CN100431409C - Dual-hybrid method for improving lamb quality and yield - Google Patents

Abstract

A dual-hybridizing method for increasing the quality and output of mutton includes such steps as hybridization between at least two excellent varieties of foreign meat sheep to generate the first generation hybrid meat sheep, hybridizing with native meat sheep to obtain a generation of mictic hybrid meat sheep, and secondary hybridizing combination.

Description

A kind of double cross method that improves quality of mutton and output

Technical field

The inventive method relates to poultry kind of improvement, particularly relates to a kind ofly will introducing mutton sheep and Mongolian sheep is carried out the improvement method that double cross is improved quality of mutton and output.

Background technology

China is mutton big producing country, especially nearly 10 years, develop into maximum in the world mutton producing country gradually, and rough estimates, mutton output had reached 3,990,000 tons in 2004, occupied first place in the world.Yet because the quality of mutton is not high, limited amount adds factor affecting such as processing and packing is bad, and the competitiveness on international mutton market is not strong.Its reason: the one, because populous, the livestock on hand rate of whole sheep alive is low, can't satisfy the balance between supply and demand in full season; The 2nd, lack special meat breed and supporting system, such as feeding and management, product processing and the marketing etc., it is to come from the residual and superseded kind of the old and the weak that mutton is supplied with considerable part, and some lamb quality do not reach international standard yet, have influence on the competition in market, and restricted the production development of mutton sheep.Change this state, must fundamentally solve the problem that improves table quality and output.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is exactly in view of this consideration, at first improve from the sheep kind, utilize the biological gene genetic technique, introducing external improved seeds and domestic improved seeds Mongolian sheep hybridizes, its purpose is to improve constantly the quality of mutton and the output of increase mutton, and then adapts to the needs of international and domestic market.

The specific practice of the inventive method is:

(1) the sheep kind is selected: the good mutton sheep of import is merino sheep, acerous road Saite sheep and the Suffolk of Germany, joins the Mongolian mutton sheep of homemade Inner Mongol crow pearl Mu Qin flag;

(2) first cross combination: divide two groups, one group is pairing hybridization between the import mutton sheep, produces the full import inter breed crossing of generation sheep, and another group is that import mutton sheep and homemade mutton sheep match mutually, produces the mixed-blood inter breed crossing sheep of a generation;

(3) hybridization type of rearing: adopt the superovulation embryo collection, carry out artificial insemination and embryo transplantation;

(4) feeding and management: with the first cross sheep only, by kind and sex subfield, summer and autumn, whole day was herded, and the winter-spring season drylot feeding was fed 100～120 days, cultivated at any time and observed.

(5) two generations hybrid combination: grow up kind and mixed-blood adult kind of the full import of a generation after two yuan of hybridization matched hybridization again, still adopt the superovulation embryo collection to carry out artificial insemination and embryo transplantation;

(6) feeding and management: identical with the front management method.

Mutton sheep kind after the binary double cross of according to said method carrying out is cultivated, a generation are than the quality better of a generation, and the output height suits to apply.

Description of drawings

What accompanying drawing was given is the concrete cultivation flow chart of the inventive method, is that schematic flow sheet is cultivated in a kind of four kind double crosss combination.

Embodiment

Now contrast accompanying drawing, do the specific embodiment explanation with regard to said method.

(1) the sheep kind is selected: three kinds of good import mutton sheeps---the merino mutton sheep of Germany, code name G, acerous Dao Saite mutton sheep, code name D and Suffolk mutton sheep, code name S, national improved seeds Inner Mongol crow pearl Mu Qin flag sheep, code name M;

(2) first cross combination and hybridization mode: adopt two yuan of full import hybrid combination modes, the compound mode of its male parent * female parent is: G * D, G * S, D * S, D * G, S * G, S * D, with two yuan of mixed-blood hybrid combination modes, as the acceptor sheep, compound mode is with homemade Mongolian mutton sheep: S * M, D * M G * M, utilization superovulation embryo collection technology, carry out artificial insemination and embryo transplantation, carry out drylot feeding after the breeding and herd the nursing that combines, and the feeding and management of the science of reinforcement, cultivated the offspring of two yuan of hybridization, code name F1;

