CN100400270C - 用于制造包装的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于制造包装的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100400270C
CN100400270C CNB2003801057223A CN200380105722A CN100400270C CN 100400270 C CN100400270 C CN 100400270C CN B2003801057223 A CNB2003801057223 A CN B2003801057223A CN 200380105722 A CN200380105722 A CN 200380105722A CN 100400270 C CN100400270 C CN 100400270C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
seam
conductor
packaged unit
induction heating
packaged
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB2003801057223A
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English (en)
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CN1723117A (zh
Inventor
H·安德松
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Publication of CN1723117A publication Critical patent/CN1723117A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/72—Contents-dispensing means
    • B65D5/74—Spouts
    • B65D5/746—Spouts formed separately from the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3668—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/346—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration
    • B29C66/3462—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration by differentially heating the zones of different thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B29C66/496—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53245—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow
    • B29C66/53246—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers
    • B29C66/53247—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers said spouts comprising flanges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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Abstract

提供了一种用于制造包装的方法和设备。该方法包括，提供包括有至少一层可感应加热材料的热塑性涂覆包装材料的片材的管状第一包装部分。第一包装部分具有位于片材的两个相对边缘部分之间的第一密封接缝。该方法还包括通过第二接缝将第一包装部分和第二包装部分连接在一起，第一和第二接缝彼此相交。该方法还包括设置包括有沿着彼此延伸的至少两个导体的感应加热装置，使得导体沿着第二接缝延伸，以及提供施感电流通过感应加热装置来密封第二接缝。施感电流沿着第二接缝在所述至少两个导体中的相反方向上通过导体被传导。

Description

用于制造包装的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造包装的方法，包括提供包括有至少一层可感应加热材料的热塑性涂覆包装材料的片材的管状第一包装部分，该第一包装部分具有位于片材的两个相对边缘部分之间的第一密封接缝，以及将第一包装部分和第二包装部分连接在一起，在第一和第二包装部分之间形成了第二接缝，第一和第二接缝彼此相交。本发明还涉及一种用于执行该方法的设备。另外，本发明涉及一种用于制造包装的设备。
