CN100416089C

CN100416089C - Starter

Info

Publication number: CN100416089C
Application number: CNB028029550A
Authority: CN
Inventors: H·-D·西姆斯; I·里希特; S·哈特曼; H·布劳恩; J·库格勒
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2001-07-19
Filing date: 2002-07-11
Publication date: 2008-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-11
Also published as: JP2004521274A; US20040011151A1; ZA200302200B; DE10135141A1; AU2002320966B2; MXPA03002416A; WO2003008798A1; HUP0302988A2; HU225828B1; RU2296878C2; DE50204622D1; JP4085056B2; DE10293169D2; BR0205765A; EP1412636A1; US6935202B2; CN1653263A; EP1412636B1; PL202074B1; ATE307284T1

Abstract

The invention discloses a starter of helical gear, which is characterized in that no relay is required for engagement of a gear rim (47) of internal combustion engine. In order to mesh a pinion in the gear rim (47), the polar tube (9) arranged on a stator (5) of the start motors (5, 7) is fed forward into a driven shaft (33); the polar tube is swung around the axis of the motor after the start motors (5, 7) are power on; four mechanisms (55, 63, 77, 79) are arranged in the starter for directly converting the swing movement of the polar tube (9) into the axial movement of the driven shaft (33).

Description

Starter

Technical field

The present invention relates to the starter of internal-combustion engine, that this device has is that driving shaft that a starting electrical machinery, one drive by this starting electrical machinery effectively is connected with this driving shaft with one, at its y direction driven shaft movably, an engageable small gear that advances the internal-combustion engine gear ring is housed on this driven shaft, wherein utilize the element that is contained on the starting electrical machinery stator to realize sending to forward of driven shaft, so that pinion is advanced gear ring, this element gets when electric at starting electrical machinery and does oscillating motion around motor shaft.

Background technique

So-called spiral gear starter is widely used as the starter of internal-combustion engine.This spiral gear starter has a starting electrical machinery, its driving shaft with one its y direction movably driven shaft constitute and effectively to be connected.This driving shaft is provided with multiple thread at its end away from starting electrical machinery, and driven shaft is housed on this screw thread, the rotatable and transmission cylinder that moves.This transmission cylinder of driven shaft is connected with the axle that small gear is housed by a freewheel.Because the starting electrical machinery energising, driven shaft is sent to forward by above-mentioned transmission cylinder, freewheel and pinion shaft, thereby makes a gear of pinion internal-combustion engine.This mechanical engagement function is generally finished by a mechanical relay, and this relay is also additionally born the switching function of starting electrical machinery usually.The combination of this engagement and switch merit requires to install a starting relay on starter.Because starter is in the deformation band of vehicle, will produce following danger when having an accident, that is, the part that starting relay is under the battery tension can contact with the car body that is in the housing current potential, thereby forms short circuit.What for example DE 19625057C1 was announced is exactly above-mentioned a kind of like this starter.

The starting relay that has a kind of starter not need interior dress to bear the starter engagement capability just can be worked, and it is to propose on the basis than German application 10016706.3 early.This starter is by so-called braking-helical gear drive principle work.In this starter, starting electrical machinery is provided with a utmost point pipe, and this utmost point pipe gets electric back at motor and does oscillating motion around motor shaft.One arrestment mechanism utilizes this oscillating motion of utmost point pipe, and the transmission cylinder of driven shaft is applied braking moment.The effect of this braking moment is to advance transmission cylinder by the multiple thread on the motor driving shaft, thereby the little tooth opinion engagement of starter is advanced in the gear ring of internal-combustion engine.According to form of implementation than German application early, this braking device is not made up of a brake drum that is connected with transmission cylinder (chock block pressurizes to it), be exactly to form by a ratchet, this ratchet can move towards the disk that is connected with the transmission cylinder friction, wherein by the form fit between ratchet and the disk, braking moment acts on this transmission cylinder.Change the position of flashboard and ratchet, just require transmission cylinder is applied radial force, this power is to utilize a mechanism to obtain from the oscillating motion of utmost point pipe.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of starter that is used for internal-combustion engine, it has starting electrical machinery, the driving shaft that drives by starting electrical machinery and with driving shaft effectively be connected at its y direction driven shaft movably, the small gear of engageable internal-combustion engine gear ring is housed on driven shaft, wherein, for pinion in gear ring, the element that is contained on the stator of starting electrical machinery makes driven shaft realize feed motion forward, this element gets electric back wall at starting electrical machinery and does oscillating motion around this electrical axis, it is characterized in that, be provided with the mechanism that the oscillating motion of stator component directly is converted to the axial motion that acts on driven shaft.

