CN100471657C - 元件之间的连接 - Google Patents

元件之间的连接 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100471657C
CN100471657C CNB038262401A CN03826240A CN100471657C CN 100471657 C CN100471657 C CN 100471657C CN B038262401 A CNB038262401 A CN B038262401A CN 03826240 A CN03826240 A CN 03826240A CN 100471657 C CN100471657 C CN 100471657C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gas
resin
layer
remove
interface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CNB038262401A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN1759002A (zh
Inventor
A·贝克
F·A·H·哈恩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2003/002292 external-priority patent/WO2004078442A1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2003/002293 external-priority patent/WO2004078443A1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2003/004171 external-priority patent/WO2004078461A1/en
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
Publication of CN1759002A publication Critical patent/CN1759002A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100471657C publication Critical patent/CN100471657C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/006Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding
    • B29C37/0064Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding of reinforced material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/342Preventing air-inclusions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526Joining bars
    • B29C66/5261Joining bars for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the bars to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526Joining bars
    • B29C66/5268Joining bars characterised by their solid cross sections being non-circular, e.g. being elliptical, square or rectangular
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73111Thermal expansion coefficient
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/202Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/28Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B29C66/73712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented mono-axially
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B29C66/73713General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented bi-axially or multi-axially
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B29C66/73752General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • B29C66/73754General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being partially cured
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • B29C66/73756General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being fully cured
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
