CN100446670C - Fruit tree antifreeze blossom-protecting agent - Google Patents
Fruit tree antifreeze blossom-protecting agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN100446670C CN100446670C CNB2007100172309A CN200710017230A CN100446670C CN 100446670 C CN100446670 C CN 100446670C CN B2007100172309 A CNB2007100172309 A CN B2007100172309A CN 200710017230 A CN200710017230 A CN 200710017230A CN 100446670 C CN100446670 C CN 100446670C
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Abstract
The invention discloses an agent for preventing fruit trees from freezing and protecting flowers, wherein the agent comprises the following raw materials (by weight ratio): cane sugar 20-70%, boracic acid 20-70%, table salt 5-40%, and gibberellin 0.5-4%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the florescence frost prevention technique field of the fruit tree of crops, relate to a kind of medicament of pre-frost protection, particularly a kind of freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence.
Background technology
Apple producing region, Shaanxi multidigit is in area, NORTHWEST CHINA loess plateau in Wei Bei and area, Yan'an.The loess plateau has the good ecological basis of development apple industry: height above sea level is between 800～1200m; Day and night temperature is big, 11.8～16.6 ℃ of temperature diurnal inequalities; Soil layer is deep, loess cover layer 50～100m, and quality is loose, and ventilative retaining performance is strong; Dry, air humidity is low, and the damage by disease and insect generation is light etc.But the loess plateau is typical continental climate, the air drying, and the climatic variation impermanence, early spring, cold current was movable frequent, and the apple florescence usually meets with the low temperature frost damage, has a strong impact on the apple production normal development.After the apple florescence suffers freeze injury, the atrophy of the lighter's pistil, the pollen vigor descends, and germination rate reduces, and the flower fertilization of can not normally pollinating causes a large amount of fruit drops; Weight person's flower is dried-up, dead.Be subjected to frost to influence the gently then underproduction of apple, heavy then the total crop failure.Apple florescence frost also can cause the rugged shape of fruit growth, and the cork layer spot appears in pericarp, and fineness is poor, has a strong impact on fruit quality and selling price.It is reported: on April 10 calendar year 2001, Wei Bei Huang Ling, Luochuan meet with frost, nearly 5 one-tenth of the apple underproduction, part small towns grape, Chinese prickly ash total crop failure; Changwu, Chunhua, Bin County apple florescence run into the frost underproduction three, four one-tenth at the beginning of 2002 4 months, the husband of Changwu County, Peng's public affairs, the most of orchard underproduction six, seventy percent in Di Zhang township, and nearly 1/3rd orchards do not have income; Florescence frost takes place again on April 8th, 2003 Yongshou, Chunhua, plain boiled water, Changwu, Yao County apple, and masses' 0.07 hectare on applying fruit trees with fertilizer, spray medicine is invested more than 150 yuan, and a frost is paid investment and come to naught.On April 5th～6,2004, Wei Beiguo district apple bud stages such as Changwu, Chunhua, Bin County, Yao County have experience frost, about 3 one-tenth of the average underproduction, some areas underproduction seven, eighty per cant.Report on March 28th, 2002 according to " Yantai fruit tree ", Shandong has also met with late frost harm rarely seen in the history, the whole province peach, cherry, apricot, the Chinese prickly ash underproduction seven to eighty per cant, only Laiyang, two counties, Qixia assorted fruit economic loss are 1.2 hundred million yuan, and the whole province's apple, pears economic loss are above 1,000,000,000 yuan.
Blooming of fruit trees generation frost calamity is quite general in world's agricultural production in fact.Up to the present, conscientiously study in the freeze injury of prevention blooming of fruit trees both at home and abroad, the technology that adopts in the production of fruit trees is of a great variety, can be divided into types such as physical method and chemical method and other technologies method.
One, physical method comprises:
(1) orchard fumigation: this is the traditional frost prevention technique of northern China.Fumigation can locally improve surface air temperature, stops the cold air aggegation, and is time saving and energy saving, and certain effect is arranged.According to test, the dense place of smoke screen more smokelessly locates to improve 0.2 ℃-0.9 ℃ of temperature during fumigation.But smoke screen covers and to heat limitedly, if meet wind and rain, is difficult to implement, and smogout aspect such as hold time is wayward, and large tracts of land is used difficulty, and cooling extent is big, low temperature continues period when longer, and effect is undesirable.In addition, fumigation is only applicable to radiation proof frost, and to anti-advection frost weak effect, so practical application is subjected to certain limitation.