背景技术
在制造包装时用于密封接缝的技术是已知的。这种已知技术的一个示例是超声波密封，其中超声波能量施加于设在接缝中的热粘合介质上以便对其进行密封。根据另一已知技术，在接缝中施加粘合剂以用于密封。如果接缝是包括一种传导介质和一种热粘合介质的类型，则可采用感应加热密封来密封接缝。
美国专利No.5889263公开了一种用于感应密封包括有铝箔层的包装材料的装置。该装置包括带有与两个横向导体互连的两个平行导体的感应器。平行导体设在电绝缘的载体部分中。横向导体设在感应器的上表面上，并与包装材料的平面布置管的外界线重合。感应器设在密封夹具中，其设置成可与对压夹具一起挤压包装材料的双层。平行导体连接在电流源上，从而在铝箔层中产生感应电流。产生了热量，并且各导体形成了包装材料的一道密封。包装材料可在这两道密封之间进行切割。因此，通过这种装置，可以一次形成两件包装中每一件的一道密封。该装置在用于密封包装材料的互联压缩层之间的接缝、即在用于横向密封包装材料的平面布置管的方面是有局限性的。
美国专利No.6079185公开了一种用于密封围绕着容器接触区的封盖的感应密封器件。封盖或容器包括金属介质，其围绕接触区形成了连续的传导区域。导体设置成被提供至接触区的周围，并位于封盖和容器的外面。导体中的流动电流在金属介质中形成了感应电流，该感应电流跟随接触区周围的流动电流而流动。产生了热量，通过这种热量将封盖沿着接缝化学式粘合在容器上。
上述感应密封器件局限于其中沿着整个待密封接缝形成有连续传导区域的情形。如果在传导区域中存在断开，则会阻碍感应电流在整个接触区的周围跟随流动电流而流动，相反，感应电流将散布非所需的区域中。这种散布将导致在这些非所需区域中产生破坏性的热量。另外，在所需区域中的热量产生可能是不够的，导致接缝的密封不良。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于通过感应加热密封来制造包装的方法和设备，该方法和设备消除了现有技术的局限性。本发明的基本概念是，沿着待密封的大致整个接缝来提供高频施感电流，其中该接缝包括可感应加热材料，施感电流在两个相反、基本平行且沿着彼此延伸的方向上来提供。因此，本发明允许沿着大致整个接缝来“引导”感应加热电流，即使在沿着接缝的传导区域中存在断开时也是如此，其中该传导区域由接缝中的可感应加热材料形成。这样就可以防止感应加热电流的散布，并实现整个接缝的紧密和高强度的密封。
根据本发明的用于制造包装的方法包括步骤：提供包括有至少一层可感应加热材料的热塑性涂覆包装材料的片材的管状第一包装部分，该第一包装部分具有位于片材的两个相对边缘部分之间的密封的第一接缝；以及将第一包装部分和第二包装部分连接在一起，在第一和第二包装部分之间形成了第二接缝，第一和第二接缝彼此相交。该方法的特征在于还包括步骤：设置包括有沿着彼此延伸的至少两个导体的感应加热装置，使得导体沿着第二接缝延伸；以及通过馈送施感电流通过感应加热装置来密封第二接缝，该施感电流通过导体沿着第二接缝在所述至少两个导体中的相反方向上被传导，第二接缝中的密封的子接缝通过所述至少两个导体中的每一个导体来实现。
根据一个实施例，将第一和第二包装部分连接在一起包括，定位第一和第二包装部分以使第二包装部分从管状第一包装部分的开口端突出来，而设置感应加热装置包括沿着第一包装部分来周向地提供导体。当在第二接缝处密封具有基本类似外轮廓的两个包装部分之间的第二接缝时，该实施例是特别有利的。
根据一个备选实施例，将第一和第二包装部分连接在一起包括，定位第一和第二包装部分以使第二包装部分从第一包装部分的壁部分中的开口中突出来，而设置感应加热装置包括围绕开口来周向地提供导体。当在第二接缝处密封不具有类似外轮廓的两个包装部分之间的第二接缝时，该实施例是特别有利的。
根据本发明的用于制造包装的设备包括：用于提供包括有至少一层可感应加热材料的热塑性涂覆包装材料的片材的管状第一包装部分的装置，该第一包装部分具有位于片材的两个相对边缘部分之间的密封的第一接缝；将第一包装部分和第二包装部分连接在一起的装置，其中第二接缝形成于第一和第二包装部分之间，并且第一和第二接缝彼此相交；以及用于提供施感电流的电流源装置。该设备的特征在于，还包括用于密封第二接缝的感应加热装置，该感应加热装置连接在电流源装置上，并包括至少两个沿着彼此延伸的导体，它们设置成沿着第二接缝延伸，并沿着第二接缝在所述至少两个导体中沿相反方向来传导施感电流，所述至少两个导体中的每一个导体设置成均实现了第二接缝中的密封的子接缝。
根据一个实施例，导体设置成被提供在第一包装部分的外侧上。
通过上述设置，感应加热装置可形成有孔或凹腔，用于接受第一和第二包装部分的形成了第二接缝的部分，导体沿着围起了孔或凹腔的壁来设置。该孔或凹腔使得可将导体容易地定位在相对于第二接缝的正确密封位置处。表述“正确密封位置”对应于导体被设置成尽可能地接近第二接缝。在该位置中，第二接缝被围起了孔或凹腔的壁所包围。
