CN100455975C - High-temperature superconductive element based on nano material and its prepn. - Google Patents
High-temperature superconductive element based on nano material and its prepn. Download PDFInfo
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- CN100455975C CN100455975C CNB021343195A CN02134319A CN100455975C CN 100455975 C CN100455975 C CN 100455975C CN B021343195 A CNB021343195 A CN B021343195A CN 02134319 A CN02134319 A CN 02134319A CN 100455975 C CN100455975 C CN 100455975C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a heat superconductive element based on nanometer materials and also relates to a preparation method. The preparation method has the steps that firstly, 10 to 100 nm of grain diameter of nanometer composite metal powder with high heat-conducting property, or diamond powder or metal oxide is prepared; secondly, the power is sprayed on the surface of the existing strengthening heat transfer element to form a coating layer by a technology of plasma spraying; thirdly, one of the metal is vaporized by a technology of laser evaporation, and thus, a microscopic structure in the size of nanometer or sub-micrometer is formed on the surface of the coating layer so as to form a heat exchange element with the heat superconductive property. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of quick heat conducting speed rate, small heat resistance, long service life, high efficiency, compact structure, wide range of application, etc.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to energy technology field, specifically be meant a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material and preparation method thereof.
(2) background technology
China's industrial energy consumption accounts for 50% of whole society's total energy consumption, and the unit product energy consumption level of the intensive process of many power consumptions is higher by 30～90% than international most advanced level.Heat transmission equipment is widely used in the industrial process as a kind of common apparatus that has a large capacity and a wide range, and with the exchange heat of realization technological process, and heat exchanger is total with 33% of energy with just accounting for industry.Therefore, enhanced heat exchange device heat transfer efficiency just becomes energy-saving and cost-reducing key technology.At present, the home and abroad all adopts the method for intensify heat transfer pipe to improve the heat conductive efficiency of heat transmission equipment, this by changing the reinforcement technique of heat exchange surface structure, owing to be subjected to the restriction of machined intensity and factors such as cost, surface scale, cause the heat transfer property of heat transmission equipment to improve not remarkable.The development volume is little, in light weight, new favourable turn appears in the high-efficiency compact formula heat-exchange apparatus of good heat-transfer and the appearance of nanometer technology makes.Size is little, specific area reaches quantum size effect and skin effect greatly owing to having for nanometer materials, makes it have a lot of special nature.Heat superconducting tech is a medium to receive crystal grain just, is injected into metal (or nonmetal) surface and forms " nanostructured layers ", is constructed with the heat exchange element of hot superconducting characteristic, to realize the purpose of industrial widely used heat-exchange apparatus energy-saving material-saving.
(3) summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome defectives such as the heat transfer efficiency that exists in existing industry and the civilian heat-exchange apparatus is low, volume is big, thermal resistance is big, and a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material and preparation method thereof is provided.The tangential thermal resistance of this element surface levels off to zero, improves the heat transfer property of heat-exchange apparatus effectively, reduces the heat-exchange apparatus volume, reaches the purpose of energy-saving material-saving.
The preparation method of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the steps and process conditions:
The first step prepares high thermal conductivity nano composite powder, diamond dust or the metal oxide that particle diameter is 10～100nm;
Second step formed coating---nanostructured layers with above-mentioned material on existing enhanced heat transfer component surface with plasma spraying technology;
The 3rd step was evaporated wherein a kind of metal with laser beam evaporation, formed the microstructure of nanometer or submicron-scale at coating surface, make heat exchange surface tangentially the direction thermal resistance level off to zero, be constructed with the heat exchange element of hot superconducting characteristic.
In order to realize the present invention better, the preparation method of the above-mentioned first step can adopt mechanical ball milling method, precipitation transformation method or sol-gel process; High thermal conductivity nano composite powder is any two kinds of mixtures among Cu, Al, Ag, Fe, the Ti, and the weight ratio of its high-melting-point material and low melting point is 5～25: 75～95; Metal oxide materials is CuO, Al
2O
3, SiO
2, TiO
2The laser beam evaporation in the 3rd step is in 800～1500 ℃ temperature range, evaporates wherein a kind of low-melting-point metal.The inventor proves that by repetition test heat exchange element surface " nanostructured layers " thickness is 100nm～4 μ m, and when pore-size distribution was 30～90nm, heat exchange element is tangential thermal conductivity factor maximum along the surface, and this moment, tangential thermal resistance leveled off to zero.
A kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material of the present invention is by method for preparing.
High-temperature superconductive element is the main member in the heat transmission equipment, various thermoexcells that can be in shell-and-tube, coil exchanger are (according to the use occasion of heat exchanger, heat exchanger tube can be a closed at both ends, also can be untight) on process, also can be applied to heat exchanger plates in the plate type heat exchanger etc.This heat transfer element is not limited to common smooth surface, also can be the rough surface that process machined or other method were handled.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1. a kind of high-temperature superconductive element heat-transfer rate based on nano material provided by the invention is fast, has hot superconductivity in the heat exchange surface tangential direction, heat can be delivered to the other end from an end rapidly.
