CN100430719C - Rock micro-electric scanning imaging system and imaging method - Google Patents

Rock micro-electric scanning imaging system and imaging method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100430719C
CN100430719C CNB2005101169588A CN200510116958A CN100430719C CN 100430719 C CN100430719 C CN 100430719C CN B2005101169588 A CNB2005101169588 A CN B2005101169588A CN 200510116958 A CN200510116958 A CN 200510116958A CN 100430719 C CN100430719 C CN 100430719C
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electrode
signal
electrode pad
rock
sample
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CN1955728A (en
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柯式镇
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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Abstract

An imaging method of rock by micro-electric scanning includes processing sample to be saturated conductive fluid and fixing sample between return polar plate and electrode polar plate, sending out measurement signal by signal generation unit and collecting current data of each electrode by system the displaying said current data after normalization treatment and image reconstruction treatment is carried out on said current data by system. The system used for realizing said method is also disclosed.

Description

Rock micro-electric scanning imaging system and formation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rock micro-electric scanning imaging system and formation method, especially a kind of in oil and gas exploration, utilize and measure rock micro-electric scanning imaging system and the formation method that rock sample comes to provide for Image-forming instrument on the well site the true fracture width basis of inverse.
Background technology
In oil and gas exploration, need the physicochemical property of the geological formations of locality be surveyed accordingly, for from now on exploitation work provides sufficient geologic information foundation.
For the distribution research of rock fracture in well logging, normally adopt full hole stratum micro-resistivity imaging instrument (FMI), on the well site, directly survey.
Full hole stratum micro-resistivity imaging instrument critical component is the positioning arm of four mutually vertical, backup boreholes wall, pole plate of each positioning arm band and a wing plate.24 electrodes are respectively arranged, in order to obtain 192 micro-resistivity curves on each pole plate and the wing plate.Button-electrode diameter 0.41cm, dead ring external diameter 0.61cm, electrode array pitch 0.76cm.During measurement, whole pole plate keeps equipotential, total current is a fixed value, measure the electric current of each button-electrode, calculate the stake resistance of each button-electrode then according to plate potential and each button-electrode electric current, these stake resistances are carried out being converted into gray-scale value after the normalized show with image format.
Existing full hole stratum micro-resistivity imaging instrument exists some shortcomings in well logging, in its work, what in fact measure is near the distribution situation of the interior resistivity anomaly of the investigative range button-electrode, rather than the resistivity of borehole wall rock stratum itself, therefore, this full hole stratum micro-resistivity imaging instrument can not obtain the distribution parameter of formation fractures effectively accurately.
Because full hole stratum micro-resistivity imaging instrument pole plate has radian, measure electric current and have bigger diversity, and the button-electrode number on each pole plate is less, therefore, the measurement that can not in the laboratory, be correlated with of this full hole stratum micro-resistivity imaging instrument to known rock small sample model.
For addressing these problems, the present invention can be in the laboratory, the measurement that the small sample model of known rock is correlated with, set up the image fracture width of rock small sample model and the corresponding relation between the actual sample fracture width, for the true fracture width of Image-forming instrument measurement image inverse on the well site provides basis, Image-forming instrument accurately effectively obtains the distribution parameter of formation fractures on the assurance well site.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is at above-mentioned existing in prior technology deficiency, a kind of rock micro-electric scanning imaging system is provided, this system can the fracture distribution situation to rock sample carry out scanning imagery in the laboratory, for the true fracture width of Image-forming instrument measurement image inverse on the well site provides basis.
Second purpose of the present invention is at above-mentioned existing in prior technology deficiency, a kind of rock micro-electric scanning formation method is provided, this method is obtained the image of the fracture distribution situation of rock sample by in the laboratory processing of rock sample being handled and current signals, processing to detecting this rock sample.