孔或凹腔的圆周优选基本上等于包装部分沿着第二接缝的外圆周，围起了孔或凹腔的壁在密封第二接缝的过程中施加压缩载荷于第二接缝上。施加在第二接缝上的这种压缩载荷提高了密封的强度和紧密度。
孔或凹腔最好是截头锥形的，用于接受从第二接缝开始在一定方向上逐渐变小的所述第二包装部分，孔或凹腔的最小圆周小于包装部分沿着第二接缝的外圆周，围起孔或凹腔的壁在密封第二接缝的过程中施加压缩载荷于第二接缝上。通过这种构造，就可在平行于孔或凹腔的中心轴线的方向上在感应加热装置上施加压力，在未密封的包装上施加反压力，以便在第二接缝上实现压缩载荷。
在其中导体设置成被提供至第一包装部分外侧上的实施例中，感应加热装置或者可形成有用于接受第二包装部分的至少一部分的凹腔或孔，导体以一个围起另一个的方式设在同一平面上，并且包围了凹腔或孔。与上述备选例类似，该凹腔或孔使得可将导体容易地定位在相对于第二接缝的正确密封位置处。如前所述，表述“正确密封位置”对应于导体被设置成尽可能地接近第二接缝。在该位置中，其中设有导体的平面平行于第一包装部分的沿着第二接缝的表面。
根据一个备选实施例，导体设置成可被提供至第一包装部分的内侧上。
通过上述设置，感应加热装置可包括支撑件，其设置成被第一和第二包装部分的形成第二接缝的部分所包围，导体沿着壁设置在支撑件上并围起支撑件，壁在密封第二接缝的过程中施加压缩载荷于第二接缝上。该支撑件使得可将导体容易地定位在相对于第二接缝的正确密封位置处。如前所述，表述“正确密封位置”对应于导体被设置成尽可能地接近第二接缝。在该位置中，第二接缝将围绕着支撑件的壁。
各导体优选沿着第二接缝形成了周向的和不完全的电流通路。电流通路的端部之间的距离最好是尽可能小，以便沿着尽可能多的接缝来“引导”感应加热电流。然而，该距离优选足够大以避免在端部之间形成飞弧。
根据一个优选实施例，导体在一端彼此连接，并在另一端连接在电流源装置上。这种设置可允许两个导体在沿着第二接缝的两个相反方向上传导施感电流，而不必使用两个以上的电连接。
感应加热装置最好设置成可在可感应加热材料的所述层中感应出加热电流，该层包括金属箔。金属箔优选由铝构成，其具有良好的传导性，并且还适用作消毒包装中的阻氧材料。
与设备相关的所述特征当然可以转移到根据本发明的方法中。另外，所述特征可转移至包括有感应加热装置的用于制造包装的设备中，感应加热装置包括沿着彼此延伸并设置成连接在电流源装置上的至少两个导体。这种设备的特征在于，导体设置成可在相反的方向上传导施感电流，从而均实现了第二接缝中的密封的子接缝。
自然，上述特征可以组合在同一实施例中。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本发明的用于制造包装的设备。
图2显示了可通过图1所示设备来制造的包装。
图3显示了用于生产图2所示包装的一部分的方法。
图4显示了流程图，其说明了根据本发明的用于制造包装的方法。
图5a示意性地显示了已知的感应密封器件的一部分。
图5b显示了两个包装部分，其可通过图5a所示感应密封器件而密封在一起。
图5c显示了图5b中的包装部分的密封。
图6显示了由已知的感应密封器件所形成的图2所示包装中的感应电流通路。
图7a-d显示了根据本发明的感应加热装置。
图8a-c显示了图7a-d所示感应加热装置的绝缘部分。
图8d显示了对应于图7a-d所示感应加热装置的电路图。
图9a-b显示了用于通过图7a-d所示感应加热装置来密封图2所示包装的接缝的设置。
图10显示了图2所示包装中的感应电流通路，其由图7a-d所示感应加热装置形成。
图11a-c显示了用于集中磁场的嵌件的不同实施例，其可与根据本发明的感应加热装置一起使用。
图12显示了在密封过程中图2所示包装的关键部位中的感应电流的散布。
图13a显示了用于集中磁场的另一嵌件，其可与根据本发明的感应加热装置一起使用。
图13b显示了设在根据本发明的感应加热装置中的图13a所示嵌件。
图14a-e显示了根据本发明的感应加热装置的一个备选实施例。
图15显示了用于通过图14a-e所示感应加热装置来密封图2所示包装的接缝的设置。
图16a-b显示了可通过根据本发明的感应加热装置的备选实施例来制造的包装。
图17a-b显示了用于将图16a-b所示包装部分密封在一起的感应加热装置的备选实施例。
图18显示了图17a-b所示感应加热装置的绝缘部分。
图19a-b显示了用于通过图17a-d所示感应加热装置来密封图16a-b所示包装的接缝的设置。
图20显示了图16a-b所示包装中的感应电流通路，其由图17a-d所示感应加热装置形成。
具体实施方式
图1是用于制造包装的设备1的示意性平面图。设备1具有连接在轮3上的多个臂2。在操作过程中，轮3围绕几何轴线4旋转，因此臂2在圆周轨迹5上运动。沿着圆周轨迹5设有多个加工工位6-9，在这里执行制造工艺的某些步骤。加工工位将在下文中更详细地介绍。