The present invention is provided with starting electrical machinery is got the electric back stator component that produces directly is converted to the axial motion that acts on driven shaft around the oscillating motion of electrical axis mechanism.Adopting the present invention not need to install is used for driven shaft is sent to forward to finish the starting relay of engagement process.In addition, the very simple technological means of utilization of the present invention is converted to the oscillating motion of stator component the axial motion that acts on driven shaft.

From hereinafter drawing advantageous embodiment of the present invention and improvement project.

A favourable embodiment that is used for the oscillating motion of stator component is converted to the axial motion of driven shaft can constitute like this, that is: the guide rail and the guiding device that can slide be set thereon, wherein this guide rail or guiding device with can make axially movable driven shaft and be in effective the connection, and guiding device or guide rail are arranged on starter and do not do on the element of axial motion with driven shaft.This stator component is so to constitute effectively to be connected with guide rail or guiding device, that is: guiding device slides along guide rail in the oscillating motion of stator component.Guide rail or guiding device are so to constitute, and driven shaft is finished axial motion by the slip of guiding device on guide rail.For reducing the friction between guide rail and the guiding device, for example, can add ball or rolling element.

Favourable mode is, a disk of radially placing substantially so is bearing on the driven shaft, that is: this disk can be around the rotational of driven shaft, and in that axially to head on spring force along feeding direction supported.This spring force assists the starter pinion to advance the gear ring of internal-combustion engine.

This stator component can mode sealed with shape or the power engagement so be connected with disk, thereby when the stator component oscillating motion, be contained in guiding device on the disk along sliding in the continuous elevated guide of the feeding direction of driven shaft, wherein this disk is done axial motion with driven shaft.

For example can be arranged on guide rail or guiding device on the stator component.

More favourable mode is that starting element is made up of a utmost point pipe that belongs to stator, this utmost point pipe is can be around the supporting of electrical axis swing, here can install a spring element, the effect of this spring element is opposite with the moment of torsion that acts on the utmost point pipe that motor gets the generation of electric back.

What meet purpose is, a spring element is installed between the housing of disk and starter, and this spring element acts on disk, therefore also driven shaft is applied a spring force opposite with feeding direction.This spring element is assisted the process that withdraws from of starter.

The same with common spiral gear starter, in the starter of making by the present invention, driving shaft also drives driven shaft with suitable manner by multiple thread.

Description of drawings

Be described further according to several embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings below.

Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section of starter,

Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional section view of starter, show utmost point pipe and driven shaft different conditions and

Fig. 5 is mounted in the disk on the driven shaft and stretches into the sectional drawing of a utmost point pipe armed lever in its breach.

Embodiment

With the starter shown in the longitudinal section a dimeric housing is arranged in the accompanying drawing, housing parts 1 wraps in the outside of starting electrical machinery, and the drive bearing of starter is installed in the 2nd housing parts 3.Starting electrical machinery press known way by a stator 5 and a supporting therebetween and rotatable rotor 7 form.Stator 5 is equipped with a utmost point pipe 9, and the stator poles 11 of making permanent magnet has been installed in this plate pipe.Utmost point pipe 9 constitutes the magnetic ground connection of stator poles 11, and this starts magnetic pole and rotor 7 concentric installations.Rotor 7 has a motor shaft 13, it and laminated core is antitorque links together.One or several rotor winding has been installed in the unillustrated in the drawings laminated core groove.

The motor shaft 13 that stretches out from starting electrical machinery with a gear drive, mainly be that a planet train of gearings 15 is connected.Wherein motor shaft 13 drives a sun gear 17, and sun gear 17 and

planetary pinion

19 and 21 engagements, this planetary pinion again with an internal gear 23 interlocks.Internal gear 23 is connected with an intermediate bearing 25.

Planetary pinion

19 and 21 is by planet carrier 27 supportings.Intermediate bearing 25 is installed in the housing 3 of starter fixing and antitorquely.Planet carrier 27 is antitorque, for example fuses with driving shaft 29.