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    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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Abstract

提供一种用于在两个元件(2、4)之间制备更可靠连接的方法。该方法包括气体去除层(6)的使用,气体去除层允许气体在气体去除层的平面中沿着多个全面方向传送。气体去除层包括树脂(12)并且在固结过程中气体去除层变形以形成基本上没有被截留的空气间隙的收集体。另外,提供一种气体去除层以及用于铸造气体去除层的模型和用于制备这样一种模型的方法。该方法和所提供的气体去除层特别适用于制造风力涡轮机叶片和用于这样的叶片的梁。

Description

元件之间的连接
技术领域
本发明涉及诸如包括树脂和纤维的元件的连接。本发明特别涉及在连接的准备过程中从元件之间的界面去除气体。
背景技术
在结构复合材料领域内存在生产较大的复合结构的需求。例如,风力涡轮机叶片和风力涡轮机叶片的梁的尺寸不断增大,达到单体元件的制备需要不可接受的资源的程度。这样的资源例如是在层的放置过程中的大的加工时间和相对于设备尺寸和空间要求的大的生产设施。因此希望利用较小的元件制备复合结构以及连接这些元件以在后面的阶段和/或设施形成最终的结构。
待连接的元件可分别是非硬化的、部分硬化的,诸如预先固结或者完全硬化的。一般地,元件的刚性随着硬化程度增大而逐渐增大。
试验表明,在连接的元件之间的界面中存在空隙对于连接的机械性能是有害的。作为连接工序的一部分,因此通常试图从界面去除气体。但是,如果至少一个元件不是刚性的,即,未完全硬化,存在气体可能被截留在元件之间并且没有例如通过提供真空来去除其的可能性的很大危险。
例如这是在GB 2 378 995 A中的情形,其中披露了利用可压缩的复合材料在两个元件之间的连接。该可压缩的复合材料包括纤维材料和树脂材料。该可压缩的复合材料的大部分基本上没有空气间隙。在使用中,该可压缩的复合材料被放置在待连接元件之间,接着成形以通过迫使树脂材料离开可压缩的复合材料类似元件之间间隙的形状。由于元件之间的复合结构基本上没有空气间隙并且被纤维强化,因此它通常具有高的机械强度,但该制备方法没有考虑上述的气体截留在独立元件和复合材料之间的重大危险。因此,如在GB 2 378 995 A中描述的复合结构的弱区是在可压缩的复合材料和每一个元件之间的界面。
当该连接进一步承载时,诸如在纤维的纵向上被单向纤维强化的元件之间的大部分连接,对于界面中的空隙的敏感度表示工艺可靠性不足的主要过程。
因此非常需要一种没有在界面中的空隙的危险的连接元件的方法。另外,元件之间的连接应该是高度再现和可靠的并且具有良好的机械强度。
WO 02/081189涉及一种用于提高分别具有基于环氧树脂和基于聚酯树脂的元件之间的粘接的粘接材料。利用设置在粘接材料的树脂薄膜上的加强形成通风结构。
DE 39 06 872涉及一种用于连续制造具有热熔化树脂点的热塑性薄膜的方法和设备。没有公开其他用于热熔化点的支撑结构。所述点是由刻花机辊形成的并且在连续工艺中被转印到热塑性薄膜上。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于,提供一种比较可靠的元件之间的连接,诸如包括树脂和纤维的元件。
本发明的上述和其他目的可通过这样一种方法来实现,该方法包括下列步骤:
-提供第一元件;
-提供与所述第一元件相邻的第二元件;
-在所述第一元件和所述第二元件之间的界面的至少一部分中提供气体去除层,所述气体去除层使得气体在所述气体去除层的一个平面中沿着多个全面方向传送并且所述气体去除层包括树脂;
-利用所述气体去除层从所述第一元件和所述第二元件之间的所述界面去除气体;
-使得所述气体去除层变形;以及
-使得所述界面固结和/或硬化。
可选择地第一元件和/或第二元件可与界面共同固结和/或共同硬化。
第一和第二元件最好分别包括第一和第二树脂以及第一和第二类型的纤维。所述元件例如还可包括填料和/或本领域已知的可添加到这样的复合元件的其他元件。
包括在所述气体去除层中的树脂将被表示为第三树脂以将其与第一和第二元件区分开。
第一、第二和第三树脂可分别例如基于不饱和聚酯、聚亚安酯、乙烯基酯、环氧树脂、热塑料、类似的化合物或者这些的组合。在一个优选实施例中,第三树脂的本发明的组分与第一和第二树脂相容。在另一个优选实施例中,第一和第二树脂具有基本相同的组分。第三树脂可具有或者可没有基本上与第一树脂和/或第二树脂相同的组分。对于树脂组分具有基本相同的组分,这意味着树脂的这一种主要组分是相同的。在一个优选实施例中,第一、第二和第三树脂基于一种或者多种环氧树脂组分。相关树脂的实际配方在本领域是公知的。
第一和第二类型纤维可分别基于例如从包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、合成纤维(例如,丙烯酸、聚酯、PAN、PET、PE、PP或者PBO纤维等)、生物纤维(例如,大麻纤维、黄麻纤维、纤维素纤维等)、矿物纤维(例如,RockwoolTM等)、金属纤维(例如,钢、铝、黄铜、铜等)、硼纤维和这些纤维中的两种或者多种的组合。在一个优选实施例中,第一和第二类型纤维是相同的。在一个更优选实施例中,纤维主要是碳纤维。
包括在元件中的纤维可具有定向(例如,单轴向、双轴向或者多轴向)和/或随机分布,但是,最好纤维主要是定向的。如果元件中的一个或者多个是一种层状复合材料,包括纤维的各层的取向可是或者可不是相同的。在一个优选实施例中,承载纤维主要在纵向上单向定向。在本发明的一个更优选实施例中,元件相连以有效地延长单向纤维的长度,即,在纤维的纵向上。
包括在元件中的纤维例如可以单个纤维或者纤维组、纤维束、纤维束浸料坯(tow pregs)、织造或者非织造织物、垫子、半浸料坯(semi-pregs)、预浸料坯、预制件或者这些中的两种或者多种的组合的形式被提供。
待连接的元件可是非固结的或者至少部分固结的。“固结”一词指的是大部分(最好所有)气体已经从元件内被去除。固结例如可包括加热和/或加压和/或施加真空。固结还可包括元件的部分或者完全硬化。在一个优选实施例中,至少一个元件被预固结。在与本发明有关的元件的范围内的未固结结构的一个示例是如在这里合并参考的PCT/EP03/02293中披露的预成形件。至少部分固结的预成形件的一个示例是如在这里合并参考的PCT/EP03/02292中披露的预固结的预成形件。但是,在与利用本发明所涉及的方法进行连接相关的元件范围内,本领域技术人员知道并且能够制备其他多种元件。