For realizing above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention has adopted a kind of rock micro-electric scanning imaging system, and it comprises computing machine, signal generation apparatus and interface circuit; Described signal generation apparatus is connected with this computing machine by general parallel interface bus; Described interface circuit is connected with the signal input part of described computing machine, also comprises:
One electrode pad is distributed with the electrode of a plurality of mutually insulateds on this electrode pad, described electrode pad and described electrode are connected with described signal generation apparatus, and described electrode is connected with described interface circuit input end by current sampling resistor; Particularly, described electrode adopts planar array evenly to be arranged on the described electrode pad, and this electrode pad is a sheet metal;
One backflow pole plate, this backflow pole plate is connected with described signal generation apparatus.
Described electrode adopt adjacent two row between the mutual dislocation mode evenly arrange, electrode is a button-electrode, its side has wrapped dead ring.
Rock micro-electric scanning imaging system of the present invention, adopt a plurality of button-electrodes evenly to be arranged on the electrode pad with planar array, and mutually insulated between button-electrode and the surround electrode, button-electrode is fully contacted with sample, it is concentrated relatively to measure electric current, can guarantee to carry out accurate scanning imagery testing indoor fracture distribution situation to the rock small sample, by to known small sample model measurement, set up the corresponding relation between image fracture width and actual sample fracture width, thereby provide computing formula for the true fracture width of Image-forming instrument measurement image inverse on the well site.
For realizing above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention has adopted a kind of rock micro-electric scanning formation method, and it carries out following steps:
Step 1, rock to be measured is processed into tabular body, and is immersed in the state that reaches capacity in the electrolyte solution, make sample;
Step 2, described sample is arranged between described electrode pad and the backflow pole plate;
Step 3, described computing machine assign the transmission signal command for described signal generation apparatus, and this signal generation apparatus emission measurement signal is given described electrode pad and electrode, described electrode is sent to sample with the current potential that equates measure electric current;
Step 4, current sampling resistor are gathered the signal of measuring electric current on the described electrode, and send this signal to described interface circuit;
Step 5, described computing machine carry out real-time normalized and reconstructed image processing to the signal that collects.
Formation method of the present invention makes full use of the button-electrode of arranging on the electrode pad and has the voltage that equates with its button-electrode and pole plate on every side, can form the current focusing effect, make its electric current near vertical of confessing in surface of contact and penetrate rock sample and arrive the backflow pole plate on sample opposite, the resistivity of the current values of the being gathered sample that can accurately reflect like this can obtain the image of sample fracture distribution situation after respective handling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the formation block diagram of a specific embodiment of rock micro-electric scanning imaging system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of middle electrode pad embodiment illustrated in fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a specific embodiment process flow diagram of rock micro-electric scanning formation method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is artificial rock's sample synoptic diagram in band crack;
Fig. 5 is the detailed process synoptic diagram of step 3 in the formation method shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 6 is for to carry out scanning imagery figure as a result to rock sample shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment
Rock micro-electric scanning imaging system of the present invention is by computing machine, signal generation apparatus, electrode pad and top electrode thereof and backflow pole plate, several parts such as interface circuit connect to form in turn, Fig. 1 is the formation block diagram of a specific embodiment of rock micro-electric scanning imaging system of the present invention, adopt general parallel interface bus gpib bus to link to each other between this system computer 1 and the signal source 2, the backflow pole plate is connected with employing common wiring between signal source 2 output terminals with electrode pad 3, adopt common wiring to be connected between electrode on the electrode pad and interface circuit 4 input ends, the employing common wiring is connected between interface circuit 4 output terminals and computing machine 1 signal input part.
Electrode is arranged on the electrode pad, the shape of electrode, size, distance each other, arrangement mode are very crucial, directly influence imaging effect, electrode of the present invention is a button-electrode, its side has wrapped dead ring, button-electrode adopts the planar array mode evenly to be arranged on the electrode pad, and mutual dislocation between adjacent two rows.This arrangement mode can make electrode fully contact with sample, and it is concentrated relatively to measure electric current, guarantees the accuracy of measuring.