(2) pour water: before frost arrives, pour water for the orchard large tracts of land, water florescence water.According to test, the district's tree crown temperature-averaging of pouring water can improve 1.0 ℃.This mainly is because the heat capacity of water is more much bigger than the soil and the air of drying, the heat energy of deep subsoil is uploaded after pouring water, in addition, the temperature of pouring water generally will exceed 0 ℃ a lot, the large tracts of land temperature around can directly influencing of pouring water, these factors can make the apple floral organ avoid and alleviate freeze injury.But have very big difficulty during practical application, at first temperature fall time is difficult to determine, even predict frost takes place period, is difficult to finish in the short time and pours water, and it is less important certain water source.
(3) tree crown water spray: to the tree crown water spray, utilize the condense principle of heat release of water to increase the tree crown temperature, the general intermittently water spray that adopts, promptly water spray once more before water condenses can keep the tree crown temperature like this about 0 ℃.Each apple production state of Europe all is extensive use of the water spray technology at present.Although this technology is easy to use, preparation water spray facility is difficulty relatively, and secondly, apple producing region, NORTHWEST CHINA loess plateau does not have the water source, is difficult to carry out the water spray technology.
(4) trunk is whitewashed: can reduce the absorption of tree body to amount of solar heat, therefore postpone the florescence, stagger in time the frost phase.Russia once promoted this technology, but practical effect is undesirable.
(5) air blast: adopt high-power fan blower to dispel cold air, do not make its cohesion.This is the technology that the U.S. promoted in recent years, but undesirable for large tracts of land, high-intensity cooling-down effect.
Two, chemical method comprises:
(1) growth regulator class: adopt inhibitor (PB0), make flowering delay, the frost prone period of staggering.
(2) antifreezing agent class: adopt medicament sprinkling tree crowns such as antifreeze foliage fertilizer, change the physiological property of fruit tree, strengthen antifreeze function.
(3) comprehensive medicament: medicament comprises multiple effect, and " sky reaches-2116 " as homemade can increase fruit tree nutrition, increases the plant cell membrane stability, but the antifreezing effect instability.
Three, additive method:
As adopt the greenhouse to protect technology, tree crown overlay films etc. such as cultivation, implement certain difficulty in the production.
The antifreezing agent product category rareness that at present domestic and international fruit tree is used, major part is rule of thumb filled a prescription, and acts on fruit tree growth and regulates, and improves the anti-frost ability of tree body, thereby reaches the purpose of pre-frost protection.Lacking strict science data supports.And effect is very different, also lacks the freezing proof technique product of stable performance.
In recent years,, directly cause the billions of units of economic loss, become fruit industry producer great trouble in mind, caused the attention of relevant government department because the florescence freeze injury of apple producing region takes place in succession.Owing to do not carrying out system research aspect the florescence freeze injury prevention technique, the orchard worker still applies mechanically the fumigation in the 60 to 70's of 20th century, outmoded technology such as water in the production, and effect can not be satisfactory.
Summary of the invention
At defective or the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, the present invention seeks to study according to cause harm mechanism research and the corresponding physiological and biochemical procedure of fruit tree of apple florescence frost, a kind of anti-freezing flower retention agent of being convenient to the fruit tree use is provided.Before and after frost takes place, adopt plant equipment to spray this anti-freezing flower retention agent, can reach the effect of pre-frost protection.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence is characterized in that, the raw material and the percentage by weight thereof that make this freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence are: sucrose: 20%～70%; boric acid: 20%～70%; salt: 5%～40%, gibberellin: 0.5%～4%, the summation of raw material is 100%.
Freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence preparation of the present invention is simple; easy to use; simple to operate, saving of work and time, with low cost; effect is remarkable; fruit tree growth is not poisoned, can not constitute a threat to the fruit safety, the scope of application is wide; be applicable to northern China fruit growing district, solve the problem of the difficult anti-refractory of florescence frost that perplexs the orchard worker for a long time.Manage and the production economic benefit for improving China's fruits output and quality, increasing, the development of stable fruit industry promotes that peasant programme is significant.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment that know-why of the present invention and inventor provide.
The thinking of prevention blooming of fruit trees frost technology can be divided into both at home and abroad: the one, and the ecoclimate condition of the local subenvironment of change reduces cooling extent; The 2nd, regulate the fruit tree phenophase, make the florescence avoid frost prone period.
The florescence freeze injury is actually the floral organ cell and freezes at low temperatures, causes cellular damage, loses vigor.The effect of anti-freezing flower retention agent of the present invention is to reduce the cell freezing temperature, before and after frost takes place the fruit tree floral organ is directly sprayed, and reaches pre-frost damage prevention and the treatment freeze injury purpose to the floral organ injury.Through research and model experiment demonstration for many years; and the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence updated and adjust, form a kind of freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence of maturation, the experiment proved that; spray this freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence and can solve blooming of fruit trees freeze injury in frost season, producing for the fruit industry provides reliable technique to guarantee.
