CN106381407B - A kind of carbonaceous reducing agent smelted for one-step method calcium-silicon and lime Composite burden preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of carbonaceous reducing agent smelted for one-step method calcium-silicon and lime Composite burden preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106381407B CN106381407B CN201610843097.1A CN201610843097A CN106381407B CN 106381407 B CN106381407 B CN 106381407B CN 201610843097 A CN201610843097 A CN 201610843097A CN 106381407 B CN106381407 B CN 106381407B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C24/00—Alloys based on an alkali or an alkaline earth metal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method for the carbonaceous reducing agent that one-step method calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden, belong to ferroalloy smelting technical field.This method is by carbonaceous reducing agent is broken, ball milling, is blended into pulverized limestone, batch mixing and briquetting of spraying water, and after drying in the shade, carries out carbonating processing using the drying kiln for being blown into limekiln exhaust gas, is prepared using calcium carbonate as the carbonaceous reducing agent of skeleton and the Composite burden of lime.In whole or in part coke and lime can be replaced to carry out one-step method calcium-silicon production in mineral hot furnace using the Composite burden, relatively existing smelting process, the present invention can bring up to the calcium rate of recovery 70~80%, and the silicon rate of recovery brings up to 75~90%, and melting electric consumption is reduced to 9000~10000 KWhs/ton.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferroalloy smelting technical field, and in particular to a kind of carbonaceous smelted for one-step method calcium-silicon
The preparation method of reducing agent and lime Composite burden.
Background technology
Calcium-silicon smelting process can be divided into two kinds of one-step method and two step method.One-step method is by raw materials for production silica, stone
Ash or lime stone and carbonaceous reducing agent enter stove and smelted.Two step method is then different, and a kind of technique is made of first in First electric furnace
Calcium carbide (calcium carbide), calcium carbide, silica and carbonaceous reducing agent are then added into second electric furnace.Another technique is to use ferrosilicon
Make raw material, with the CaO in the Si reduction lime in ferrosilicon.At present, because two step method needs two electric furnaces, comprehensive power consumption is high, behaviour
Height is required, the difficult control of process, strict to the moisture requirement in raw material, enterprise is frequently with the lower-cost step of relative two step method
Method smelting process produces calcium-silicon.
Because lime, silica and three kinds of raw material grades of carbonaceous reducing agent are very high, the technique of one-step method smelting Si-Ca alloy
Slagless process production should be belonged to, but a large amount of calcium silicate slags and high-melting-point carbide are produced in actual smelting process, element recovery
Low (the Ca of rate:30~60%, Si:40~70%), power consumption it is high (theoretical 8620 degree of power consumption, 11000~15000 degree of actual power consumption/
Ton).Such case is caused mainly there are three reasons：(1) reaction of the slagging of silica and lime and silica are given birth to carbonaceous reducing agent
Into high-melting-point silicon carbide reactor；(2) calcium-silicon density is small, and fusing point is low, and between two layers of clinker, heat is difficult to pass to bottom
Portion, cause furnace bottom rising；(3) vapour pressure of calcium is high, and volatilization loss is big.
Difficult existing for the smelting of one-step method calcium-silicon to solve, domestic and international scientific worker has carried out substantial amounts of research work
Make, it is proposed that layering smelting, lime stone substitute the optimize technique such as lime, still, calcium-silicon smelting recovery it is low and
The problem of power consumption is high is still without being solved at all.
From the root problem studied with terms of production practices, wanting to solve calcium-silicon smelting, key is to suppress silicon
Stone reacts greatly with lime slagging and silica with carbonaceous reducing agent generation high-melting-point carborundum two.Want thoroughly to suppress and destroy two
The generation of individual reaction, two means can be taken.First, from dispensing angle, do not allow silica to be contacted with lime, do not allow yet silica with
Carbonaceous reducing agent contacts.Second, in terms of reaction angle, allow carbonaceous reducing agent to generate liquid calcium carbide with lime reaction and flow into as early as possible and melt
Pond, in molten bath, calcium carbide reduction silica prepares calcium-silicon, so as to fundamentally suppress slagging reaction and carborundum generation.
The present invention uses for reference calcium carbide production " carbonized coke ball " technology, there is provided a kind of carbonaceous reducing agent closes with lime Composite burden for silico-calcium
Gold is smelted, and calcium carbide in calcium-silicon smelting process can be promoted to generate, while reduce silica and lime and carbonaceous reducing agent as far as possible
Contact.