(3) situation of growing of mensuration filial generation F1, sum up coordinate force, antiviral physique and weather adaptive capacity etc., enlarge the four kind double crosss of population after growing up again, be divided into 12 combinations, its male parent and maternal situation are: DG * SM, GS * DM, DM * GS, DS * MG, GS * MD, GM * DS, GM * SD, SG * DM, SM * DG, MD * SG, MG * DS and DG * MS, same utilization superovulation embryo collection technology, carry out artificial insemination and embryo transplantation, the acceptor sheep is Mongolian mutton sheep, and to make it maternal environment the same, carrying out drylot feeding after the gestation combines with herding, the feeding and management of reinforcement science, two yuan of filial generations of the second generation have then been cultivated, code name F2.

The four kind double crosss cultivated the according to the method described above combination offspring mutton sheep of improving the breed, its quality and yield is greatly improved, show the characteristic fast, that reproduction rate is high, resistance against diseases is strong and environment-adapting ability is also strong of growing, 4 monthly ages just can reach butchers listing requirement, is genuine lamb kind.

Now the lamb kind of just cultivating according to above-mentioned cross method is done with original control group mutton sheep of not doing hybridization and is butchered comparison, and its increment situation is as follows:

Comparison requires: select 8 of each variety trial sheep at random for every group, and 8 of control group sheep, fasting is 24 hours before killing, and prohibits water 12 hours, measures live-weight, carcass weight, meat weight, dressing percentage and pure meat percentage before killing.

The mensuration project: lamb birth weight, 4 monthly ages, 6 monthly ages, 8 monthly ages, one full year of life weigh and daily gain, and determination data is carried out the t check analysis, and observe health status, adaptive capacity to environment and the resistance against diseases of lamb.

Result and analysis: through test, 12 double cross combination kind mutton sheeps: its average birth weight, heavy and average one full year of life at heavy, average 8 monthly ages at heavy, average 6 monthly ages at average 4 monthly ages weigh, be respectively 4.87kg, 45.5kg, 55.4kg, 52.8kg and 52.9kg, improved 0.77kg, 17.3kg, 17.2kg, 14.8kg and 14.7kg more respectively with Mongolian sheep.Significant difference (P＜0.01);

Wherein, the birth weight of double cross combination is relatively: DM * GS, DS * MG, GS * MD, GM * DS, GM * SD, SG * DM, SM * DG, MD * SG, MG * DS and DG * MS be totally 10 combinations and Mongolian sheep comparison, and the raising amount is respectively 0.50kg, 0.65kg, 0.40kg, 0.83kg, 1.60kg, 0.55kg, 1.18kg, 0.97kg and 1.40g.Significant difference (P＜0.05) only has two combo differences of DG * SM and GS * DM not remarkable;

4 monthly age anharmonic ratioes of double cross combination are: DG * SM, GS * DM and DM * GS, DS * MG, GS * MD, GM * DS, GM * SD, SG * DM, SM * DG, MD * SG, MG * DS and DG * MS be totally 12 double cross combinations and Mongolian sheep comparison, the raising amount is respectively 12.3Kg, 20.4kg, 19.3kg, 20.3kg, 14.3kg, 19.5kg, 16.0kg, 14.1kg, 17.2kg, 18.5kg, 15.0kg, 20.3kg, difference highly significant (P＜0.01);

With regard to 6 monthly age anharmonic ratioes of combinations thereof: improved 12.3kg, 21.8kg, 18.6kg, 20.8kg, 18.8kg, 17.2kg, 14.0kg, 15.6kg, 19.2kg, 20.8kg, 17.8kg and 20.8kg respectively, difference highly significant (P＜0.01);

The same, the weightening finish of 8 monthly ages is compared: improved 18.6kg, 19.9kg, 17.5kg, 13.5kg, 15.0kg, 14.4kg, 10.7kg, 14.2kg, 15.2kg, 16.0kg 15.0kg and 18.0kg respectively, difference is very remarkable, (P＜0.01);

The same, one full year of life anharmonic ratio: improved 9.8kg, 19.9kg, 18.8kg, 12.1kg, 11.8kg, 14.4kg, 10.1kg, 13.8kg, 15.1kg, 17.3kg, 13.3kg and 20.3kg respectively, difference very remarkable (P＜0.01);

The same, make up sheep relatively with two-way cross: average birth weight, heavy and average one full year of life at average 4 monthly ages weigh, and have improved 0.73kg, 16.7kg and 7.9kg respectively, difference very remarkable (P＜0.01).