待连接的元件可分别是未硬化、部分硬化或者完全硬化的,但是未硬化或者部分硬化的元件比完全硬化的元件更能体现本发明的优点。这主要是由于元件的刚度随着硬化的程度增加而增加,但元件的粘性还会随着硬化的程度增加而减弱。换言之,元件的树脂具有低的硬化程度与元件的树脂具有高的硬化程度相比,在界面处形成空气间隙的可能性更大。
尽管“硬化的”一词通常指的是热固性树脂,但是本发明不限于热固性树脂。在不脱离本发明理念的情况下,利用本发明所涉及的方法可使得包括热塑性树脂的元件与包括热塑性和/或热固性树脂的一个或者多个元件相连。
因此本发明所涉及的元件组是未硬化的、部分硬化的或者完全硬化的;未固结的、部分固结的或者完全固结的复合材料元件,它需要与另一个元件相连。
应该发现,利用请求保护的方法使得上述元件与任何一种类型的结构相连在本发明的保护范围内。
“气体”一词在这里指的是被截留的大气空气以及与制备工艺相关的气体产物、副产物和原材料。
本发明的一个基本特征是包括第三树脂的气体去除层的使用。气体去除层包括几何结构,它能够在连接的处理中,最好至少是在固结开始和/或连接硬化的期间去除气体。气体去除层最好应允许气体沿所述气体去除层的至少一个平面中的多个全面方向传送,例如以便于控制和/或防止或减少定向效应。在一个优选实施例中,允许气体在所述气体去除层的一个平面中沿任何全面方向移动。在一个优选实施例中,所述气体去除层主要包括树脂,即,具有几何结构的第三树脂,所述树脂允许气体的去除。
在一个优选实施例中,所述气体去除层的气体传送网络包括形成具有许多彼此分离的峰的三维形状的多个第三树脂空间。因此所述气体传送网络由所述峰或尖峰之间的体积构成。第三树脂体积可相互连接或可不相互连接。相互连接的第三树脂体积例如可被连接于如下所述的支撑物。不互联的第三树脂体积例如可是在如下面所述的直接设置在第一和第二元件之间的界面中的颗粒的聚集。下面,术语“独立的第三树脂体积”表示形成三维形状并且在至少两个维度上具有气体传送网络的多个互联或者不互联的第三树脂体积。
“在全面方向上的气体传送”一词指的是平行于从气体去除层的一侧到另一侧的方向移动。因此,全面方向不涉及在一些部分可被封闭的局部规模上的在气体去除层内的方向。气体去除层应该使得气体在多个全面方向上传送的要求应该仅涉及在固结和/或硬化开始前的情形。但是,气体去除层应该长时间保持开放以确保气体的全面去除,例如在固结和/或硬化过程开始时。
“气体去除层的一个平面”一词指的是在局部规模上基本上平行于气体去除层的主表面的假想层。但是,如果气体去除层被施加在硬化表面上,诸如多面体的外表面的一部分,所述平面也可被硬化。
为了理解本发明,认识在单个元件的制备和这样的元件的连接之间的不同是重要的。在包括纤维和树脂的制备元件的领域,用于传送气体的通道是已知的。在W O02/094564A1、GB 2376660A和WO02/090089 A1中披露了排气结构的示例。但是,所有这些排气结构需要与纤维材料相互作用以实现充分排气的效果。在一个元件中,通常提供纤维材料,因此这不是问题,并且在一些情况下,纤维材料可有助于元件的强化。当连接两个元件时,这种情况完全不同。用于排气的具有足够厚度的纤维层的引入通常是不利的,这是由于纤维通常定向在界面的平面中因而不利于连接的机械强度。在许多情况下,这样一个层的引入甚至可能减弱连接,这是由于在提供纤维的情况下与不提供纤维的情况下相比,元件的承载纤维之间的距离分离得较大。因此,如果用于连接元件,制备元件领域已知的排气方法不导致可靠的产品。
本发明所涉及的方法提供一种排气结构并且无需将纤维材料引入到元件之间的界面中。另外,如下面描述的,本发明所涉及的方法能够实现容易和快速的制造。
气体去除层可包括纤维材料。如果提供纤维材料,纤维材料的主要目的通常是用作在第三树脂固结和/或硬化之前独立第三树脂体积的载体。因此,与纤维材料的主要目的是用作强化或者用作气体输送装置的情况相比,纤维含量低。通常纤维含量应该低于25%(重量百分比),最好低于10%(重量百分比)。
但是,在一个优选实施例中,纤维材料被包括在气体去除层中以在被连接的元件之间提供可能的电势平衡。当元件是导电的或者包括导电纤维时这是特别相关的。包括纤维材料的主要目的在这样的情况下可是电势平衡或者电势平衡和独立第三树脂体积的支撑的组合。
从元件之间的界面去除气体例如可通过在界面上施加真空、机械地将气体从界面压出、使得至少一部分气体化学反应或者这些方法中的至少两种的组合来实现。如果采用真空方法,最好包括提供包围所述界面以及所述第一元件和/或所述第二元件的真空罩的步骤。在一个优选实施例中,真空罩是挠性的以例如通过真空罩内的真空或者外部加压设备在所述界面以及所述第一元件和/或所述第二元件上加压来强化固结。机械地将气体从界面压出例如可通过外部加压设备来实现,例如通过在整个表面上施加基本相同的压力或者在界面上的扫掠和/或增大的压力来实现,该方法可将气体压到界面的一端。
气体去除层的变形趋于去除或者消除气体去除层的开放体积。这例如可通过临时克服第三树脂的粘性来实现,例如可利用机械压力或者-最好-通过加热减小第三树脂的粘性。粘性的降低使得气体去除层共同流动或者熔化,从而减小气体去除层的开放体积。在一个优选实施例中,粘性的降低被控制以确保粘性的降低发生在移动通过界面的区域中。这可确保在该区域移动过程中气体传送可从该区域到外表面。
变形还可利用诸如在真空罩中的真空或者利用加压设备产生的外部作用力使得气体去除层塑性变形至少部分地实现。当第三树脂的粘性降低与外部作用力结合时气体去除层的变形率特别高。
在一个优选实施例中,气体去除层的变形逐渐发生,从远离气体出口的位置开始和在气体出口附近或者气体出口处结束。该程序是有利的,这是由于它减小了当该层变形和开放体积被去除时气体可被截留在气体去除层中的危险。这例如可通过对界面不均匀加热来实现,从而提供移动通过界面的加热区域。在该加热区域中,或者在其后面,粘性和/或机械压力足以使得气体去除层变形,而在加热区域前面的界面的部分仅被影响到有限程度。因此,气体传送网络在加热区域前面是开放的并且气体可很有效地从界面去除。
在充分固结和/或硬化后变形的气体去除层的厚度通常为100微米至500微米,并且最好为200微米至300微米,但是具有较大厚度诸如1至2毫米的层也是可以的。例如当较刚性的元件被连接时可使用厚层,特别是在元件没有很好地装配在一起时。当至少一个待连接的元件较软因而可紧密地顺从另一个元件时薄层是特别适合的。