Fig. 2 is the concrete structure synoptic diagram of middle electrode pad embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, electrode pad B is the rectangle sheet metal of 6cm * 7cm, and the diameter of button-electrode D is 0.4cm, and the dead ring J width that its peripheral hard-pressed bale is 0.1cm, electrod-array adopts planar array, form by 64 button-electrodes, become 8 rows to distribute 8 of every rows, spacing between row and row is 0.76cm, spacing among the row between the electrode is 0.59cm, and horizontal displacement is 0.25cm between adjacent two rows, and dislocation direction alternately occurs.Electrod-array is positioned at electrode pad B central authorities, and it is long to be 5.92cm, and wide is 4.98cm, with the last bottom margin of electrode pad B be 0.54cm, left and right margins are 0.51cm.
For allowing sample contact better with electrode on the electrode pad, electrode pad and backflow pole plate are provided with a clamper, and clamper can clamp electrode pad and backflow pole plate in opposite directions.Be placed between electrode pad and the backflow pole plate at sample during measurement, can utilize clamper that sample is fixed between electrode pad and the backflow pole plate like this, the relative position of sample and electrode pad can not changed, guarantee the accuracy of measuring.
Fig. 3 is a specific embodiment process flow diagram of rock micro-electric scanning formation method of the present invention, and concrete steps are:
Step 1, processing rock sample are grown into 8cm with rock sample processing, and wide is 8cm, and height is the thin plate of 2.5～3.5cm, the also available natural rock of sample, artificial rock or conductive rubber.In this example, personnel selection lithogenesis stone sample; As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is artificial rock's sample synoptic diagram in band crack, a man-made fracture is arranged on it, height of specimen H is 8cm, width W is 8cm, thickness T is 3cm, dash area is the resistivity anomaly body among the figure, its resistivity Rt=0.01 Ω m, dash area opening width APERTURE=0.2cm, depth D EPTH=1.5cm, non-shaded portion resistivity Rb=30.3 Ω m is immersed in the state that reaches capacity in the electrolyte solution with the rock sample that processes, and electrolyte solution can be saturated brine solution, rock sample is made saturated conductive fluid, as sample;
Step 2, fixing sample, sample is arranged between electrode pad and the backflow pole plate, this process in two steps, at first, sample is arranged between electrode pad and the backflow pole plate, then, utilize clamper that the surface of electrode pad and backflow pole plate and sample is fitted tightly, clamper can guarantee that pole plate contacts good and keeps its relative position constant with sample during measurement;
Step 3, computing machine are assigned the transmission signal command to signal generation apparatus, and signal generation apparatus emission measurement signal makes electrode send to sample with the current potential that equates and measures electric current to electrode pad and electrode; Electrod-array is adopted in the emission of signal, and the current potential that each electrode keeps equating transmits and arrive each electrode and pole plate simultaneously to sample emission measurement signal, and system can pass through detecting electrode voltage, controls the size of the electric current that transmits; For a certain electrode, it has the voltage that equates with surround electrode and pole plate, thereby has formed the current focusing effect, makes its electric current near vertical of confessing in surface of contact and penetrate rock sample and arrive the backflow pole plate on sample opposite; Because the voltage constant of electrode pad and each electrode, thereby, the size of current that each electrode flowed out depends on the size of the dielectric resistance on institute's flowing through channel, like this because of there being the crack to exist in the sample, and it is moisture in it, so little around the resistance ratio and electric current that cause the electrode corresponding with it to flow out is big reflects that with regard to the available current size distribution there is situation in rock fracture like this; In the electrode emission measurement signal process, computing machine also needs electrode voltage is detected;
Fig. 5 is the detailed process synoptic diagram of step 3 in the formation method shown in Figure 3, and step 3 includes:
Step 3.1, computing machine are assigned the order that transmits to signal generation apparatus;
Step 3.2, COMPUTER DETECTION electrode voltage if overflow, then continue execution in step 4; If do not overflow, then adjust measuring-signal, execution in step 3.1 then;
Step 4, current sampling resistor are gathered the signal of measuring electric current on each electrode, and send this signal to interface circuit, each electrode transmits the signal of size of current out by the current sampling resistor of its input end serial connection, send the interface circuit input end to, received by computer sampling after the interface circuit amplification filtering, computing machine can be selected sampling to the signal of measuring electric current on the described electrode;
Step 5, computing machine carry out real-time normalized, reconstructed image processing to the current value that collects, and the measurement that circulates as required, show on screen with gray scale or color version at last, so just obtained the surface resistivity image of sample;
As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 is for to carry out scanning imagery figure as a result to rock sample shown in Figure 4, image can be gray-scale map, also can be cromogram, gray level image is represented the size of sample resistivity with the gray scale depth, and coloured image is then represented the size of test sample product resistivity with different colours, at Fig. 6 middle part, the visibly different separatrix of grey degree is arranged, illustrate that rock sample shown in Figure 4 has a crack, prove that formation method of the present invention can detect the crack that width is 2mm.
