestone is less than 1mm, the hemispherical structure is more beneficial to the dispersion of the blanking ground, the later mixing is more beneficial, the stirring efficiency is improved, the air inlet 17 is arranged on the mixing and grinding barrel body 11 near the sieve pore 16, the air inlet holes 17 are inclined towards the sieve holes 16, high-pressure air enters from the air inlet holes 17 to blow up the powder particles in the mixed grinding barrel body 11, and flows out from the ventilation cover 18 at the top, the high-pressure gas can not only completely blow up the powder particles with the granularity of more than 1mm deposited at the bottom for re-grinding, meanwhile, the sieve pore 16 can be prevented from being blocked, the high-pressure gas is controlled by a control system and is opened at regular time, the brush body 19 is fixed on the rotating shaft 12, for further preventing the sieve holes 16 from being blocked and for bringing the powder particles at the bottom up during the rotation;
The method comprises the following specific operations: the weighed iron ore, limestone and aluminum powder are respectively added into a separate grinding feeding area 3, forced conveying is carried out by the rotary pushing action of a conveying auger 31, the materials are continuously extruded, ground and crushed by a rough surface in the process of forced conveying, and then are ground by a bin grinding head 32 to be discharged, so that a small amount of distributed uniform blanking is realized, different raw materials respectively enter from different bin feeding holes, a small amount of distributed blanking is realized after grinding, the speed of the raw material blanking is close to or equal to the occupied weight ratio of the raw material blanking, aluminum ash falls into a mixing and stirring mechanism 2, the iron ore and the limestone fall into a mixing and grinding barrel body 11 not only realize the preliminary premixing effect, but also are ground and screened in the process of continuous blanking, and powder with the particle size smaller than 1mm enters the mixing and stirring mechanism 2 in a dispersed and dispersed manner through a sieve mesh 16, the grinding and mixing integrated machine greatly improves the production efficiency, and is fully automatic and controllable in the addition of raw materials and water, and more convenient and rapid.
Example 1
The low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for the converter is prepared from 20 weight percent of aluminum ash, 60 weight percent of iron ore and 20 weight percent of limestone.
The aluminum ash comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: w (Al) 19.86%, w (Al) 2 O 3 ) 47.24 percent and the balance of SiO 2 、CaO、MgO、FeO、MnO、Na 2 O and inevitable impurities. The preparation method of the invention is that the raw materials are milled, mixed, molded and dried to prepare the heating agent.
Example 2
The low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for the converter is prepared from 30 weight percent of aluminum ash, 53 weight percent of iron ore and 17 weight percent of limestone.
The aluminum ash comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: w (Al) 19.86%, w (Al) 2 O 3 ) 47.24 percent and the balance of SiO 2 、CaO、MgO、FeO、MnO、Na 2 O and inevitable impurities. The preparation method of the invention is that the raw materials are milled, mixed, molded and dried to prepare the heating agent.
Example 3
The low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for the converter is prepared from 40 wt% of aluminum ash, 47 wt% of iron ore and 13 wt% of limestone.
The aluminum ash comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: w (Al) is 13.31%, w (Al) 2 O 3 ) 53.68 percent, and the balance of SiO 2 、CaO、MgO、FeO、MnO、Na 2 O and inevitable impurities. The preparation method of the invention is that the raw materials are milled, mixed, molded and dried to prepare the heating agent.
Example 4
The low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for the converter is prepared from 50 wt% of aluminum ash, 40 wt% of iron ore and 10 wt% of limestone.
The aluminum ash comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: w (Al) is 13.31%, w (Al) 2 O 3 ) 53.68 percent, and the balance of SiO 2 、CaO、MgO、FeO、MnO、Na 2 O and inevitable impurities. The preparation method of the invention is that the raw materials are milled, mixed, molded and dried to prepare the heating agent.
The exothermic agent prepared by the implementation example is tested in a 120-ton converter in China, 10 furnaces are tested on site in each group of embodiments, and compared with the currently used carbon-silicon exothermic agent, the effect is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 effect of using heat generating agent prepared in different examples
The above tests were carried out under the same steel grade and smelting conditions.
From the above examples, it can be seen that the low-cost composite high-efficiency converter exothermic agent developed by the present invention has the advantages of better heating effect, lower cost, shortened converter slagging time, increased smelting effect such as desulfurization, etc. compared with the raw silicon carbon exothermic agent, under the condition of the same addition amount, and is a low-cost composite high-efficiency exothermic agent for converters.