The transmission cylinder 31 of driven shaft 33 is enclosed within on the driving shaft 29.Driving shaft 29 and transmission shaft 31 interconnect by multiple thread 35.The multiple thread that driving shaft 29 and transmission cylinder 31 are interconnected is so-called engagement transmission mechanism.In one outer shroud 37 of transmission cylinder 31 freedom of entry wheel mechanisms 39.The outer shroud 37 of freewheel 39 drives ring 41 in by unillustrated clamping body among the figure, and ring links to each other with the pinion shaft 43 of driven shaft 33 in this.Pinion shaft 43 is a small gear 45 at its end that stretches out starter housing 3.When motor shaft 13 rotated, pinion shaft 43 was realized sending to forward by the engagement transmission mechanism that is designed to multiple thread 35 between driving shaft 29 and the driven shaft 33, from but make small gear 45 mesh the gear ring 47 of unillustrated internal-combustion engine the figure.This engagement process and withdraw from process and also will be described in further detail below.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, driving shaft 29 is rotatably supported in the driven shaft 33 by the

bearing

49 and 51 of two coaxial front and back layouts.In addition, driven shaft 33 is bearing in the housing 3 by bearing 53 and can rotates around its longitudinal axis.

The utmost point pipe 9 of starting electrical machinery can support around electrical axis (motor shaft 13) swing several angle (about 10 °-30 °).On utmost point pipe 9, one or several is housed--be preferably three armed levers 55, their portions within it of putting in are equipped with in the housing parts 3 of the gear drive that drives driven shaft 33.Each armed lever 55 of utmost point pipe 9 passes the groove 57 on intermediate bearing 25 peripheries, is fixed in the housing parts 3 and this intermediate bearing is antitorque.Groove 57 on the intermediate bearing 25 respectively is provided with two and is used to limit the

stop

59 and 61 of utmost point pipe 9 around the oscillating motion of electrical axis.The section view of starter shows groove 57 on the intermediate bearing 25 and two stops 59 thereof and 61 and the armed lever 55 of the utmost point pipe 9 that passes in its inside among Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.

Starting electrical machinery one obtains electricity, and the electromagnetic force that produces between rotor and the stator applies a moment of torsion to utmost point pipe 9, and it makes utmost point pipe 9 by a direction of determining, for example clockwise direction is swung around electrical axis.Be provided with a unshowned in the accompanying drawings spring element, it overcomes the above-mentioned moment of torsion of utmost point pipe 9.For example this spring element can be installed on the intermediate bearing 25.This size that acts on the moment of torsion on the utmost point pipe 9 depends on by the electric current [strength in the rotor winding.

On the transmission cylinder 31 of driven shaft 33, the disk 63 that cardinal principle is radially placed is supportings like this, thereby it can be around the rotational of the transmission cylinder 31 of driven shaft 33.Disk 63 has been applied measures, prevented that it from moving axially towards the feeding direction of driving shaft 33.For example utilize the retaining ring 65 that is installed on the transmission cylinder 31 that disk 63 is abutted on the retaining ring 65.Utilize snap ring 67 to prevent that retaining ring 65 from moving axially towards the feeding direction of driven shaft 33.In the side of disk 63 towards freewheel 39, supporting ring 69 is contained on the transmission cylinder 31, and this transmission cylinder is supported in spring 71 roof pressures on the outer shroud 37 of freewheel 39 on disk 63.This spring is referred to as engage spring 71 below by its function name when gear ring 47 is advanced in small gear 45 engagements.Another spring 73 is housed between disk 63 and housing parts 3, and this spring is the same with engage spring 71, disk 63 is exerted pressure, so this pressure also acts on the driven shaft 33 against the feeding direction of driven shaft 33.Second spring 73 is referred to as to withdraw from spring in narrating below, because it assists small gear 45 to withdraw from from gear ring 47.The above-mentioned engaging force or the power that withdraws from also can be by being installed in other locational other spring elements generations of starter, as shown in the figure.For example also can be installed in the driving shaft 29 of the small gear beam barrel 43 that can make axially movable driven shaft 33 and axial restraint between an end of small gear side withdrawing from spring 73.

Introduce engagement process according to Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 below, these accompanying drawings show each stage of nibbling with process.

For the every armed lever 55 of utmost point pipe 9 is provided with a groove 75, its size will make a plurality of armed levers 55 of utmost point pipe 9 radially very close to each other to disk 63 on its outer rim, but armed lever 55 can move axially therein.Therefore possible is, when the utmost point pipe 9 on transmission cylinder 31 was done oscillating motion, disk 63 was also followed rotation, but disk 63 can be done moving axially with respect to utmost point pipe 9.Disk 63 has at least one axial projections portion 77 to 9 sensings of utmost point pipe.In the scope of each jut 77 of disk 63, on the intermediate bearing 25 that fixedly installs, be provided with an axial projection 79 towards disk 63.This projection 79 is provided with a guide rail 81, and the jut 77 of disk 63 can slide along this guide rail, and wherein jut 77 and guide rail 81 should design like this, obtains a feed motion forward when disk 63 on guide rail 81 when its jut 67 slides that is:.

