CN100445075C - 材料加工设备 - Google Patents

材料加工设备 Download PDF

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CN100445075C
CN100445075C CNB2004800146258A CN200480014625A CN100445075C CN 100445075 C CN100445075 C CN 100445075C CN B2004800146258 A CNB2004800146258 A CN B2004800146258A CN 200480014625 A CN200480014625 A CN 200480014625A CN 100445075 C CN100445075 C CN 100445075C
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screwe
movable body
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CN1795086A (zh
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R·蒙茨
J·施特雷克尔
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Coperion GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0027—Cutting off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/269—Extrusion in non-steady condition, e.g. start-up or shut-down
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
    • B29C48/87—Cooling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种材料加工设备，它包括第一螺杆型挤出机(1)和设置在第一螺杆型挤出机下游的第二螺杆型挤出机(2)。在两螺杆型挤出机(1，2)之间设有输送区(28)，在该输送区内设有输送孔，所述输送孔沿第一螺杆型挤出机(1)的壳体孔(12，13)的轴线(12a、13a)的径向延伸，并且朝向第二螺杆型挤出机(2)。所述第一螺杆型挤出机(1)的至少一个壳体孔(12，13)沿其轴线(12a，13a)方向可通过封闭件封闭。设有可动体(38，49)作为所述封闭件，所述可动体(38，49)具有至少一个能够运动到与所述至少一个第一壳体孔(12，13)对齐的螺杆轴抽出位置的通孔(42，43)，并且能够运动到封闭位置。