图2显示了一个可通过设备1来制造的包装10的示例。该包装具有瓶子的形状，包括第一包装部分11和第二包装部分12。第一包装部分11是管状的，并由热塑性涂覆的包装材料制成。图3示意性显示了这种第一管状包装部分或套筒11的生产。采用包装材料的片材13来生产一个套筒11。圈闭部分14包含了放大部分，其显示了通过片材13的横截面。片材13包括热塑性层15、铝箔形式的可感应加热的材料的层16、纸板层17和另一热塑性层18。热塑性层例如可包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(″PET″)。片材13如箭头19所示地围绕成形件20折叠，并通过使片材的两个相对边缘部分21，22相互重叠来形成管。通过密封装置(未示出)来对重叠区域中的热塑性材料加热，从而形成第一密封接缝23。例如可通过吹塑或注塑来生产的第二包装部分12是设有开启/封闭件24的塑料顶部。
图4包含流程图，其说明了用于通过图1所示的设备1来制造图2所示的包装10的方法。
如上所述，轮3和臂2在操作期间旋转，使得轮3上的各臂2沿着圆周轨迹5被引导至不同的加工工位6-9。在轮3已旋转360度时，轮3上的各臂2都将经过各个加工工位各一次。旋转是步进式进行的，每一步骤对应于臂2在两个加工工位之间的运动。在两个步骤之间，即在每一个加工工位处，轮3停止一定的时间段，以允许执行制造工序的不同步骤。在操作过程中，各臂2用来在轮3每旋转一圈就制造一个包装10。在图1中，虚线勾绘出的草图显示了各加工工位之后的结果。
在第一加工工位6处，在各臂2上设有一个塑料顶部12(步骤A)。塑料顶部可通过传送带(未示出)传送至第一加工工位，塑料顶部可由传送带引入，并通过抓放装置(未示出)放在各臂上。在第二加工工位7处，在各臂2上放置一个套筒11并使之滑动而套在塑料顶部上(步骤B)。套筒在根据图3生产出来之后由上述密封装置来提供。同样，套筒11可由密封装置来提供，并通过抓放装置(未示出)放在各臂上。在该步骤之后，套筒11和塑料顶部12被连接在一起。塑料顶部从管状套筒11的开口端25(图3)上突出来，套筒在套筒与塑料顶部之间的第二接缝处部分地重叠在塑料顶部上。因此，第一接缝23和第二接缝26将在图2所示的圈闭部分27所圈起的区域中彼此相交。在第三加工工位8处，套筒11和塑料顶部12之间的第二接缝26通过密封装置28(示意性示出)而被密封起来(步骤C)。密封装置28以及该方法中的步骤C将在下文中更详细地介绍。在该步骤之后，套筒11和塑料顶部12在第二接缝26处紧固在一起。在第四即最后的加工工位9处，包装10被取出并脱离设备1(步骤D)。同样，该步骤可以通过抓放装置和传送带(未示出)来执行。
为了密封第二接缝26、优选还有第一接缝23，采用了感应加热密封。本发明所用的该密封技术的原理是，在铝箔16中感应出电加热电流来加热该箔，并因此也加热了热塑性层15。可通过流经附近感应密封器件内的导电材料中的高频施感电流所产生的磁场来在铝箔中感应出加热电流。
图5a是已知感应密封器件(未整体示出)的部件29的示意图。它用于将由热塑性材料的喷口和凸缘构成的封盖感应加热密封在由包括金属层的热塑性涂覆材料构成的容器上。如图5b中的剖面所示，封盖31的喷口30设置成从容器33的开口32中突出来。另外，凸缘34设置成在容器内侧贴靠在开口32周围的区域35上。感应密封器件包括导体36，其连接在电流源装置37(由+和-表示)上。导体36设置成沿着封盖31和容器33之间的接缝38而设在喷口30的周围，如图5c的顶视平面图所示。当电流流过导体36时，在导体的周围便产生了磁场。在金属层中感应出电流，导体36沿着接缝38“引导”感应电流。接缝中的热塑性材料被加热，使得接缝被密封，并且容器和封盖、更具体而言为封盖的凸缘被紧固在一起。在这种类型的设置中，金属层沿着整个接缝38形成了连续的传导区域，所产生磁场感应出电流，其沿着基本上整个接缝传导，如图5c中的箭头39所示。
图6显示了在采用上述已知的感应密封器件来密封图2所示包装10的第二接缝26时的密封结果。为清楚起见，在图6中只显示了套筒11。另外，套筒的第一接缝23显示为“未密封”。其原因是为了清楚地显示铝箔16中的感应加热电流通路。在这种设置中，由于存在套筒的第一接缝，因此铝箔未沿着整个第二接缝26形成连续的传导区域。在片材13的边缘部分21和22之间的重叠部位中存在着铝箔的断开。当将施感电流提供至该已知的感应密封器件中时，围绕导体36所产生的磁场将在铝箔中感应出加热电流，其通过导体沿着第二接缝在箭头40所示的方向上被“引导”。当感应电流到达铝箔的断开处时，它不再在由导体所限定的方向40上、即沿着第二接缝被“引导”，而是被迫在另一方向上行进。因此，由于自然法则，感应电流将沿着对应于最低阻抗的通路而被传导。由于套筒11的第一接缝23对应于最低阻抗，因此感应电流将在逐渐泄漏之前沿第一接缝流动一段距离。在泄漏之后，感应电流将沿着大致与方向40相反的方向“返回”，直到再次到达第一接缝为止，然后沿着第一接缝流到第二接缝26，并继续沿着方向40运动。上述电流通路由图6中的箭头41表示。因此，由传导区域中的沿着第二接缝的断开以及已知的感应密封器件所导致的结果是，感应电流将从第二接缝泄漏至套筒的非所需部分中。