In addition, the daily gain of 12 double cross combination kinds and each meat breed sheep is relatively:

Double cross kind lamb, its 4 monthly age average daily gain is 338g/d, 6 monthly ages average daily gain 281g/d;

And Mongolian improved seeds lamb, the average daily gain of 4 monthly ages is 200g/d, 6 monthly age daily gains are 184g/d;

Acerous Dao Saite mutton sheep, 4 monthly age daily gain 253g/d, 6 monthly age daily gains are 216g/d;

The merino mutton sheep, 4 monthly ages were 255g/d, 6 monthly ages were 225g/d;

The Suffolk mutton sheep, 4 monthly ages were 262g/d.6 monthly ages were 221g/d.

As fully visible: the double cross effect is obvious to the raising effect of growing, and its meat performance surpasses the good Mutton Sheep of former kind.And through slaughter experiment relatively, its live-weight, carcass weight, meat weight and pure meat percentage four indices and Mongolian sheep compare, and difference is very remarkable, and just dressing percentage difference is not remarkable.

To introduce the population expanding propagation that good mutton sheep and Mongolian mutton sheep carry out double cross, this will be a kind of good method that fundamentally improves quality of mutton and output, should consider as the first-selection of suitability for industrialized production.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of double cross method that improves quality of mutton and output by at least two kinds of the good mutton sheep of import, is joined homemade good mutton sheep, and its specific practice is:

The first cross combination: divide two groups, one group is the full import mutton sheep of introducing, and comprises the merino mutton sheep of Germany, code name is G, acerous Dao Saite mutton sheep, and code name is D, with the Suffolk mutton sheep, code name is S, and pairing hybridization each other produces the full import inter breed crossing of generation sheep, another group is by above-mentioned import mutton sheep and homemade mutton sheep Inner Mongol crow pearl Mu Qin flag Mongolian sheep, code name is M, and pairing mutually produces the mixed-blood inter breed crossing sheep of a generation;

Hybridization type of rearing: adopt the superovulation embryo collection, carry out artificial insemination and embryo transplantation;

Feeding and management: the sheep that first cross is produced only, by kind and sex subfield, summer and autumn, whole day was herded, the winter-spring season drylot feeding was fed 100～120 days, cultivated at any time and observed;

Two generations hybrid combination: grow up kind sheep and mixed-blood adult kind sheep of the full import of a generation after two yuan of hybridization matched hybridization again, still adopt the superovulation embryo collection to carry out artificial insemination and embryo transplantation;

Feeding and management: identical with the front management method.

2, by the described a kind of double cross method that improves quality of mutton and output of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the full import sheep kind compound mode in the first cross combination, the sheep kind of its male parent * female parent is G * D, G * S, D * S, D * G, S * G, S * D, and the mode of above-mentioned import sheep kind and homemade Mongolian sheep kind combinations of pairs is, male parent * female parent: S * M, D * M G * M.

3, by the described a kind of double cross method that improves quality of mutton and output of claim 2, it is characterized in that: enlarge the four kind double crosss of population after the first cross sheep grows up again, be divided into 12 combinations, its male parent and maternal situation are: DG * SM, GS * DM, DM * GS, DS * MG, GS * MD, GM * DS, GM * SD, SG * DM, SM * DG, MD * SG, MG * DS and DG * MS

Same utilization superovulation embryo collection technology is carried out artificial insemination and embryo transplantation, and the acceptor sheep is Mongolian mutton sheep, and to make it maternal environment the same.

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