Description

材料加工设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种材料加工设备，包括：第一螺杆型挤出机，它包括设有至少一个具有轴线的第一壳体孔的壳体，和设置在所述至少一个第一壳体孔中的第一螺杆轴；设置在第一螺杆型挤出机下游的第二螺杆型挤出机；以及输送区，该输送区将第一螺杆型挤出机连接到第二螺杆型挤出机，该输送区设有输送孔，所述输送孔相对于轴线沿径向延伸并且朝向第二螺杆型挤出机。
背景技术
尤其是在加工塑料时，通常合理的是提供两个或多个前后顺序布置的挤出机，每个挤出机分别只执行单独的加工步骤。例如，当使用粉末形式的塑料时，可在第一挤出机中进行粉末的进入和融化。然后在位于下游的第二挤出机中进行均匀化和压力形成。例如，从EP 1 005 411 B1、US 3 261056和DE 2 304 088 A可知这种类型的多个顺序布置的挤出机。在从文献和实践中所知道的所述类型的设备中，在必须移除连接件以抽出第一挤出机的螺杆轴时，很难移出和重新插入通常具有几吨重的连接件。在实践中，通常通过排料区抽出螺杆轴，原因是另一端设有马达、联接器和传动装置，在该端抽出螺杆轴会产生严重的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是对所述类型的设备进行改进，使得可以特别容易和节省时间地抽出第一螺杆类型挤出机的螺杆轴或轴。
根据本发明，所述目的通过这样的特征来实现：所述至少一个第一壳体孔沿轴线方向能够通过封闭件封闭；设有可动体作为所述封闭件，所述可动体具有至少一个能够运动到与所述至少一个第一壳体孔对齐的螺杆轴抽出位置的通孔，并且能够运动到封闭位置。其中，密封件是具有至少一个通孔的可动体，可使所述至少一个通孔可与相应的壳体孔叠合；该可动体可以是转动体、可以是滑动体、可以是转动滑动体，由此可实现多个附加的功能。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对多个实施例的说明中，可以发现本发明的其它特征、优点和细节。其中：
图1是根据本发明的设备的处于螺杆轴抽出位置的第一实施例的垂直剖视图；
图2是根据第一实施例的设备部分剖开的俯视图；
图3是图1的细部III的视图；
图4是沿图1中线IV-IV的设备的局部剖视图；
图5是处于与图2不同的另一运行位置的设备的部分剖开的俯视图；
图6是图5沿线VI-VI处于未节流的输送位置的剖视图；
图7是图5沿线VI-VI处于节流位置的局部剖视图；
图8是根据本发明的设备的第二实施例处于封闭位置的垂直剖视图；
图9是处于螺杆轴抽出位置的第二实施例的垂直局部剖视图；
图10是沿图9中线X-X的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1-8中所示的第一实施例包括第一挤出机1和第二挤出机2。第一挤出机1布置在第二挤出机2的上方。第一挤出机1经由第一联轴器4和第一传动装置5由第一马达3致动。第二挤出机2经由第二联轴器7和第二传动装置8由第二马达6致动。马达3和6由控制装置9控制。
第一挤出机1包括设有加热系统10的壳体11，该壳体中形成两个具有相互平行的轴线12a、13a的第一壳体孔12、13，所述壳体孔12、13相互平行地设置并近似“8”字形地相互接合。两根与第一传动装置5联接的第一螺杆轴14、15设在壳体孔12、13内。沿相同或相反方向驱动螺杆轴14、15。第一挤出机1包括沿进料方向16设置在第一传动装置5下游的进料斗17，进料斗下游设有一个或多个加工区18。
在第一挤出机1的端部设有排料区19，沿轴线12a、13a方向从该排料区19进行排料。除了两个壳体孔和相应的两个螺杆轴，也可以仅使用一个孔或使用三个或更多孔和相应数量的螺杆轴。
第二挤出机2也包括壳体20，壳体中设有两个具有彼此平行的轴线21a、22a并互相接合即也限定“8”字形横截面形状的第二壳体孔21、22。在第二壳体孔21、22内设有两个螺杆轴23、24；螺杆轴23、24与第二传动装置8联接并可沿相同或相反方向驱动转动。在第二传动装置8下游，第二挤出机2包括进料器连接件25，沿进料方向16在进料器连接件25的下游设有一个或多个加工区26。在第二挤出机2的端部也设有排料区27。
在根据图1-7的第一实施例中，在输送区28中设有中间壳体29，该中间壳体29具有与第一壳体孔12、13相连的内部区域30。中间壳体29通过滑动连接件31与第一挤出机的壳体11相连，该滑动连接件31用于补偿热膨胀。内部区域30由两个以“8”字形互相接合并且轴线平行于轴线12a、13a的孔形成。这些孔的直径D2等于或略大于第一壳体孔12、13的直径D1。这些孔是通孔；即中间壳体29在远离壳体11的端部打开。
沿轴线12a、13a的径向，即沿包括轴线12a、13a的水平面的横向，中间壳体29包括通入第二挤出机2的进料器连接件25的输送孔32。形成在进料器连接件25中的溢出通道33的直径为D3。这里满足D1≤D2≤D3。由此可以防止在从第一挤出机1到第二挤出机2流动的材料-尤其是熔融塑料-的流动通道中形成塑料沉积的死角。
中间壳体29以贴合面34贴合在进料器连接件25相朝向的贴合面35上。中间壳体29不是与进料器连接件25螺纹连接。根据图3，在贴合面35中设有凹槽36，所述凹槽36中设有密封地贴合在贴合面34上的密封件37。
在中间壳体29中设有转动滑动体38；该转动滑动体38可绕其纵向中轴线39转动并可沿其纵向中轴线在两个端部位置之间移动。该纵向中轴线平行于包括轴线12a和13a的平面并垂直于轴线12a和13a中的每一根，还平行于第二挤出机2的第二壳体孔的轴线21a和22a。转动滑动体38具有柱状外形并在中间壳体29两个相匹配的引导孔40、41中可移动地引导。
转动滑动体38包括两个以“8”字形互相接合的通孔42和43，两通孔的轴线42a、43a与轴线12a、13a对齐(成一直线)。通孔42和43都具有直径D2。图1和2示出这些通孔42、43处于其位于第一壳体孔12、13上游的功能位置，即处于螺杆轴抽出的位置，转动滑动体38在该位置同时关闭径向通向外的输送孔32。
当转动滑动体38处于该位置时，第一螺杆轴14、15可从第一壳体孔12、13中抽出，即可穿过中间壳体29的转动滑动体38。另外，当转动滑动体38处于该端部位置时，设备启动后塑料可向外输出。
沿转动滑动体38的纵向中轴线39方向，在所述通孔对42、43的旁边设置有一对同样以“8”字形互相接合的盲孔44、45，当盲孔44、45处于(与第一壳体孔12、13)重合的位置时，盲孔5的轴线44a、45a与轴线12a、13a对齐。盲孔44、45的直径也是D2。沿盲孔44、45的轴线44a、45a的横向，在转动滑动体38中形成有连接孔46，该连接孔46的直径为D3。盲孔44、45和连接孔46构成输送通道。当转动滑动体38从所示的螺杆轴抽出位置移动到另其一端部位置后，第一挤出机1的第一壳体孔12、13通过中间壳体29和盲孔44、45与进料器连接件25连通，从而与第二挤出机2连通。在转动滑动体38的该输送位置，转动滑动体处于设备的运行位置。通过在该第二端部位置即在输送位置使转动滑动体38绕轴线39摆动，所以可对塑料的流动进行节流，原因是：如图6和7所示，在中间壳体29中连接孔46和输送孔32之间的自由横截面是可改变的。在摆动90°后，在转动滑动体38的两个端部位置，输送孔32都被完全关闭。
转动滑动体38的滑动和摆动运动通过转动滑动驱动装置47实现，该转动滑动驱动装置通过保持装置48安装在第一挤出机1的壳体11上。该驱动装置可以是市场上常见的可通过压力介质加载作用的活塞-缸驱动装置。
当然，滑动体38可以不具有用于节流的转动功能。在这种情况下，驱动装置47可以只是使滑动体38在两端部位置-即螺杆轴抽出位置和输送位置-之间移动的单纯的滑动驱动装置。
在根据图8-10的实施例中没有专门的中间壳体；而是在输送区28中输送孔32’直接从壳体11通入进料器连接件25。在壳体11中形成引导孔40’、41’，转动体49在所述引导孔中可转动地被引导。转动体49包括两个通孔42和43，上述(对转动滑动体48的通孔42和43的)描述对这两个通孔也是适用的。转动体49通过一未示出的驱动装置绕其纵向中轴线39’作摆动运动，该驱动装置与第一实施例中的驱动装置相对应，但该驱动装置仅允许转动运动。除此之外，对第一实施例的上述描述也适用。