由于感应电流离开所需的密封区域并沿着第一接缝23流动，因此沿着第一接缝的铝箔以及沿着第一接缝的热塑性层将被加热。在泄漏的感应电流高得足以影响第一接缝的密封之处，这会弱化或甚至损坏一部分第一接缝。第一接缝的这一部分由图2中的圈闭部分42表示。克服该缺陷的一种可能方式是在第一接缝上施加压力以防止边缘部分21和22分开，并因此防止密封弱化或受损。然而，离开所需密封区域的感应电流还会导致另一缺点。由于感应电流所提供的大部分功率被耗散在所需密封区域之外，因此分散在图2所示圈闭部分27所圈起的区域中的功率可能不足。这导致在该区域中第二接缝的弱化、泄漏的密封。为了克服这些缺点，必须增加感应电流所提供的功率。然而，增大的密封功率可能反过来对第二接缝的未被图2所示圈闭部分27圈起的那部分的密封造成负面效果。另外，这种增大的密封功率要求有增大的能量供应给感应密封器件。
图7a是根据本发明的感应加热装置43的示意性顶视平面图。该感应加热装置包括在图1所示的密封装置28中。图7b-d是感应加热装置43分别沿着图7a中的线A-A、B-B和C-C的剖视图。感应加热装置包括两个圆形的铜导体44和45，其具有相同的形状和基本类似的尺寸。导体设置成在平行平面上且相互间电绝缘，并沿着彼此延伸。在图8a中，导体44和45显示为“裸露的”，并与下文中称为感应器装置的感应加热装置43的其余部分绝缘。导体设置成连接在500kHz高频电流源装置46(由+和-表示)上，其也设在图1所示的密封装置28中。为此，感应器装置43还包括电连接件47，其显示为“裸露的”并与图8b和8c所示感应装置的其余部分绝缘。图8b是电连接件的分解视图。它包括设置成连接在电流源装置的正极上的正极接头48，以及设置成连接在电流源装置的负极上的负极接头49。电连接件47还包括导体接头50，其设置成将导体44和45连接在一起。图8c是图8b所示电连接件的部件装配图。自然，在装配时，电连接件的部件通过合适的绝缘体(未示出)而彼此电绝缘。电连接件中的凹腔51设置成可接受导体44和45，以便实现导体与电连接件的部件48，49和50之间的电连接。图8d包含主要的“电路图”52，其显示了这些电连接。从图8c以及图8d中可以清楚，施加在正极接头48和负极接头49上的电流将在导体44中沿着箭头53所示的一个方向以及在导体45中沿着箭头54所示的平行但相反的方向被传导。
再次参见图7a-7d，感应加热装置43还包括绝缘体55，导体44和45以及电连接件47部分地设置在其中。绝缘体形成有截头锥形孔56，绝缘体因此而具有中空圆柱体的形状。从图中可以清楚，导体沿着围起了截头锥形孔的壁57来设置，并几乎完全地嵌入在绝缘体55中。只有导体44和45的“内壁”58和59(图8a)可从感应加热装置43的外侧可以看到。另外，感应加热装置43包括用于冷却的冷却件。冷却件包括铜管60，其嵌入在绝缘体55中，并沿着导体44和45延伸。铜管设置成可沿着导体来引导冷却介质如水，以便冷却导体。
图9a是用于通过感应加热装置43来密封包装10的第二接缝26的设置的剖视图。图9b是图8a所示设置的透视图，但感应加热装置43显示为未带有绝缘体55、电连接件47和铜管60。从图9a和9b中可以清楚，感应器装置43在密封期间围绕着第二接缝26设在外侧。为了实现这种设置，将感应加热装置43如箭头61′所示地套在包装10的塑料顶部12上，将包装设在其中一个臂2上。这与如箭头61″所示地将塑料顶部插入到截头锥形孔56中是等效的。由于塑料顶部从第二接缝26开始沿着方向61″逐渐变小，因此未密封的包装在被围起截头锥形孔56的壁57“卡住”之前可自由地运动穿过感应装置达一段距离。截头锥形孔的最小圆周略小于包装部分11和12沿着第二接缝26的外圆周。另外，导体44，45的内圆周基本上等于包装部分沿着第二接缝的外圆周。这意味着包装将在感应装置中被“卡住”，使得第二接缝被导体包围，即导体将围绕包装顺应着第二接缝。
再次参见图4，套筒11和塑料顶部12之间的第二接缝26在流程图中的步骤C中进行密封。密封步骤C包括若干子步骤，这将在下文中介绍。在第一子步骤C1中，如上所述地来设置包装部分和感应加热装置43，即将导体44和45设置在第二接缝的周围。在下一子步骤C2中，在感应加热装置上施加压力P1，由臂2在未密封的包装10上施加反压力P2，其中这些压力在平行于套筒的第一接缝23的方向上施加，如图9a所示。压力将导致壁57围住了截头锥形孔56，以便施加压缩载荷于第二接缝26上。在下一子步骤C3中，将施感电流提供至感应加热装置43，并由导体44，45在第二接缝的周围传导。施感电流在150毫秒到1秒的一定密封时间段内施加，在这段时间内在铝箔16内感应出加热电流，其对铝箔16加热，并因此还加热了热塑性层15。在该密封时间段结束时密封第二接缝，然而热塑性层还是热的。因此，如果感应加热装置43上的压力P1在该密封时间段之后立即被释放，则第二接缝的密封可能不会足够坚固，并可能被损坏。因此，步骤C还包括子步骤C4，其中将感应加热装置上的压力在释放前保持150毫秒到1秒的冷却时间段。该冷却时间段允许热塑性层充分地冷却，以实现第二接缝的高强度和紧密的密封。