2. a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material provided by the invention in use, its surface temperature is even, the destruction of avoiding material thermal stress distribution inequality to be produced improves the stability of heat-exchange system, prolongs the service life of heat exchanger.
3. a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material provided by the invention has the good heat transfer performance, has reduced the dimensional requirement to equipment, is applied to heat transmission equipment, can improve the coefficient of heat transfer, makes the heat exchanger structure compactness.
4. the present invention is applied widely, can in multiple industry and civilian heat exchanger, use, as the evaporimeter of aerial cooler, air heater, water heater, economizer, waste heat boiler, electric heater, refrigerator and air conditioner and condenser, electronic element radiating sheet, reboiler etc.
(4) specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment one
Raw material are: metal A l powder, fusing point are that 660 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m; Metal Cu powder, fusing point are that 1063 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m.Concrete steps are: with Al and Cu metal dust is that 5: 95 ratio is mixed and placed high energy ball mill by weight, 450 ℃ of grindings, form particle diameter at the Al-Cu of 20～50nm scope composite metal powder, this kind powder is sprayed at the inside and outside wall of heat exchanger tube by plasma method, adopt laser beam evaporation then in the time of 880 ℃, make metal A l evaporation wherein, formation thickness is that 100nm～4 μ m, pore-size distribution are that 30～50nm copper is received the hot superconducting layer of crystal grain.As mentioned above, can realize the present invention preferably.
Embodiment two
Raw material are: metal A l powder, fusing point are that 660 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m; Metal Cu powder, fusing point are that 1063 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m.Concrete steps are: with Al and Cu metal dust is that 15: 85 ratio is mixed and placed high energy ball mill by weight, 450 ℃ of grindings, form particle diameter at the Al-Cu of 20～50nm scope composite metal powder, this kind powder is sprayed at the inside and outside wall of heat exchanger tube by plasma method, adopt laser beam evaporation then in the time of 800 ℃, make metal A l evaporation wherein, formation thickness is that 100nm～4 μ m, pore-size distribution are that 50～70nm copper is received the hot superconducting layer of crystal grain.As mentioned above, can realize the present invention preferably.
Embodiment three
Raw material are: metal A l powder, fusing point are that 660 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m; Metal Cu powder, fusing point are that 1063 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m.Concrete steps are: with Al and Cu metal dust is that 25: 75 ratio is mixed and placed high energy ball mill by weight, 450 ℃ of grindings, form particle diameter at the Al-Cu of 20～50nm scope composite metal powder, this kind powder is sprayed at the inside and outside wall of heat exchanger tube by plasma method, adopt laser beam evaporation then in the time of 880 ℃, make metal A l evaporation wherein, formation thickness is that 100nm～4 μ m, pore-size distribution are that 70～90nm copper is received the hot superconducting layer of crystal grain.As mentioned above, can realize the present invention preferably.
Embodiment four
Raw material are: metal Fe powder, fusing point are that 1080 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m; Diamond dust, fusing point are that 3650 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m.Concrete steps are: with Fe and diamond dust is that 25: 75 ratio is mixed and placed high energy ball mill by weight, 450 ℃ of grindings, form particle diameter at the Fe-of 20～50nm scope diamond composition metal/non-metal powder, this kind powder is sprayed at the inside and outside wall of heat exchanger tube by plasma method, adopt laser beam evaporation then in the time of 1500 ℃, make metal Fe evaporation wherein, formation thickness is that 100nm～4 μ m, pore-size distribution are that 30～90nm diamond is received the hot superconducting layer of crystal grain.As mentioned above, can realize the present invention preferably.
Embodiment five
Raw material are: metal A l powder, fusing point are that 660 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m; Butyl titanate (TBtOT), ethanol, polyethylene glycol (PEG-600), water, nitric acid.Concrete steps are: metal A l powder is placed high energy ball mill, 450 ℃ of grindings, form particle diameter at the metal A l of 20～50nm scope powder; Adopt sol-gel process, utilize butyl titanate (TBtOT), ethanol, polyethylene glycol (PEG-600), water and nitric acid reaction, after separation, ageing, drying, make the TiO of particle diameter in 10～30nm scope
2Metal oxide powder; Above-mentioned two kinds of powder are mixed by weight 15: 85 ratio; Mixed powder is sprayed at the inside and outside wall of heat exchanger tube by plasma method, adopts laser beam evaporation then in the time of 1200 ℃, make metal A l evaporation wherein, formation thickness is that 100nm～4 μ m, pore-size distribution are the TiO of 30～90nm
2Receive the hot superconducting layer of crystal grain.As mentioned above, can realize the present invention preferably.