The content of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of carbonaceous reducing agent smelted for one-step method calcium-silicon
With lime Composite burden preparation method, to further improve the rate of recovery of silicon and calcium, calcium-silicon melting electric consumption is reduced.
In order to realize above technical goal, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
The present invention provides a kind of carbonaceous reducing agent smelted for calcium-silicon and lime Composite burden preparation method, specifically
It is：After carbonaceous reducing agent is crushed into fine grinding, add pulverized limestone and mixed in batch mixer, by disc balling machine or ball press into
After type, it is sent into drying kiln (being blown into limekiln exhaust gas) and carries out carbonating processing, obtain the carbonaceous reducing agent using calcium carbonate as skeleton
With the Composite burden of lime.Lime and coke is partly or entirely replaced to carry out calcium-silicon smelting by detecting qualified compound material
Refining.
Further, the mass ratio of carbonaceous reducing agent and lime is 1 in the Composite burden preparing raw material:(0.5-2).
Further, described carbonaceous reducing agent is one in metallurgical coke, semi-coke, petroleum coke, semicoke, charcoal and anthracite
Kind is two or more.
Further, the granularity of the carbonaceous reducing agent powder is below 100 mesh, and lime Powder Particle Size is below 100 mesh；
Further, a diameter of 8 millimeters to 60 millimeters of the Composite burden.
Further, the temperature of the flue gas during processing of drying kiln carbonating is 100~180 DEG C, and carbonization time is 8~15 small
When.Formula 1 and formula 2 are shown in the key reaction of carbonating processing.
CaO+H2O=Ca (OH)2(formula 1)
Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3+H2O (formula 2)
At a certain temperature, it is brilliant to form firm calcium carbonate for the carbon dioxide reaction in the calcium hydroxide and kiln gas in pelletizing
Body mesh skeleton, briquetting powdery carbonaceous reducing agent, turns into the Composite burden for having some strength.Steam is with tail caused by reaction equation 2
Gas is pulled away.
Further, the Composite burden is detected：Fallen since the position of 10 meters of height by inactive state, ball
During the breakage rate of shape furnace charge≤5%, the Composite burden is smelted available for calcium-silicon.
Further, when the Composite burden is used for calcium-silicon smelting, dispensing is Composite burden, silica, lime, Jiao
Charcoal, wherein Composite burden can also can partly replace lime and coke to carry out calcium-silicon smelting all instead of lime and coke.
Further, the smelting Si-Ca alloy for " Ca31Si60, Ca28Si60 as defined in YB/T 5051-2007 ",
Ca24Si60, Ca20Si55 and Ca16Si55.
Compared with existing calcium-silicon one-step method producing technology, the present invention has following technique effect：
1. using furnace charge preparation method of the present invention, can make full use of caused in enterprise's lime and coke crushing processing process
Powder-material, enterprise limekiln can be also made full use of to produce carbon dioxide and waste heat in waste gas.
2. carrying out calcium-silicon smelting using the Composite burden, it can greatly reduce the calcium silicate slag and high-melting-point of difficult reduction
The growing amount of carborundum, solve clinker and sink to causing the production problem of furnace bottom rising.
3. carrying out calcium-silicon smelting using the Composite burden, lime can be promoted to react generation calcium carbide with carbonaceous reducing agent,
Calcium carbide content in the clinker of molten bath is improved, clinker density is reduced, improves slag melting, is advantageous to the separation of slag gold and bath temperature carries
It is high.
4. carrying out calcium-silicon smelting using the Composite burden, the charging resistance of furnace charge layer in mineral hot furnace is greatly improved,
Electrode is inserted deeply, molten bath area energy supply and smelting temperature is improved, promotes the generation of calcium-silicon.
5. although carbonaceous reducing agent improves calcium-silicon raw materials for metallurgy cost with lime Composite burden, the present invention can incite somebody to action
The calcium rate of recovery brings up to 70~80%, and the silicon rate of recovery brings up to 75~90%, and melting electric consumption is reduced to 9000~10000 KWhs/ton,
Cost reduces by 200~800 yuan/ton.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow of the present invention for the carbonaceous reducing agent that calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden
Figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Coke and pulverized limestone are used as raw material.The composition of coke is fixed carbon 78%, moisture 8%, ash content 14%, volatile matter
2%.In pulverized limestone, CaO 79%, SiO the rest is2With MgO etc..The granularity of pulverized limestone is below 100 mesh.