第三树脂的粘度对于本发明的概念是重要的。室温下的粘度应该足够高以确保独立第三树脂体积具有足够的机械强度以在真空下保持气体渗透性(即,保持气体传送网络开放),最好至少在几分钟的时间内。这通常对应于在室温下为固体或者半固体的第三树脂。在固结过程中,粘度通常被降低。这例如可通过加热来实现。重要的是,在硬化完成之前,连接被固结,即,气体被去除。最好,在主硬化发生之前固结基本上完成。在一个优选实施例中,气体去除层在第一和第二元件之间的界面中被逐渐加热以通过逐渐加热界面实现气体去除层中的所需变形和固结。当温度提高时,第三树脂的粘度通常减小直至硬化反应占优势并且粘度再次增大。在使用基于环氧树脂的第三树脂的一个优选实施例中,在80℃至90℃实现最低的粘度,并且最小粘度为10000至1000000cP,诸如100000cP。但,在一些情况下较高和较低的粘度值可是需要的。
在一个优选实施例中,在所述气体去除层变形过程中第三树脂浸湿至少一些周围材料,诸如第一和第二元件以及这些元件中的一些部分。这是优选的,因为如果第三树脂浸湿周围材料,能够达到对该材料的较强的粘合。
在一个优选实施例中,在第一元件和第二元件之间的界面提供额外的树脂。在一个优选实施例中,额外的树脂可设有气体去除层,即,在与提供气体去除层相同的时刻。在一个特别优选实施例中,额外的树脂可是气体去除层的一个整体部分,诸如构成气体传送网络的结构的一部分。如果元件没有被它们各自的树脂充分湿润,提供额外的树脂是特别重要的,这是因为需要纤维的浸湿来实现最终复合结构的最大机械强度。
在另一个优选实施例中,在气体去除层的变形过程中从界面和/或元件的邻近部分去除多余的树脂。概括地说,该树脂不如纤维强化元件那么强并且如果在界面存在太多的树脂,去除多余的树脂可增大界面的机械性能以及最终连接的机械性能。如果树脂熔化作为固结程序的一部分,例如可通过气体去除层去除多余的树脂。
在一个优选实施例中,气体传送网络主要由在第三树脂的独立三维体积之间的空间形成。因此,提供具有很高数量的传送通道的传送网络。由于该网络,因此气体基本上不可能被截留在界面内无路逸出。在一个优选实施例中,网络基本上是由在所述第三树脂的独立三维体积之间的空间形成的,并且在另一个优选实施例中,网络仅是由在所述第三树脂的独立三维体积之间的空间形成的。
第三树脂的体积可呈现多种形状,诸如圆柱体、圆锥、球、立方体、具有多边形横截面的圆柱和圆锥、不规则块等。本领域技术人员将能够基于本发明得出多个相关形状。第三树脂线-特别如果线的网络被分配-可在多个全面方向上提供气体传送。但是,仅包括第三树脂平行线的气体去除层是不利的,这是因为在所有气体被去除之前一个或者多个通道可能被封闭,因此由于不存在可选择的气体去除路线而导致气体被截留。当独立的第三树脂体积被使用时这种类型的气体截留基本上是不可能的,这是由于许多可选择的气体去除路线存在直至固结和/硬化过程的下一阶段。
独立的第三树脂体积可是随机或者以一种系统方法分布的。系统方法的示例是三角形、六角形或者四边形几何形状、直线、曲线、开放线或者闭合线和这些的任何组合。包括在独立第三树脂体积之间的距离的尺寸、高度和分布可在宽范围内改变,这主要取决于例如待连接的元件的刚度(例如,元件的高度越小,第三树脂的体积越高和/或在独立第三树脂体积之间的距离越短)和第三树脂的粘度(例如,第三树脂的粘度越小,第三树脂的体积越高和/或在独立第三树脂体积之间的距离越短)等的条件。如果施加真空,那么体积应该具有足够的结构强度以能够至少在室温下保持传送网络。体积的高度和独立体积之间的距离应该确保传送网络在固结和/或硬化反应开始时保持开放以标准保证气体的去除。可推导在给定情况下建立最佳条件的试验公式,但是,也可利用系统和/或可由本领域技术人员执行的试验-和-误差试验工作来推导这样的条件。
可以多种方式提供气体去除层,例如这取决于自动化程度和元件的尺寸。在第一实施例中,气体去除层是由这样一种方法提供的,所述方法包括下列步骤:
-提供一第三树脂,可利用冷却;
-将所述第三树脂分开以获得至少半固态的第三树脂颗粒;
-分配所述至少半固态的第三树脂颗粒以形成具有气体传送网络的气体去除层,所述气体去除层能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在多个全面方向上进行气体传送。
“至少半固态”一词指的是半固态或者固态。“半固态”一词指的是高粘性流体或者软固体。
“颗粒”一词指的是具有任何规则或者不规则形状和尺寸的第三树脂的离散颗粒。颗粒形状例如可是球形、多边形的、圆柱形的、板形的、雪茄形、碎屑形、半球形或者这些形状中的任何组合。但是,形状不限于这些示例并且本领域技术人员将能够给出可能形状的多个示例。单个颗粒可具有类似的形状和尺寸,但是,这不是一项要求。在一个优选实施例中,颗粒的形状和/或尺寸的范围用于一种连接的准备。
利用该实施例,获得具有气体传送网络的气体去除层的很简单的方法被提供。第三树脂的分开可包括用于分开固体或者半固态第三树脂的任何已知技术,例如切割、研磨、摩擦或者磨削。或者,颗粒可形成为第三树脂的组分的一个整体部分,例如在凝固之前利用液体形成颗粒。
如果第三树脂在室温下是粘性的,它最好可在低温下被存储。当第三树脂加热到室温时,这样一种第三树脂的粘性接着可有助于使得连接定位直至界面硬化。
第三树脂的分开和分配可容易地被自动化,例如利用机器人,并且因此该实施例可是容易和快速制造的。
在第二实施例中,气体去除层是由这样一种方法提供的,所述方法包括下列步骤:
-有选择地可利用加热提供一液体第三树脂;
-分配所述液体第三树脂以形成具有气体传送网络的气体去除层,所述气体去除层能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在多个全面方向上进行气体传送;
-冷却和/或反应所述第三树脂至至少半固态。
在液态下施加第三树脂,比较容易控制第三树脂的尺寸和/或分配以实现所需的气体去除层。第三树脂例如可以点、区域、线等形式被施加。分配可是随机的或者有组织的。
如果第三树脂在室温下是液态的并且所选择的方法包括在界面上提供真空,那么最好在第三树脂处于至少半固态时在界面上施加真空以防止气体传送网络过早变形。
在上述用于提供气体去除层的方法的一个优选实施例中,第三树脂直接被分配在所述第一元件和所述第二元件之间的界面中。在一个优选实施例中,在连接所述第一元件和所述第二元件之前第三树脂直接被分配在所述第一元件和所述第二元件中的至少一个上。该方法特别适用于完全自动化过程中,例如利用机器人。