In summary, the low-cost composite efficient heat generating agent for the converter and the preparation method thereof provided by the patent have the advantages that the content of aluminum ash is 20-50%, the content of iron ore is 40-60%, the content of limestone is 10-20%, all raw materials are recyclable waste or minerals with wide sources and low cost, and after the raw materials are prepared according to the preparation method provided by the patent, the heat generating amount is large, the cost is low, and the slag melting speed of the converter is fast. The method has the advantages of wide raw material source, low cost, simple preparation process and high product heating efficiency, and the prepared product has practical significance for realizing the application of high efficiency, large quantity and low cost of recyclable wastes such as aluminum ash and the like and promoting the heating, slagging and smelting processes of the converter.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The low-cost composite high-efficiency heating agent for the converter is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the raw materials of the composite material comprise aluminum ash, a specific gravity adjusting material and a binder, wherein the specific gravity adjusting material is iron ore, and the binder is limestone;
the specific steps for preparing the exothermic agent are as follows:
s1: weighing aluminum ash, iron ore and limestone in corresponding weight proportion;
s2: crushing and grinding the iron ore and limestone weighed in the step S1 into powder particles by a grinding and mixing integrated machine;
s3: adding the weighed aluminum ash, the iron ore crushed and ground in the step S2 and limestone into water in the grinding and mixing integrated machine to be mixed and uniformly stirred to be mixed raw materials;
s4: pelletizing or pressing the mixed raw materials in the step S3 to form a green heating agent pellet;
s5: drying the heating agent green balls in the step S4 to obtain finished heating agents;
the weight ratio of the aluminum ash, the iron ore and the limestone in the step S1 is 20-50%, 40-60% and 10-20% respectively;
the grinding and mixing integrated machine comprises a frame body, wherein a grinding and mixing body and a split type grinding and feeding area (3) are fixed on the frame body, the grinding and mixing body comprises a grinding and premixing mechanism (1) and a mixing and stirring mechanism (2), the mixing and stirring mechanism (2) comprises a water adding area (5) and a stirring area (6), and the stirring area (6) is communicated with the grinding and premixing mechanism (1);
the split grinding feeding area (3) comprises a feeding bin and a conveying auger (31) transversely arranged in the feeding bin, a conveying channel convenient for raw materials to pass through is formed between the feeding bin and the conveying auger (31), the surface of the conveying channel contacting the raw materials is a rough surface, forced conveying is carried out through rotary pushing action of the conveying auger (31), extrusion grinding is continuously carried out on the rough surface in the forced conveying process, a bin discharge port is formed in one side of a conveying terminal of the conveying auger (31), a conical grinding head (32) of the bin is fixed to one end, close to the bin discharge port, of the conveying auger (31), and the grinding head (32) of the bin is matched with the bin (32) in shape and size and is used for further grinding the raw materials;
grind premixing mechanism (1) including mixed grinding staving (11), the internal rotation of mixed grinding staving (11) is connected with rotation axis (12), rotation axis (12) top is fixed with upper grinding sheet (13), and its below is fixed with lower grinding sheet (14), lie in on rotation axis (12) last grinding sheet (13) and lower grinding sheet (14) between set up the screw thread and threaded connection has removal grinding sheet (15) on it, its bottom of mixed grinding staving (11) is hemispherical, has seted up sieve mesh (16) on it.
2. The low-cost composite high-efficiency exothermic agent for the converter according to claim 1, wherein:
the particle size of the powder particles in the step S2 is less than or equal to 1 mm.
3. The low-cost composite high-efficiency exothermic agent for the converter according to claim 1, wherein:
the water added in the step S3 accounts for 8-12% of the total weight of the aluminum ash, the iron ore and the limestone.
4. The low-cost composite high-efficiency exothermic agent for the converter according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step S4, the equipment for pelletizing or ball-pressing the mixed raw material is a disc pelletizer or a ball-pressing machine, and the diameter of the manufactured green heating agent ball is between 8mm and 18 mm.
5. The low-cost composite high-efficiency exothermic agent for the converter according to claim 1, wherein:
the drying time in the step S5 is 1-3 hours, the temperature is 200-240 ℃, and the water content of the finished heating agent prepared in the step S5 is less than 0.5%.
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