It is a kind of for the carbonaceous reducing agent that calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden preparation method as shown in Figure 1, including
Following steps：
(1) to granularity it is that coke blacking below 100 mesh fully mixes in batch mixer with pulverized limestone by broken and fine grinding.Powder
The mass ratio of shape coke and pulverized limestone is 1:1.
(2) sprayed water on disc balling machine pelletizing, injection flow rate is 18~20%, and gained pellet size is 8~30 millimeters.Ball
Group is by drying in the shade, and the time of drying in the shade, pelletizing thickness of feed layer was within 100 millimeters when drying in the shade more than 8 hours.
(3) pelletizing that dries in the shade is put into carbonating drying kiln and carries out carbonating processing.Drying kiln intake air temperature is 110 DEG C during processing
± 5 DEG C of processing times are 10 hours.Carbonating processing uses limekiln exhaust gas composition as CO2Contain 5%, O containing 12%, CO2Contain
0.3%, it the rest is N2.Pelletizing after carbonating processing, (calcium hydroxide becomes calcium carbonate to degree of carbonisation with carbon dioxide reaction
Degree) it is 85%, moisture is 2% or so.
(4) strength test is carried out to pelletizing.Fallen in the position of 10 meters of height by inactive state, Composite burden is broken
Loss rate is 3%, and the furnace charge is smelted available for calcium-silicon.
When being smelted for calcium-silicon, smelted only with Composite burden and silica, i.e. Composite burden replacing whole stone
The mass ratio of ash and coke, Composite burden and silica is 1:(1.0~1.1).Silica requires dioxide-containing silica >=98%.
Embodiment 2
Anthracite and pulverized limestone are used as raw material.Anthracitic fixed carbon content is 82%, volatile content 7%, ash
It is 11%, moisture 5% to divide content.In pulverized limestone, CaO 77%, SiO the rest is2With MgO etc..The granularity of pulverized limestone is
Below 100 mesh.
It is a kind of for the carbonaceous reducing agent that calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden preparation method as shown in Figure 1, including
Following steps：
(1) to granularity it is that coal dust below 100 mesh fully mixes in batch mixer with pulverized limestone by broken and fine grinding.Powdery
The mass ratio of coal dust and pulverized limestone is 1:1.1.
(2) batch mixing is sprayed water, injection flow rate is 18~20%, and then using roll type ball press agglomeration, ball press rotating speed is 9
Rev/min, type wheel gap 3mm.Gained pelletizing size is Φ 50 × 40 × 25 (flat ellipse).Pelletizing dries in the shade the time by drying in the shade
More than 9 hours, pelletizing thickness of feed layer was within 100 millimeters when drying in the shade.
(3) pelletizing that dries in the shade is put into carbonating drying kiln and carries out carbonating processing.Drying kiln intake air temperature is 120 DEG C during processing
± 5 DEG C, processing time is 9 hours.Carbonating processing uses limekiln exhaust gas composition as CO2Contain 4%, O containing 13%, CO2Contain
0.2%, it the rest is N2.Pelletizing after carbonating processing, (calcium hydroxide becomes calcium carbonate to degree of carbonisation with carbon dioxide reaction
Degree) it is 89%, moisture is 1% or so.
(4) pelletizing is tested.Fallen since the position of 10 meters of height by inactive state, the breakage rate of Composite burden
For 4%, the furnace charge is smelted available for calcium-silicon.
When being smelted for calcium-silicon, smelted only with Composite burden and silica, i.e. Composite burden replacing whole stone
The mass ratio of ash and coke, Composite burden and silica is 1:(1.0~1.1).Silica requires dioxide-containing silica >=98%.
Embodiment 3
Semi-coke (semi-coke) and pulverized limestone are used as raw material.The composition of semi-coke is fixed carbon 81%, moisture 7%, ash content
6%, volatile matter 4%.In pulverized limestone, CaO 80%, SiO the rest is2With MgO etc..The granularity of pulverized limestone is below 100 mesh.
It is a kind of for the carbonaceous reducing agent that calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden preparation method as shown in Figure 1, including
Following steps：
(1) to granularity it is that coke blacking below 100 mesh fully mixes in batch mixer with pulverized limestone by broken and fine grinding.Powder
The mass ratio of shape coke and pulverized limestone is 1:0.8.