Fig. 2 shows the starter that is in state of rest when starting electrical machinery does not have electricity.Do not have torsional interaction this moment on utmost point pipe 9, and lean against on the left side stop 59 of groove 57 of intermediate bearing 25.In this rest position, driven shaft 33 is pushed back to the starting electrical machinery direction with disk 63 mounted thereto, thereby the jut on the disk 63 abuts on the intermediate bearing 25.If this moment starting electrical machinery get electric, just utmost point pipe 9 obtains moment of torsion, in the shown embodiment of Fig. 2 to 4, the direction of this moment of torsion, the small gear side from starter is clockwise direction.Along with the increase of current of electric, utmost point pipe 9 and armed lever 55 thereof are attached to second stop, 61 swings of the groove 57 of each armed lever 55 in being contained in intermediate bearing 25.

As shown in Figure 3, each armed lever 55 of utmost point pipe 9 is being with disk 63 to swing together when utmost point pipe is done oscillating motion, wherein the jut 77 of disk 63 slides along the guide rail 81 that is fixedly installed on the projection 79 on the intermediate bearing 25, and sends to gear ring 47 directions of internal-combustion engine together with driven shaft 33.With such method driven shaft 33 is pushed segment distances earlier, run into the tooth of internal-combustion engine gear ring 47 until the tooth of the small gear 45 of starter.By the multiple thread 35 between driving shaft 39 and the transmission cylinder 31, driven shaft 33 continues to be driven forwards with the spring force that gear ring 45 overcomes engage spring 71, and rotate, run into the teeth groove of internal-combustion engine gear ring 47 until the tooth of small gear 45, by further sending to forward of driven shaft, small gear 45 engagements are advanced in the gear ring 47.This moment, the process of sending to forward of driven shaft 33 finished.

Fig. 3 shows utmost point pipe 9 and the position of disk 63 when above-mentioned engagement.Further oscillating motion by utmost point pipe 9, until stop 61 by the groove 57 on the last fixed intermediate bearing 25, the spring force that makes disk 63 overcome engage spring 71 is pushed ahead, and moves past the end face that at least one is installed in the flange 83 that axially stretches out on the intermediate bearing 25 until it.When this state, disk 63 is all locked together with driven shaft 33.Fig. 4 shows this state.

After described in front engagement process finished, internal-combustion engine was turned round until internal-combustion engine voluntarily by small gear 45 driven rotary of the driven shaft 33 that is driven by starting electrical machinery.After this load of starting electrical machinery reduces, thereby current of electric also reduces, and the moment of torsion that acts on the utmost point pipe 9 also reduces thereupon.Above-mentioned moment of torsion on acting on utmost point pipe 9 is reduced to certain value when following, thereby surpasses the spring force of unillustrated utmost point pipe Returnning spring in the accompanying drawings, and disk 63 releases are withdrawed from spring 73 disk 63 is pushed back along the starting electrical machinery direction together with driven shaft 33.This moment, disk 63 was by 81 guiding of the guide rail on the fixing projection 79, rotated in the counterclockwise direction with utmost point pipe 9, leaned on the stop 59 of a plurality of grooves 57 in the last intermediate bearing 35 until utmost point pipe 9 and armed lever 55 backswing thereof.In this process, small gear 45 withdraws from again from the gear ring 47 of internal-combustion engine.For example, when ignition key unclamps, when cutting off the electric current of starting electrical machinery, also will start the above-mentioned process that withdraws from.

Stipulate that in a constructional variant scheme structure of disk 63 and intermediate bearing 25 is slightly different.In this scheme, flange 83 stretches into the opening of disk 63, and is the radially stop of disk 63 openings, and stipulates that in another embodiment the opening that is designed to curvulate slotted hole on the one hand in the disk 63 is arranged between two juts 77.Stipulate that on the other hand flange 83 correspondingly is not arranged in the scope of guide rail 81, and is arranged on the axial end of projection 79.

Now, each flange 83 is designed to the pin that stretches out vertically from projection 79.This pin is the metal pin structure, is pressed in the intermediate bearing 25.The advantage of this pin is that wear-resisting property is good, as not adopting this way, also can engage with the intermediate bearing cast.In addition, particularly the steel pin also can adopt the ultrasound bonding method to fix, and perhaps is screwed.

Because this flange is metal, and is more wear-resisting, thus the structure of disk 63 can book some, like this will be because of weight reduces, moment of inertia also reduces and brings some advantages.