Claims (7)

1.一种材料加工设备，包括：
第一螺杆型挤出机(1)，它包括设有至少一个具有轴线(12a，13a)的第一壳体孔(12，13)的壳体(11)，和设置在所述至少一个第一壳体孔(12，13)中的第一螺杆轴(14，15)；
设置在第一螺杆型挤出机(1)下游的第二螺杆型挤出机(2)；以及
输送区(28)，该输送区将第一螺杆型挤出机(1)连接到第二螺杆型挤出机(2)，该输送区设有输送孔(32，32’)，所述输送孔相对于轴线(12a，13a)沿径向延伸并且朝向第二螺杆型挤出机(2)；
其中，所述至少一个第一壳体孔(12，13)沿轴线(12a，13a)方向能够通过封闭件封闭；
设有可动体(38，49)作为所述封闭件，所述可动体(38，49)具有至少一个能够运动到与所述至少一个第一壳体孔(12，13)对齐的螺杆轴抽出位置的通孔(42，43)，并且能够运动到封闭位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述可动体是转动体(49)，所述可动体通过绕其纵向中轴线(39’)的转动一方面能够移动到螺杆轴抽出位置和另一方面能够移动到密封位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述可动体是滑动体(38)；所述滑动体(38)包括位于所述至少一个通孔(42，43)旁边的输送通道(44，45，46)，在封闭位置，所述输送通道在输送位置使所述至少一个第一壳体孔(12，13)与输送孔(32)彼此连通。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述滑动体是转动滑动体(38)；在所述输送通道(44，45，46)的输送位置能够运动成与输送孔(32)局部重合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述可动体设置在第一螺杆型挤出机(1)的壳体(11)中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述可动体设置在附装到第一螺杆型挤出机(1)的壳体(11)上的中间壳体(29)中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，能够通过驱动装置(47)使所述可动体运动。
CNB2004800146258A 2003-05-28 2004-04-08 材料加工设备 Expired - Fee Related CN100445075C (zh)

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US20060240133A1 (en) 2006-10-26
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