在上述用于提供气体去除层的方法的另一个优选实施例中,第三树脂被提供在支撑上,所述支撑随后被引入到界面中。如果气体去除层被预先或者在元件连接外的另一个位置被制备,这可是有利的。接着,用于连接的部分接着可在中心设备被制备,而连接的实际形成可发生在复合结构的最终施加的地点。
这例如可由下列步骤来实现:
-提供与所述第三树脂相关的支撑以强化所述气体去除层的操控;
-加热所述气体去除层以在所述支撑和所述第三树脂之间提供较强的粘合;
所述支撑是主要包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件,例如织造或者非织造织物、预浸料坯、半浸料坯(semi-pregs)、树脂和/或纤维的网或者片、面纱、脱膜纸等。
如果第三树脂在室温下不粘,那么提供较强的粘合的选择加热是特别相关的。在许多情况下,第三树脂的粘性足以固定连接到气体去除层上的覆盖层。最好但不要求的是,支撑是挠性的,这是因为这可有助于气体去除层的形状调整到界面形状。
在一个优选实施例中,支撑包括树脂,所述树脂可具有与第三或者其他任何树脂相同或者不同的成分。该实施例的优点在于,在建立连接过程中它没有将纤维材料引入到界面中。支撑树脂最好采用片状或者网状。“网”一词指的是形成至少二维网络的树脂线。
“面纱”一词例如指的是利用有机粘接剂固定在一起的具有随机分布的碳纤维的非织造的、开放的、气体渗透的网。相关面纱的一个示例是碳面纱。
当施加气体去除层时,支撑材料可与气体去除层分离或者不分离。
在用于提供气体去除层的第三实施例中,气体去除层可利用铸造技术来提供,所述铸造技术最好包括下列步骤:
-提供模型,所述模型相对于第三树脂是不粘的;
-浇注具有气体传送网络的气体去除层,所述气体去除层能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在多个全面方向上进行气体传送;
-提供支撑以强化所述气体去除层的操控,所述支撑是主要包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件,例如织造或者非织造织物、预浸料坯、半浸料坯(semi-pregs)、树脂和/或纤维的网或者片、面纱、脱膜纸等。
相关模型的示例是硅酮或者涂覆的金属模型。制备模型的一种简单方式是制备所需气体去除层的正像接着利用硅酮材料制造铸件。当硅酮硬化时,硅酮可用作模型。制备模型的其他方式和其他类型的模型在本领域是已知的并且由这样的模型制备的气体去除层因而也在本发明的范围内。
铸造气体去除层的生产最好可是自动化的以及利用连接两个元件的铸造气体去除层制备连接。
在一个优选实施例中,模型提供在构成气体传送网络的部分之间的网络形成。这例如可形成为网或者连续或者不连续的片,但,网或者不连续的片是优选的。
或者,等同于上述的支撑可在铸造之前或者之后被施加。在一个优选实施例中,在铸造之前纤维的开放网被施加在模型上,因而可实现在纤维和铸造的第三树脂之间的很强的连接。开放网例如可是面纱、织造或者非织造织物、预浸料坯、半浸料坯(semi-pregs)、纤维束或纤维束浸料坯。
提供气体去除层的上述任何一个实施例还可包括在气体去除层上提供覆盖层以形成用于强化操控的间夹气体去除层的步骤。覆盖层例如可是主要包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件,例如织造或者非织造织物、预浸料坯、半浸料坯(semi-pregs)、树脂和/或纤维的网或者片、面纱、脱膜纸等。
覆盖层可与选择的支撑是同种或者不同类型的。这样一种间夹气体去除层特别适用于输送和/或存储,这是由于与没有覆盖层的气体去除层相比,堆叠的间夹气体去除层粘在一起的危险减小。另外,在树脂中的一些化学物质是有毒的,这样的覆盖层可减小直接接触的量。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,气体去除层作为所述第一和第二元件的至少一个的一个整体部分被提供。气体去除层例如最好可作为该元件的制备的一部分被设置在元件上。这可节省由于连接工序的时间和设备。
另一方面,本发明提供一种气体去除层,所述气体去除层包括支撑第三树脂的支撑,第三树脂具有气体传送网络,所述气体传送网络能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在多个全面方向上进行气体传送。如上所述,这样一种气体去除层特别适用于从待连接的两个元件之间的界面去除气体。在一个优选实施例中,气体去除层是挠性的以保证它可与待连接的元件相符。
在一个优选实施例中,所述气体传送网络主要是由独立三维第三树脂体积之间的空间形成的,这是因为如上所述的它很简单并且还是高功能设计。
支撑元件最好是主要包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件,例如织造或者非织造织物、预浸料坯、半浸料坯(semi-pregs)、树脂和/或纤维的网或者片、面纱、脱膜纸等。在一个优选实施例中,支撑元件包括树脂并且因而支撑元件可在没有引入纤维材料的情况下被施加在连接上。
在气体去除层的一个优选实施例中,气体去除层还包括覆盖层。覆盖层与支撑元件可以是也可以不是相同类型。覆盖层增强气体去除层的操控性,特别是增强存储和输送性能,这是因为具有覆盖层的层不易粘在一起,即使它们已经被直接放置在相互的顶部上。
在本发明的另一个方面,少量干燥或者部分浸渍纤维或者纤维束被集成在上述气体去除层中以形成复合的气体去除层。因此,纤维可提供有限的气体传送,但是,通过由独立第三树脂体积形成的气体传送网络的气体传送应该是主要的并且纤维含量应该低于25%(重量百分比),最好低于10%(重量百分比)。在一个优选实施例中,纤维主要取向在优选的气体去除方向。相关纤维的示例是上述关于第一类型纤维和第二类型纤维描述的纤维,但是,最好使用玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维。
如果待连接的元件的一个或者两个包括导电材料,诸如碳纤维,那么存在在元件之间发生飞弧的危险,除非在界面两侧的电势平衡。因此,最好提供导电连接,从而确保界面上的电势平衡。在一个优选实施例中,电势平衡器与气体去除层集成。电连接例如可通过导电纤维(诸如碳纤维)或者金属来实现,但最好电势平衡器包括碳纤维。