If constantly change fracture width and resistivity, and with the crack display width contrast opening relationships of one-tenth image, then can provide inverse model for the data quantitative evaluation crack of the borehole wall electric imaging logging in the oil and gas exploration.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of rock micro-electric scanning imaging system, it comprises computing machine, signal generation apparatus and interface circuit; Described signal generation apparatus is connected with this computing machine by general parallel interface bus; Described interface circuit is connected with the signal input part of described computing machine, it is characterized in that also comprising:
One electrode pad is distributed with the electrode of a plurality of mutually insulateds on this electrode pad, described electrode pad and described electrode are connected with described signal generation apparatus, and described electrode is connected with described interface circuit input end by current sampling resistor; Particularly, described electrode adopts planar array evenly to be arranged on the described electrode pad, and described electrode pad is a sheet metal;
One backflow pole plate, this backflow pole plate is connected with described signal generation apparatus.
2, rock micro-electric scanning imaging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described electrode adopt adjacent two row between the mutual dislocation mode evenly arrange.
3, rock micro-electric scanning imaging system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described electrode is a button-electrode, and its side has wrapped dead ring.
4, rock micro-electric scanning imaging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also be provided with one on described electrode pad and the backflow pole plate and be used for clamper that described electrode pad and backflow pole plate are clamped in opposite directions.
5, a kind ofly require the arbitrary described rock micro-electric scanning imaging system of 1-4 that rock is carried out the micro-electric scanning imaging method, it is characterized in that carrying out following steps based on aforesaid right:
Step 1, rock to be measured is processed into tabular body, and is immersed in the state that reaches capacity in the electrolyte solution, make sample;
Step 2, described sample is arranged between described electrode pad and the backflow pole plate;
Step 3, described computing machine assign the transmission signal command for described signal generation apparatus, and this signal generation apparatus emission measurement signal is given described electrode pad and electrode, described electrode is sent to sample with the current potential that equates measure electric current;
Step 4, current sampling resistor are gathered the signal of measuring electric current on the described electrode, and send this signal to described interface circuit;
Step 5, described computing machine carry out real-time normalized and reconstructed image processing to the signal that collects.
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: it is 2.5～3.5 centimetres tabular body that rock to be measured described in the described step 1 is processed to thickness.
7, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that described step 2 is specially:
At first, described sample is arranged between described electrode pad and the backflow pole plate;
Then, utilize described clamper that the surface of described electrode pad and backflow pole plate and described sample is fitted tightly.
8, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the concrete following steps of carrying out of described step 3:
Step 3.1, computing machine are assigned the order that transmits to signal generation apparatus;
Step 3.2, COMPUTER DETECTION electrode voltage if overflow, then continue execution in step 4; If do not overflow, then adjust described measuring-signal, execution in step 3.1 then.
9, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: gathering the process of measuring the signal of electric current on the described electrode described in the step 4 is to utilize computing machine that the signal of measuring electric current on the electrode is selected sampling.
CNB2005101169588A 2005-10-28 2005-10-28 Rock micro-electric scanning imaging system and imaging method Expired - Fee Related CN100430719C (en)

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CN102768370B (en) * 2012-08-11 2015-10-28 吉林大学 Based on hydraulically created fracture monitoring device and the monitoring method of dynamic electric coupling
CN104931821A (en) * 2015-06-05 2015-09-23 电子科技大学 Sensor probe for measuring electrical parameters of underground rock
CN111896581B (en) * 2020-08-06 2022-03-25 西南石油大学 Crack distribution detection method based on rock resistance change

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