图10显示了在采用感应加热装置43来密封图2所示包装10的第二接缝26时的密封结果。如图6一样，为了清楚起见，在图10中只显示了套筒11，其中第一接缝23是“未密封的”。这样，就可以清楚地显示出感应加热电流的通路。同样在该设置中，铝箔16未沿着整个第二接缝形成连续的传导区域，这是因为在片材13的边缘部分21和22之间的重叠部位中出现了断开。当施感电流被提供至感应器装置43中时，围绕导体44所产生的磁场将在铝箔中感应出第一加热电流，其通过导体44沿着第二接缝在箭头62所示方向上被“引导”。类似地，围绕导体45所产生的磁场将在铝箔中感应出第二加热电流，其通过导体45沿着第二接缝在箭头63所示方向上被“引导”。因此，第一和第二感应加热电流将在两个平行但相反的方向62和63上沿第二接缝26流动。当在箭头62所示方向上的第一加热电流到达铝箔的断开处时，它不再在导体44所限定的方向62上被“引导”，而是被迫在另一方向上流动。然后，第一加热电流“返回”并由导体45“引导”，而开始沿方向63流动。然而，少量的第一加热电流仍然将泄漏到第一接缝中，沿其流动并从中泄漏出来。然而，这种量非常小，它不会对第一接缝的密封有重大影响。当箭头63所示方向上的第二加热电流到达铝箔的断开处时会产生相应的现象，即它“返回”并开始沿方向62流动。因此，由于感应器装置在围绕着第二接缝的两个平行但相反的方向上传导施感电流，因此只有极少量的铝箔中的感应电流将从第二接缝泄漏至套筒的非所需部分中。
从上述介绍中可以清楚，第二接缝实际上包括两条子接缝，即第一加热电流形成的一个子接缝以及由第二加热电流形成的第二子接缝。两条子接缝优选相互接近地设置，因此导体44和45之间的距离比较小(大约1-2毫米)。由于导体之间的这种较小距离，其各自的磁场易于相互干扰，这会对密封结果造成负面影响。为了避免该负面影响，可在导体44和45之间设置高磁导材料，例如FerrotronTM。在图7a、c和d中可以看到，FerrotronTM嵌件64设在导体44和45之间。FerrotronTM嵌件的功能是使各导体周围的磁场集中起来。这种磁场集中的结果是单独的，从而防止了相互干扰。
如图10所示，当使用根据图7a-d的感应加热装置43时，大多数感应电流将保持在所需的密封区域中。因此，沿着第一接缝23的铝箔将不会被加热至足以影响图2所示圈闭部分42所圈起的区域中的第一接缝的密封。另外，由于感应电流所提供的大多数功率因此而耗散在所需密封区域内，因此分散在图2所示圈闭部分27所圈起的区域中的功率将足以实现该区域内的第二接缝的良好、紧密的密封，而不必增加提供至感应加热装置43中的能量供应。
然而，图2所示圈闭部分27所圈起的区域是包装10的关键部位，包装中的泄漏最可能发生在此处。因此，需要进一步提高该特定区域中的密封的强度。这可通过在导体44和45中的设置成在密封期间最接近第一和第二接缝之间的相交处的部分的周围来设置例如上述高磁导材料即FerrotronTM来实现。在图7a-c中可以看到，FerrotronTM嵌件65设在导体44和45周围，并嵌入到感应加热装置43的绝缘体55中。在图11a-c中可以看到FerrotronTM嵌件65的三个不同实施例，它们均与感应加热装置的其余部分绝缘。FerrotronTM嵌件用来将导体44和45中的施感电流所产生的磁场集中起来，以便局部增加在铝箔16中产生的功率。该操作的结果是，在第二接缝26的与第一接缝23相交之处形成了强度更好的密封。
包装10的另一关键部位是第二接缝中的在密封期间设置成最靠近图8b-c所述电连接件47的部分。可以看到，第二接缝的该另一关键部位在图9b中被圈闭部分66圈起。由于导体44和45在该区域中不会连续地随从第二接缝26，因此感应电流将不会沿着第二接缝的与正极接头48和负极49之间的距离相对应的部分而被“引导”，该部分由图9b中的标号67表示。图12示意性显示了圈闭部分66中的铝箔16中的感应加热电流的特性。图12的上部68显示了在图10所示方向62上运动的第一加热电流的特性。图12的下部69显示了在图10所示方向63上运动的第二加热电流的特性。在段a和c中，感应加热电流被导体“引导”，并因此沿着第二接缝顺应着大致直的通路。在段b中，对应于电连接件的正极和负极接头之间的距离即图9b的距离67，“引导”不存在，感应加热电流开始散布。这种散布将导致在段b中产生的功率低于在段a和c中产生的功率。结果，这会导致第二接缝中的对应于段b的部分的密封比较薄弱。为了克服此缺陷，可利用上述技术来局部地增加所需区域中的功率产生，以便改善密封结果。为此，根据图13a的FerrotronTM嵌件70可用来设在正极和负极接头之间的区域周围。这如对应于图7d的图13b所示，其中感应加热装置43设有FerrotronTM嵌件70。从图13a中可以清楚，嵌件70由两个零件71和72构成，它们组合在图13b所示的成品组件中。
在上文中已经介绍了一种感应加热装置，其设置成可在第二接缝26的密封期间被提供至包装10的外侧。根据一个备选实施例，根据本发明的感应加热装置设置成可在第二接缝的密封期间被提供至包装的内侧。这种“内侧”感应加热装置示意性地显示于图14a-e中。图14a是根据本发明的“内侧”感应加热装置73的顶视平面图，图14b和c是侧视图。图14d和e是“内侧”感应加热装置73的分别沿着图14a中的线A-A和B-B的剖视图。“内侧”感应装置即“内侧”感应器装置73包括两个导体74和75，它们类似于图7所示感应加热装置43的导体44和45。导体74和75同样设置成连接在500kHz高频电流源装置上，其类似于图8b中的高频电流源装置。为此，感应器装置73还包括电连接件76，其类似于感应器装置43的电连接件47。