Embodiment six
Raw material are: metal A l powder, fusing point are that 660 ℃, particle diameter are 1～100 μ m; NaOH, copper nitrate, deionized water.Concrete steps are: metal A l powder is placed high energy ball mill, 450 ℃ of grindings, form particle diameter at the metal A l of 20～50nm scope powder; Adopt the precipitation transfer method, utilize NaOH, copper nitrate and deionized water reaction,, make the CuO metal oxide powder of particle diameter in 20～50nm scope through separation, drying; Above-mentioned two kinds of powder are mixed by weight 15: 85 ratio; Mixed powder is sprayed at the inside and outside wall of heat exchanger tube by plasma method, adopt laser beam evaporation then in the time of 1200 ℃, make metal A l evaporation wherein, formation thickness is that 100nm～4 μ m, pore-size distribution are that the CuO of 30～90nm receives the hot superconducting layer of crystal grain.As mentioned above, can realize the present invention preferably.
When preparing a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material of the present invention, can adopt the heat-transfer pipe of closed at both ends, this heat-transfer pipe is not limited to normal optical slip pipe face, also can be the heat-transfer pipe with various structure fins.For example industrial heat recovery heat exchanger, reflux type is adopted in heat exchange, and hot fluid is by heat exchanger and cold fluid generation heat exchange, recovery section heat energy.Heat-transfer pipe is divided into two ends by dividing plate in the heat exchanger, is in the thermal treatment zone and cooling zone respectively.During heat exchanger work, hot fluid is by the cooling zone, and heat-transfer pipe is heated, and rapidly heat is delivered to the other end of heat exchanger tube, will take away heat and the temperature rising by the fluid of the thermal treatment zone, thereby finish the cold and hot exchange process of cold fluid and hot fluid in heat exchanger.
The work operation logic of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material of the present invention is as follows: after high-temperature superconductive element one end temperature raises, in the nano surface structured metal layer of high-temperature superconductive element, cause the molecule concussion, because the quantization effect of nanometer metal structure layer, this shakes the other end that arrives high-temperature superconductive element with the form bamboo telegraph of radiated wave, makes heat exchange element be far longer than the hot superconductivity that its normal orientation thermal conductivity factor λ o is formed on its surperficial tangential direction at the apparent thermal conductivity factor λ a of its surperficial tangential direction.
The concrete using method of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material of the present invention is as follows: this will be replaced the heat exchange element of former heat transmission equipment based on the high-temperature superconductive element of nano material, need not any other processing.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method based on the high-temperature superconductive element of nano material is characterized in that, it comprises the steps and process conditions:
The first step prepares high thermal conductivity nano composite powder, diamond dust or the metal oxide that particle diameter is 10～100nm;
Second step formed coating with above-mentioned material on existing enhanced heat transfer component surface with plasma spraying technology;
The 3rd step was evaporated wherein a kind of metal with laser beam evaporation, in the microstructure of coating surface formation nanometer or submicron-scale, was constructed with the heat exchange element of hot superconducting characteristic.
2. the preparation method of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the preparation method of the first step adopts mechanical ball milling method, precipitation transformation method or sol-gel process.
3. the preparation method of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, high thermal conductivity nano composite powder is any two kinds of mixtures among Cu, Al, Ag, Fe, the Ti, and the weight ratio of its high-melting-point material and low melting point is 5～25: 75～95.
4. the preparation method of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material according to claim 1 is characterized in that metal oxide materials is CuO, Al
2O
3, SiO
2, TiO
2
5. the preparation method of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material according to claim 1 is characterized in that heat exchange element face coat thickness is 100nm～4 μ m, and pore-size distribution is 30～90nm.
6. the preparation method of a kind of high-temperature superconductive element based on nano material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the laser beam evaporation in the 3rd step is in 800～1500 ℃ of temperature ranges, evaporates wherein a kind of low-melting-point metal.
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| CNB021343195A CN100455975C (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2002-07-08 | High-temperature superconductive element based on nano material and its prepn. |
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| CNB021343195A CN100455975C (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2002-07-08 | High-temperature superconductive element based on nano material and its prepn. |
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| CN1389703A CN1389703A (en) | 2003-01-08 |
| CN100455975C true CN100455975C (en) | 2009-01-28 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100453955C (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2009-01-21 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Heat pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN100437013C (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2008-11-26 | 天津大学 | Heating tube with nanometer coating on internal surface and evaporator |
| CN104976597A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-10-14 | 株式会社唻迪克世 | Led lamp heat radiation structure using mechanical alloying method and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105155178B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-08-28 | 广东大众农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of low cost extraction dyeing waste water heat |
| CN108358613A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-08-03 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of compound hot spray powder of alundum (Al2O3)/TiO 2 precursor and preparation method thereof |
| CN111102865B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2024-05-17 | 安徽工业大学 | Metal-nonmetal composite capillary core applied to loop heat pipe system and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS648266A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Laser beam vapor deposition method |
| CN1329123A (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-01-02 | 南京理工大学 | Nanometer fluid high-effective heat-conductive cooling working medium and its preparation method |
-
2002
- 2002-07-08 CN CNB021343195A patent/CN100455975C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS648266A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Laser beam vapor deposition method |
| CN1329123A (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-01-02 | 南京理工大学 | Nanometer fluid high-effective heat-conductive cooling working medium and its preparation method |
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