Research and development freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence, its cardinal principle are by replenishing the fruit tree endotrophic, increasing fruit tree to the low temperature resistivity; Reduce the flower freezing point, protection floral organ cell is seldom icing in low temperature environment, preserves from; Improve the pollen survival ability, promote the pollination fertilization.
The raw material of freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence of the present invention and percentage by weight thereof are: sucrose: 20%～70%, and boric acid: 20%～70%, salt: 5%～40%, gibberellin: 0.5%～4%, the summation of raw material is 100%.
Following inventor provides specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Adopt sucrose 80g, boric acid 100g, salt 18g, gibberellin 2g gets final product above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt sucrose 60g, boric acid 117g, salt 20g, gibberellin 3g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt sucrose 60g, boric acid 120g, salt 18.5g, gibberellin 1.5g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 4:
Adopt sucrose 90g, boric acid 90g, salt 17g, gibberellin 3g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 5:
Adopt sucrose 75g, boric acid 100g, salt 22g, gibberellin 3g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 6:
Adopt sucrose 100g, boric acid 80g, salt 17g, gibberellin 3g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 7:
Adopt sucrose 70g, boric acid 98g, salt 30g, gibberellin 2g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 8:
Adopt sucrose 40g, boric acid 100g, salt 52g, gibberellin 8g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 9:
Adopt sucrose 140g, boric acid 40g, salt 14g, gibberellin 6g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 10:
Adopt sucrose 40g, boric acid 140g, salt 18g, gibberellin 2g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 11:
Adopt sucrose 50g, boric acid 65g, salt 80g, gibberellin 5g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 12:
Adopt sucrose 40g, boric acid 100g, salt 52g, gibberellin 8g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 13:
Adopt sucrose 90g, boric acid 90g, salt 15g, gibberellin 5g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
Embodiment 14:
Adopt sucrose 80g, boric acid 100g, salt 19g, gibberellin 1g can obtain the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence with above-mentioned four kinds of raw materials mixing.
The foregoing description can also exemplify many, as long as at formula range of the present invention, all can obtain satisfied freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence.
Freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence of the present invention, its result of use surpasses current general prevention fruit tree floral organ frost medicament.Use the present invention then mainly to be conceived to reduce fruit tree flower freezing point temperature, thereby deduction and exemption frost endangers to fruit tree, effect is remarkable.Used before frost takes place, 200～500 times of available anti-freezing flower retention agents spray fruit tree flower and bud.The frost emergence period, available 200 times of anti-freezing flower retention agent liquid, and the adding polyoxin sprays.If cooling extent is big, low temperature longer duration, anti-freezing flower retention agent dissolve 200 times of 5% sucrose solution, and add polyoxin.The present invention not only can use on fruit tree, and also can use on vegetables, rape and cereal crops.
Below be concrete EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE:
1, spring in 2006, longer microthermal climate takes place in Shaanxi Province, and minimum temperature reaches-3 ℃.Changwu County and Yongshou County are when frost takes place, and the Fuji apple garden sprays anti-freezing flower retention agent, and part orchard worker does not spray, investigation statistics, and the difference of bearing fruit highly significant sees Table 1.
Table 1 frost sprays agent for improving pollination used inflorescence and Fuji apple is beared fruit influences 2006 when taking place
2,30 mu of theatre, honest and just Longjiang, Fuping County Liu Ji township spray anti-freezing flower retention agent before pear tree bloomed in 2002, when pear tree runs into low temperature flowering stage, and minimum temperature-1 ℃, more than 30 hour duration.Peasant household's major part does not spray agent for improving pollination used inflorescence on every side.After January, both significant differences of bearing fruit, the 30 mu of theatre of Geng Longjiang that spray anti-freezing flower retention agent are beared fruit many, and the orchard of not spraying medicine bears fruit seldom, behind the fruit harvesting, output differs greatly, and sees Table 2.
Table 2 anti-freezing flower retention agent result of use on pear tree
3, low temperature frost takes place in area, weinan in evening on the 20th March in 1997, and minimum temperature reaches-2 ℃, about three days duration.Pear tree bud stage just at that time, here the pear tree bud withered in second day, and the cortex of ovary and bennet can both be peeled off easily.Liu Ji township, Fuping County and execute the 4000 mu of pear trees in local and be injured, thousands of the orchard workers in two townshiies accept this invention technical training, spray the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence period in the frost generation.With hot water medicament is melted earlier, add water then, the fruit tree flower is sprayed with sprayer to suitable concentration.After January, the site inspection of county fruit industry office sprays this product pear tree and bears fruit again and again, and living pear tree strain in 4 years is produced and reached more than 50 jin, 5000～7000 jin of per mu yields, seven, 8,000 yuan of peasant's mu incomes; And the Hua Zhu township pear tree strain in 10 years that does not spray the freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence is all beared fruit 17,700～800 jin of per mu yields, thousand yuan of income less thaies.