(2) sprayed water on disc balling machine pelletizing, injection flow rate is 18~20%, and gained pellet size is 8~30 millimeters.Ball
Group is by drying in the shade, and the time of drying in the shade, pelletizing thickness of feed layer was within 100 millimeters when drying in the shade more than 8 hours.
(3) pelletizing that dries in the shade is put into carbonating drying kiln and carries out carbonating processing.Drying kiln intake air temperature is 110 DEG C during processing
± 5 DEG C of processing times are 10 hours.Carbonating processing uses limekiln exhaust gas composition as CO2Contain 4%, O containing 14%, CO2Contain
0.2%, it the rest is N2.Pelletizing after carbonating processing, (calcium hydroxide becomes calcium carbonate to degree of carbonisation with carbon dioxide reaction
Degree) it is 88%, moisture is 3% or so.
(4) pelletizing is tested.Fallen since the position of 10 meters of height by inactive state, the breakage rate of Composite burden
For 3%, the furnace charge is smelted available for calcium-silicon.
When being smelted for calcium-silicon, smelted using Composite burden, silica and lime, i.e., Composite burden part replaces
Lime.In dispensing, Composite burden：Silica：The mass ratio of lime is 1:1.2:0.2.Silica requires dioxide-containing silica >=98%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of exist for the carbonaceous reducing agent that one-step method calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden preparation method, its feature
In comprising the following steps：
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent is crushed and is finely ground to granularity as below 100 mesh；Described carbonaceous reducing agent be metallurgical coke, semi-coke,
It is more than one or both of petroleum coke, semicoke, charcoal and anthracite；
(2) the powdery carbonaceous reducing agent that step (1) obtains is mixed and sprayed water with pulverized limestone addition batch mixer, by disk
Pelletizer or ball press are molded to obtain spherical Composite burden；
The lime Powder Particle Size is below 100 mesh；
The mass ratio of the carbonaceous reducing agent and pulverized limestone is 1:0.5~2；
(3) drying kiln that the spherical Composite burden addition that step (2) obtains is passed through to limekiln exhaust gas carries out carbonating processing, locates
It is 100~180 DEG C to manage temperature, and the time is 8~15 hours, and target product is prepared：Calcium-silicon smelting Composite burden.
It is 2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for the carbonaceous reducing agent that one-step method calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden system
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that the spherical Composite burden is a diameter of between 8 millimeters to 60 millimeters.
It is 3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for the carbonaceous reducing agent that one-step method calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden system
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that the dispensing that the calcium-silicon is smelted is Composite burden, silica, lime and coke, wherein：It is multiple
Closing furnace charge can also can partly replace lime and coke to carry out calcium-silicon smelting all instead of lime and coke.
It is 4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for the carbonaceous reducing agent that one-step method calcium-silicon is smelted and lime Composite burden system
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that the smelting Si-Ca alloy for " Ca31Si60, Ca28Si60 as defined in YB/T 5051-2007 ",
Ca24Si60, Ca20Si55 and Ca16Si55.
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1106465A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1995-08-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for smelting Si-Ca alloy |
| CN101418387A (en) * | 2008-10-25 | 2009-04-29 | 石嘴山市科通冶金工贸有限公司 | Calcium-silicon alloy mixed smelting method |
| CN101979715A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-02-23 | 武汉大学 | Method for preparing silicon-calcium alloy |
| CN103708743A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparation of raw materials for smelting calcium carbide |
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2016
- 2016-09-22 CN CN201610843097.1A patent/CN106381407B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1106465A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1995-08-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for smelting Si-Ca alloy |
| CN101418387A (en) * | 2008-10-25 | 2009-04-29 | 石嘴山市科通冶金工贸有限公司 | Calcium-silicon alloy mixed smelting method |
| CN101979715A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-02-23 | 武汉大学 | Method for preparing silicon-calcium alloy |
| CN103708743A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparation of raw materials for smelting calcium carbide |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 焦粉制碳化焦球及在电石生产中的应用;张士魁;《化工环保》;19831028(第5期);第297页第1-2部分以及第298页左栏第1-2段 * |
| 电石生产两粉一气的综合开发利用;周燕;《媒化工》;19990228(第1期);第27页 * |
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