元件之间的电连接通常围绕气体去除层或者穿过气体去除层。围绕气体去除层的一种电连接的示例是,在界面中设置气体去除层之前,例如以螺旋的方式或者等同形式围绕气体去除层缠绕的包括碳纤维的纤维束或者纤维束浸料坯。穿过气体去除层的一种电连接例如可包括碳纤维和/或缝合的或者以其他方式施加在气体去除层上的金属件。试验结果已经表明,通过气体去除层的电连接也可利用碳面纱作为支撑和/或覆盖层来实现。当气体去除层包括支撑和/或覆盖层时,关于气体去除层的电连接是最容易提供的。应该发现的是,电连接无需建立直至在结构的硬化过程中。对于气体去除层,因而应该考虑的是,在界面固结和/或硬化过程中气体去除层高度变形,其中元件之间的距离减小并且在该过程中连接可通常比较容易建立。
如上所述,本发明所涉及的气体去除层特别适用于在制备两个元件之间的连接过程中从在第一元件和第二元件之间的界面之间去除气体。特别是,当至少一个元件是非刚性的时气体去除层是适用的。
气体去除层和根据本发明的方法特别适用于制备风力涡轮机叶片特别是风力涡轮机叶片的梁以及风力涡轮机叶片的外壳,至少由于这些复合结构是很长的部件,并且最好以较小的部分制备,随后组合。另外,这些复合结构上承载的,并且具有良好的机械性能和再现性,这是本发明的一些优点,对于最终结构的性能是有害的。
附图说明
下面结合特别优选实施例以及附图对本发明进行更详细的描述,在附图中:
图1示出了两个元件和一个气体去除层;
图2示出了气体去除层;
图3示出了具有整体的气体去除层的元件;
图4示出了模型和铸造的气体去除层;以及
图5示出了用于具有支撑网的气体去除层的铸造的模型。
所有这些图是示意性的并且无需按比例绘制,它们仅示出了必需的部分以便于说明本发明,其他部分被省略或者仅是提及。
具体实施方式
在图1中,示出了将被连接的第一元件2和第二元件4。界面角α是一个面和第一元件2的侧面之间的角度,所述面是在连接时第一元件和第二元件之间的界面8。在图1中,示出的α的角度远小于90度。如果α减小,界面8的面积增大,如果界面没有空气间隙,这通常将导致较强的连接。在一个优选实施例中,α小于10度但当该角度小于大约2度时可达到更好的连接。如果元件包括纤维,所述纤维很硬诸如碳纤维,在一些情况下,α最好可低至0.5至1度或者更低。当元件通过连接被单向纤维强化时这是特别优越的。低的α角接着可允许第一和第二元件的纤维之间的并排连接,与利用较大的α角实现的端对端的连接相比,这是优选的。
气体去除层6被示出在元件2、4之间。气体去除层具有形成气体传送网络和支撑10的多个独立的第三树脂体积12。支撑10的主要任务是,固定独立的第三树脂体积的相对定位。为了清楚起见,第三树脂体积12的数量已经被减少。关于独立的第三树脂体积的尺寸的典型数值是,高大约1至3毫米,直径大约4至6毫米,并且中心之间的分开距离为大约10毫米。但是,尺寸和分离度可根据第三树脂的粘度和元件的性能(例如,刚度)大大改变。高度例如可在大约0.1毫米至5厘米或者更大的范围之间改变,分离度可在大约1毫米至20厘米或者更大的范围之间改变,直径可在1毫米至5厘米或者更大的范围之间改变。独立的第三树脂体积的几何形状基本上可是任何形状,只要它允许气体传送网络形成即可,但,诸如球、半球、圆柱、圆锥、立方体的简单几何形状或者截顶的几何形状是优选的。单个独立的第三树脂体积的尺寸和分离度对于所有第三树脂体积可是相同的或者它可改变。例如,在一个优选实施例中,第三树脂体积的高度在气体出口附近较大。
图1中表示,连接将导致第一元件的线性延伸。其他类型的可行连接例如为T形连接(即,一个元件基本上垂直地与另一个元件连接),L形连接(即,一个元件在端部附近或者端部处基本上垂直地与另一个元件连接)、Y形连接(即,其中两个或者多个元件以不同于90度的角度连接)、面对面(即,其中元件的两个主要表面相连接)。本领域技术人员根据这些示例能够推导本发明所涉及的方法的其他可行的应用。
在图2中示出了具有覆盖层14的气体去除层6。覆盖层例如可是脱膜纸或者包括纤维和/或树脂材料。通常,覆盖层的主要任务是增强气体去除层的操控。但是,覆盖层可用于其他目的,诸如在输送和/或存储或者保护独立的第三树脂体积不受到损害(例如,机械、化学、热等)过程中允许气体去除层叠置。覆盖层可在连接形成之前被去除或者不去除。
在一个特别适用于连接导电元件或者包括导电纤维的元件的优选实施例中,支撑10和覆盖层14包括导电纤维材料的开放网。该网例如可是碳面纱或者另一种具有相当的相关性能的材料。
在图3中示出了具有整体气体去除层6的第一元件2。在一个优选实施例中,气体去除层6的独立的第三树脂体积12被分配在元件的界面的部分上作为元件制备的最终步骤之一。这可在制备连接中节省大量的时间和设备,这是由于在元件的制造过程中通常使用能够分配独立的第三树脂体积12的设备。图3中所示的具有整体气体去除层6的元件2可与具有或者不具有整体的气体去除层的元件相连。在一个优选实施例中(未示出),覆盖层和/或支撑还设有整体的气体去除层,例如为了强化操控和/或在待连接的元件之间的电势平衡。
在图4中示出了用于铸造气体去除层的模型20的一个示例。在图4A中,从顶部整体观察模型20。在模型内表面26中可以看到多个凹陷部分22。模型可是刚性的或者挠性的,并且最好模型内表面26应该不与气体去除层的第三树脂粘连。在图4B中,可以观察到铸造的气体去除层6。气体去除层例如可通过重力或者利用诸如抹刀或者填塞刮刀的适合工具将诸如环氧树脂的第三树脂分配到图4A中所示的模型20中的凹陷部分22中来制备。在一个优选实施例中,第三树脂基本上仅存在于凹陷部分中。接着,支撑被放置在模型上接触第三树脂并且在第三树脂凝固后(例如利用冷却)可去除气体去除层。如果使用挠性模型,该模型可被弯曲以增强气体去除层的释放。因而图4A中所示的凹陷部分22形成独立的第三树脂体积12。独立的第三树脂体积12被支撑层10固定在一起,支撑层10例如可是碳面纱或者上述其他适合的另一种材料。在图4C中,示出了通过模型20的一些凹陷部分22的横截面。图4A中所示的模型20的凹陷部分22是成排分布的,但是,大多数其他类型的分布也是可行的,包括诸如六边形、三角形、四边形的规则图形和不规则图形。但是,要求独立的第三树脂体积的形状、尺寸和分布之间的关系能够形成至少在气体去除过程开始时是开放的气体传送网络。在图4D中,示出了气体去除层6的横截面。可以看出,独立第三树脂体积10被支撑12固定在一起。