Different with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to 4, the oscillating motion of utmost point pipe 9 may change the axial motion of driven shaft 33 in other mode of many kinds into.This conversion is by being realized along the mechanism that the guiding device of its slip is formed by guide rail and one on the principle, its middle guide or guiding device with can be axially movable driven shaft constitute and effectively be connected, guiding device or guide rail are installed in starter and do not follow driven shaft and do on the element of axial motion.Utmost point pipe 9 and guide rail or guiding device must so effective connections in this case, promptly; Guiding device slides along guide rail when 9 oscillating motions of utmost point pipe.Guide rail and guiding device must constitute like this, that is: driven shaft 33 slides along guide rail by guiding device and realizes axial motion.Example shown in Figure 5 shows utmost point pipe 9 and is installed in the section of the disk 63 on the driven shaft 33, and in this legend, guide rail is made of the armed lever 55 of utmost point pipe 9.And utmost point pipe armed lever 55 stretches into zone in the opening 75 of disk 63 and has the

side

85 and 87 that tilts to disk 63

directions.Side

85,87 is configured for limiting the flange 89 of groove 75 sizes and 91 guide rail.When utmost point pipe 9 swing, not being flange 89 slides along the side 85 of utmost point pipe 9, be exactly flange 91 slide along the side 87 of utmost point pipe 9, thereby disk 63 obtains a kind of feed motion forward.In order to reduce the slip resistance of

flange

89 or 91 on the

side

85 or 87 of utmost point pipe 9,

flange

89 and 91 should have chamfering.

For the guide rail that reduces above-mentioned form and the friction between the guiding device, can add ball or rolling element by between.

Claims

1. the starter that is used for internal-combustion engine, has a starting electrical machinery (5,7), one by starting electrical machinery (5,7) driving shaft of Qu Donging (29) with one with driving shaft (29) effectively be connected at its y direction driven shaft (33) movably, the small gear (45) of engageable internal-combustion engine gear ring (47) is housed on this driven shaft, wherein, for small gear (45) is engaged in the gear ring (47), be contained in starting electrical machinery (5,7) element (9) on the stator (5) makes driven shaft (33) realize feed motion forward, this element is at starting electrical machinery (5,7) get electric back wall and do oscillating motion around this electrical axis, it is characterized in that the oscillating motion that is provided with a stator component (9) directly is converted to the mechanism (55 of the axial motion that acts on driven shaft (33), 63,77,79,85,87,89,91).

2. by the described starter of claim 1, it is characterized in that, this mechanism is by guide rail (81,85,87) and a guiding device (77 that slides along this guide rail, 89,91) form, its middle guide (81,85,87) or guiding device (77,89,91) with can make axially movable driven shaft (33) and realize effectively being connected, and guiding device (77,89,91) or guide rail (81,85,87) being installed in this starter does not do on the axially movable element (25) with driven shaft (33), thereby make stator component (9) and guide rail (81,85,87) or guiding device (77,89,91) realize following effectively connection, it is guiding device (77,89,91) when stator component (9) oscillating motion along guide rail (81,85,87) slide, guide rail (81,85,87) and guiding device (77,89,91) be to constitute like this, promptly driven shaft (33) is because guiding device (77,89,91) at guide rail (81,85,87) slip on and realize moving axially.

3. by the described starter of claim 1, it is characterized in that, substantially the disk of radially placing (63) so is bearing on the driven shaft (33), and promptly this disk can center on the rotational of driven shaft (33), with on axial edge forward feeding direction to head on spring force (71) supported.

4. by the described starter of claim 3, it is characterized in that, sealed or power engagement system so is connected with disk (63) starting element (9) with shape, promptly when stator component (9) oscillating motion, the guiding device (77) that is located on the disk (63) slides along the continuous elevated guide of feeding direction (81) at driven shaft (33), wherein, disk (63) is done axial motion with driven shaft (33).

5. by the described starter of claim 2, it is characterized in that guide rail (85,87) or this guiding device are installed on the stator component (9).

6. by each described starter in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, the utmost point pipe (9) that belongs to starting electrical machinery stator (5) is can be around the supporting of electrical axis swing, and being provided with a spring element, the effect of this spring element is opposite with the moment of torsion that acts on the utmost point pipe (9) that motor gets the generation of electric back.

7. by the described starter of claim 3, it is characterized in that, between disk (63) and starter housing (3) spring element (73) is housed, this spring element acts on disk (63), thereby also driven shaft (33) is applied a spring force opposite with feeding direction.

8. by claim 5 or 7 described starters, it is characterized in that driving shaft (29) drives driven shaft (33) by multiple thread (35).