4, on April 5th, 2003, low temperature frost took place in the Changwu of Shaanxi county, apple flowering stage just when frost takes place.The most peasants in Changwu County spray freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence of the present invention during frost, medicine is not sprayed because of the pharmaceutical supply deficiency in a part of orchard.The orchard that the result the sprays anti-freezing flower retention agent showed increased of bearing fruit, the orchard that does not spray is beared fruit sparse, and output differs 2～3 times.
5, Yangling District Li Tai township five-pointed star village Feng sprayed the anti-freezing flower retention agent secondary at precious its tomato florescence in 2002～2005, and ten days at interval, the tomato production fruit was individual big as a result, and it is many to bear fruit, and in these village vegetables produced, income came out at the top.
6, the present invention uses on apple, peach, plum, apricot, and benefit is highly significant also.According to the reflection of Heyang County, Shaanxi fruit tree station; adopt freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence of the present invention to spray 30 mu of plum trees; kind is Australia Lee 14; it is very poor just to have beared fruit as a result the time; use anti-freezing flower retention agent, plum is beared fruit fine for years, with adjacent same kind, do not spray anti-freezing flower retention agent with the orchard of the age of tree; it is few to bear fruit, and output is less than half of their orchard.The present invention so far, provinces such as Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, Beijing, Hebei are small area applications.
In sum, fruit-tree anti-freezing flower retention agent preparation of the present invention is simple, and successful is applied widely, Easy and simple to handle, be easy to promote, can solve the frost problem in large tracts of land orchard.
1, frost generation anteroposterior diameter excessively machinery just spray and can reach prevention effect, compared with other frosts preventions The technology saving of work and time. And the spraying facility of the MU spraying pesticide that sprays, the peasant does not need again to establish Put and buy facility.
2, at frost front and back take place according to the results of measuring fruit tree, every mu of use cost is taken 10～15 yuan, cost Cheap, effect is remarkable. Be about 1/3rd to 1/5th of agricultural chemicals usage charges. If adopt Pre-frost protection plastic film net, every mu of architectural establishment expense reaches nearly ten thousand yuan, and only every mu of needs of plastic film cost are thousands of Unit used after 2 years, need change again, again purchased.
3, fruit tree growth is not poisoned, can not use the fruit security the present invention that constitutes a threat to Raw material is not that country forbids medicament at Production of fruit, can not produce harmful effect to growth and development of fruit tree, Can not have a negative impact to health yet.
4, the present invention not only can reduce the infringement that freeze injury causes floral organ, also can protect the floral organ column cap, Ovary and stamen, and promote stamen development to increase Pollen Activity, promote the Fruit Tree Pollination fertilization, increase Bear fruit, fruit tree bud and floral organ are had protective effect.
Claims (1)
1. freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence; it is characterized in that the raw material and the percentage by weight thereof that make this freezing protection for fruit tree agent for improving pollination used inflorescence are: sucrose: 20%～70%, boric acid: 20%～70%, salt: 5%～40%; gibberellin: 0.5%～4%, the summation of raw material is 100%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2007100172309A CN100446670C (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | Fruit tree antifreeze blossom-protecting agent |
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| CNB2007100172309A CN100446670C (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | Fruit tree antifreeze blossom-protecting agent |
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| CN100446670C true CN100446670C (en) | 2008-12-31 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103880519B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-03-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of walnut late frost frostproofer |
| CN110892838A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-20 | 芜湖市雨田润农业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for delaying flowering period and increasing flower quantity of Yutian green osmanthus |
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| CN1320380A (en) * | 2001-04-14 | 2001-11-07 | 赵浩志 | Flower and fruit keeping compound for jujube tree |
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| US4242120A (en) * | 1978-02-23 | 1980-12-30 | Simferopolsky Gosudarstvenny Universitet Imeni M.V. | Method for stimulating fructification and fruit growth of cultivated plants and gibberellin-based preparation for realizing same |
| CN86106655A (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1987-06-17 | 广西平乐县化工厂 | Regulating agent for flowering |
| CN1084698A (en) * | 1993-09-19 | 1994-04-06 | 李振乾 | Effective remedy for bearing of fruit tree |
| CN1256870A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-21 | 苗平生 | Mixture for reducing fruit drop |
| CN1256869A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-21 | 苗平生 | Agent for improving pollination used inflorescence |
| CN1320380A (en) * | 2001-04-14 | 2001-11-07 | 赵浩志 | Flower and fruit keeping compound for jujube tree |
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