另外，感应器装置73包括用于导体74，75的支撑件，其采取绝缘体77的形状，其中部分地设置了导体74和75和电连接件76。绝缘体因其倾斜的外壁78而具有截头锥体的形状。从图14a-e中可以清楚，导体74和75沿着该外壁78设置，几乎完全地嵌入在绝缘体中。只有它们的“外壁”可以从感应加热装置73的外侧看到。另外，感应加热装置73包括冷却件，其嵌入在绝缘体中，并包括有沿着导体74和75来引导冷却介质的铜管79。另外，与上述实施例一样，FerrotronTM嵌件80设在导体74和75之间，以防止这两个导体周围的磁场彼此干扰。
图15是用于通过感应加热装置73来密封包装10的第二接缝26的设置的剖视图。从图15中可以清楚，感应器装置73在密封期间沿着第二接缝26设在内侧。为了实现这种设置，将感应加热装置73套入到套筒11中。这与将套筒套在感应加热装置上是等效的。由于塑料顶部12从第二接缝26开始在一定方向上逐渐变小，因此感应器装置73在塑料顶部12被感应器装置的外壁78“卡住”之前可在未密封的包装中自由地运动一段距离。导体74和75的外圆周基本上等于沿着第二接缝26的包装部分11和12的内圆周。因此，包装将在感应装置73上“卡住”，使得第二接缝将围绕着导体，即导体将围绕包装顺应着第二接缝的内侧。
除了感应加热装置在密封期间与包装相关的设置之外，上述两个不同的感应器装置43和73以类似方式起作用，并在密封方面提供了相同的优点。另外，同样在“内侧”感应器装置73的情况下，例如如图11a-11c和13a所示的FerrotronTM嵌件可在接缝相交处分别设在接头74和75的周围，以及设在电连接件76的正极和负极接头之间的区域周围，以便提高这些区域中的密封效果。然而应当指出，如果密封装置28包括有“内侧”感应加热装置，则图1所示的用于制造包装的设备1应进行较小的修改。另外，用于通过这种修改后的设备来制造图2所示包装10的方法可包括与通过设备1来进行的上述方法相同的步骤。然而，应当改变图4所示流程图中的步骤之间的顺序。
根据一个备选实施例，根据本发明的感应加热装置可用来在容器和封盖形式的第一与第二包装部分之间进行感应加热密封。本发明尤其适用于其中封盖设在容器的包括已密封接缝的区域中的情形。图16a是显示了这种情形的示例的透视图，其中与图5b所示封盖31相类似的封盖81应沿着接缝83密封在Tetra Brik AsepticTM类型的容器82上。与图5b所示容器33一样，容器82由包括金属层的热塑性涂覆材料构成。金属层包括铝箔。如作为图16a所示包装的剖视图的图16b所示，封盖81的喷口84设置成从容器82的开口85中突出来。另外，凸缘86设置成在容器内侧贴靠在开口85周围的区域87上。
图17a显示了根据本发明的感应加热装置88的平面图，其用于密封容器82和封盖81之间的接缝83。从图16a中可以清楚，两条其它的已密封接缝89和90与接缝83相交。图17b是感应加热装置88的沿着图17a所示线A-A的剖视图。感应加热装置88包括两个圆形铜导体91和92，它们具有相同的形状但具有不同尺寸。导体设置在同一平面中并沿着彼此延伸。另外，导体91被导体92包围。在图18中，导体91和92显示为“裸露的”，并与以下也称为感应器装置的感应加热装置88的其余部分绝缘。导体91和92也设置成连接在与图8b所示高频电流源装置46类似的500kHz高频电流源装置上。为此，感应器装置88还包括电连接件93，其包括正极接头、负极接头和导体接头，这些接头(未示出)彼此电绝缘。电连接件93具有与上述电连接件47和76相同的功能。
再次参见图17a-b，感应加热装置88还包括绝缘体94，其中部分地设置了导体91和92以及电连接件93。绝缘体形成有圆柱形凹腔95。从图17a-b中可以清楚，这些导体设置成沿着壁96围绕凹腔而彼此电绝缘，导体91具有内圆周，其略大于凹腔的圆周。壁96设置成在接缝83的密封期间贴靠在容器82的围绕着喷口84的区域上。导体几乎完全地嵌入到绝缘体94中。从感应加热装置88的外侧只能看见导体91和92的表面97和98(图18)。另外，感应加热装置88包括与上述类似的冷却件(未示出)。与上述实施例一样，FerrotronTM嵌件(未示出)设在导体91和92之间，以防止这两个导体周围的磁场彼此干扰。
图19a是用于通过感应加热装置88来密封容器82和封盖81之间的接缝83的设置的剖视图。图19b是图19a所示设置的顶视平面图，但感应加热装置88显示为未带有绝缘体94和电连接件93。从图19a和19b中可以清楚，凹腔95设置成可容纳封盖的喷口84。因此，凹腔的圆周略大于喷口的外圆周。