在图5中示出了具有由阴影区域表示的第三树脂的模型20。该模型适用于制备具有用于连接独立第三树脂体积12的支撑网30的气体去除层。在图5A中,示出了模型20的顶视图。独立的第三树脂体积12是在模型内表面26中的圆柱形凹陷部分22(但任何其他可铸造的几何形状或者几何形状的组合是可行的,诸如倒圆锥、半球、立方体等)。用于将独立的第三树脂体积12固定在一起的支撑网30在第三树脂体积12之间的通道中被制备,但其他可铸造的几何形状也是可行的。应该注意的是,支撑网30在上述支撑元件的范围内。在图5B中示出了沿着图5A中的线B-B的横截面。可以看出,用于连接独立第三树脂体积的支撑网30被看作模型内表面26中的较窄凹陷部分。在图5C中示出了沿着图5A中的线C-C的横截面。可以看出,在该横截面中独立的第三树脂体积12之间没有任何连接。在图5D中示出了沿着图5A中的线D-D的横截面。这里,可以看出,独立的第三树脂体积12和用于连接独立的第三树脂体积的网30。
在一个优选实施例中,用于铸造气体去除层的模型,这样的模型如在图4和图5中所示的,包括:
-模型内表面;以及
-类似于待浇铸的所需独立的第三树脂体积的在模型表面中的多个凹陷部分。
该模型可是刚性的,具有容易释放的表面和/或涂层或者是挠性的,具有不粘表面,但是,最好该模型是挠性的,最好该模型是由一种基于硅酮的材料或者具有类似性能的材料制成的。
该模型还可包括连接至少两个凹陷部分的多个通道。
这样一种用于气体去除层铸造的挠性模型例如可利用这样一种方法制备,所述方法包括下列步骤:
-提供所需结构的正的三维表面;
-在所述三维表面上提供基于硅酮的树脂或者具有类似性能的材料;
-使得基于硅酮的树脂硬化;以及
-在基于硅酮的树脂硬化后去除基于硅酮的树脂,从而提供挠性模型。
该方法和模型容易使用并且为通过铸造生产气体去除层提供适合设计挠性和强度的模型。
附图标记说明
2               第一元件
4               第二元件
6               气体去除层
8               在第一元件和第二元件之间的界面
10              支撑
α               界面角度
12               独立的第三树脂体积
14               覆盖层
20               模型
22               凹陷部分
26               模型表面
28               模型外表面
30               支撑网

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1.一种用于功能上连接包括第一类型纤维和第一树脂的第一元件(2)与包括第二类型纤维和第二树脂的第二元件(4)的方法,包括下列步骤:
- 提供所述第一元件(2);
- 提供与所述第一元件(2)相邻的所述第二元件(4);
- 在所述第一元件和所述第二元件之间的界面的至少一部分中提供气体去除层(6),所述气体去除层使得气体在所述气体去除层的一个平面中沿着全面方向传送;
- 通过所述气体去除层从所述第一元件和所述第二元件之间的所述界面去除气体;
- 使得所述气体去除层变形;
- 使得所述界面固结和/或硬化;以及
其特征在于:所述气体去除层包括第三树脂,并且一气体传送网络由在所述第三树脂的独立三维体积之间的空间形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使得所述第一元件和/或所述第二元件共同固结和/或共同硬化。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
- 提供包围所述界面的真空罩,所述真空罩是挠性的以强化固结。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述真空罩包围所述第一元件(2)和/或所述第二元件(4)。
5.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气体去除层(6)的变形包括利用加热临时减小所述第三树脂的粘性。
6.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
- 在所述气体去除层的变形过程中所述第三树脂(12)至少浸湿周围的一些材料。
7.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气体去除层(6)的变形包括外部作用力,所述外部作用力通过加压装置提供的。
8.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过不均匀地加热所述界面,使得所述气体去除层(6)的变形逐渐发生,从远离气体出口的位置开始和在气体出口附近或者气体出口处结束以减小气体截留的危险,从而提供穿过所述界面移动的加热区域。
9.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述独立三维体积的高度和间隔被调整以保证所述气体传送网络是开放的直至适量的气体已经被去除。
10.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,还包括用于提供所述气体去除层的下列步骤:
- 提供至少半固态的第三树脂;
- 将所述第三树脂分开以获得至少半固态的第三树脂颗粒;
- 分配所述至少半固态的第三树脂颗粒以形成具有气体传送网络的气体去除层,所述气体去除层能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在全面方向上进行气体传送。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,利用冷却提供至少半固态的第三树脂。
12.如权利要求1至2中任何一项所述的方法,还包括用于提供所述气体去除层的下列步骤:
- 提供液体第三树脂;
- 分配所述液体第三树脂以形成具有气体传送网络的气体去除层,所述气体去除层能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在全面方向上提供气体传送。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,利用加热提供一液体第三树脂。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,冷却和/或反应所述第三树脂至至少半固态。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,第三树脂直接被分配在所述第一元件和所述第二元件之间的界面中,在连接所述第一元件和所述第二元件之前第三树脂直接被分配在所述第一元件和所述第二元件中的至少一个上。
16.如权利要求10所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
- 提供与所述第三树脂相连的支撑以强化所述气体去除层的操作;以及
所述支撑包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,加热所述气体去除层以在所述支撑和所述第三树脂之间提供较强的粘合。
18.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气体去除层(6)利用下列步骤提供:
- 提供模型(20);
- 浇铸具有气体传送网络的气体去除层,所述气体去除层能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在多个全面方向上提供气体传送。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,提供支撑(10)以强化所述气体去除层的操作,所述支撑是包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件。
20.如权利要求10所述的方法,还包括在气体去除层上提供覆盖层(14)以形成用于强化操作的间夹气体去除层的步骤,覆盖层包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件。
21.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
- 在第一元件(2)和第二元件(4)之间的所述界面提供额外的树脂,所述额外的树脂中的至少一些设有气体去除层,所述额外的树脂中的至少一些是作为所述气体去除层的一个整体部件而被提供的。
22.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气体去除层(6)作为所述第一和第二元件中的至少一个的一个整体部件被提供。
23.如权利要求1至2任何一项所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
在所述第一元件(2)和所述第二元件(4)之间提供电势平衡器,所述电势平衡器与所述气体去除层成为一个整体,所述电势平衡器包括碳纤维。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,在硬化过程中建立导电连接。
25.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述片状元件为织造的或者非织造织物。
26.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加压装置为真空罩。
27.如权利要求5所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
- 在所述气体去除层的变形过程中所述第三树脂(12)至少浸湿周围的一些材料。
28.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气体去除层(6)的变形包括外部作用力,所述外部作用力通过加压装置提供的。
29.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气体去除层(6)的变形包括外部作用力,所述外部作用力通过加压装置提供的。
30.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,第三树脂直接被分配在所述第一元件和所述第二元件之间的界面中,在连接所述第一元件和所述第二元件之前第三树脂直接被分配在所述第一元件和所述第二元件中的至少一个上。
31.如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
- 提供与所述第三树脂相连的支撑以强化所述气体去除层的操作;以及
所述支撑包括树脂和/或纤维材料的片状元件。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于,加热所述气体去除层以在所述支撑和所述第三树脂之间提供较强的粘合。
33.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模型与第三树脂是不粘接的。
34.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述片状元件为织造物或者非织造织物。
35.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述片状元件为预浸料坯、半浸料坯、网、面纱或脱膜纸。
36.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述片状元件为预浸料坯、半浸料坯、树脂和/或纤维的网或者片、面纱、脱膜纸。
37.一种风力涡轮机叶片,包括第一元件和第二元件,所述第一元件和第二元件通过利用如权利要求1至36中任何一项所述的方法连接。
38.一种气体去除层(6),所述气体去除层包括支撑树脂的支撑(10),树脂具有气体传送网络,所述气体传送网络由在所述树脂的独立三维体积之间的空间形成,所述气体传送网络能够在所述气体去除层的平面中在全面方向上提供气体传送,其特征在于:所述支撑包括纤维材料的片状元件。
39.如权利要求38所述的气体去除层,其特征在于,还包括覆盖层(14)以增强处理效果。
40.如权利要求38所述的气体去除层,其特征在于,所述片状元件为织造物或者非织造织物。
41.如权利要求38所述的气体去除层,其特征在于,所述片状元件为预浸料坯、半浸料坯、网、面纱或脱膜纸。
42.如权利要求38或39所述的气体去除层用于从第一元件和第二元件之间的界面去除气体的使用方法。
CNB038262401A 2003-03-06 2003-05-28 元件之间的连接 Expired - Lifetime CN100471657C (zh)

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