图20显示了根据以上设置的密封的结果。为了清楚起见，图中只显示了纸板82的顶部，其中接缝89和90“未密封”，而顶部被分成两个顶部部分99和100。这样，这两个顶部部分中的感应加热电流的通路就得以清楚地显示。铝箔因接缝89和90而未沿着整个接缝83形成连续的传导区域。当施感电流施加在感应器装置88中时，铝箔中的导体91将在各顶部部分99和100中感应出第一加热电流。这些第一加热电流将通过导体91沿着接缝在箭头101所示方向上被“引导”。以类似的方式，铝箔中的导体92将在各顶部部分中感应出第二加热电流。这些第二加热电流将通过导体92沿着接缝在箭头102所示方向上被“引导”。因此，第一和第二感应加热电流将在两个平行但相反的方向101和102上沿接缝83流动。当在其中一个方向上被“引导”的其中一个感应加热电流到达铝箔中的其中一个断开处时，它将“返回”并在另一方向上被“引导”。大多数感应电流将保持在所需的密封区域中，这导致了良好的密封结果。
自然，同样在感应器装置88的情况下，FerrotronTM嵌件可分别设在接缝相交处的导体91和92的周围以及电连接件93的正极和负极接头之间，以便改进这些区域中的密封效果。
在上文中介绍了感应加热装置，其设置成可在接缝83的密封期间被提供至容器82的外侧。当然，感应加热装置也可设置成在这种接缝的密封期间被提供至容器的内侧。
应当指出，并非所有的图都按比例来绘制。
上述实施例应仅被视为示例。本领域的技术人员可以认识到，在不脱离本发明概念的前提下，可以多种方式对上述实施例进行组合和变化。
作为一个示例，待密封接缝可以为圆形以外的其它形状，例如椭圆形或多边形。这要求采用经修改的感应加热装置结构来进行密封。
另外，待密封在一起的包装部分不必为上述类型，而是可以具有其它外观和由其它材料构成。
另外，根据本发明的感应加热装置不必以上述方式、即通过固定尺寸的截头锥形孔和凹腔来设在相对于待密封接缝的正确位置中。感应加热装置可设有部件，用于改变其尺寸，以便将其设在沿着接缝的正确位置中。这种感应加热装置还可以是可调的，用于密封不同类型的接缝。
另外，根据本发明的感应加热装置可包括两个以上的导体，只要施感电流在沿着待密封接缝的两个相反方向上传导即可。另外，导体不必为铜，而可以是具有较低阻抗的其它材料。
自然，片材中的可感应加热材料的层不必为铝箔，而可以是其它导电材料。
最后，上述量如频率和时间的值仅仅是示例性的，因此不应被视为限制了本发明的范围。

Claims (31)

1.一种用于制造包装的方法，包括
提供包括有至少一层可感应加热材料层(16)的热塑性涂覆包装材料的片材(13)的管状第一包装部分(11，82)，所述第一包装部分具有处于所述片材的两个相对边缘部分(21，22)之间的密封的第一接缝(23，89，90)，
将所述第一包装部分和第二包装部分(12，81)连接在一起，在所述第一和第二包装部分之间形成第二接缝(26，83)，所述第一和第二接缝彼此相交，其特征在于，所述方法还包括
设置包括有沿着彼此延伸的至少两个导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)的感应加热装置(43，73，88)，使得所述导体沿着所述第二接缝延伸，和
通过提供施感电流经过所述感应加热装置来密封所述第二接缝，所述施感电流通过所述导体沿着所述第二接缝在所述至少两个导体中的相反方向(62，63；101，102)上被传导，所述第二接缝中的密封的子接缝通过所述至少两个导体中的每一个导体来实现。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，设置所述感应加热装置(43，88)包括，在所述第一包装部分(11，82)的外侧上提供所述导体(44，45；91，92)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，设置所述感应加热装置(73)包括，在所述第一包装部分(11)的内侧上提供所述导体(74，75)。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括在所述第二接缝(26，83)的密封期间施加压缩载荷于所述第二接缝(26，83)上。
5.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，密封所述第二接缝(26，83)包括，在可感应加热材料的所述层(16)中感应出加热电流，所述层包括金属箔。
6.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一包装部分(11，82)的所述第一接缝(23，89，90)形成于重叠的所述两个边缘部分(21，22)之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述第一和第二包装部分(11，12)连接在一起包括，定位所述第一和第二包装部分以使所述第二包装部分从所述管状第一包装部分的开口端(25)中突出来，而设置所述感应加热装置(43，73)包括沿着所述第一包装部分来周向地提供所述导体(44，45；74，75)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述第一和第二包装部分(82，81)连接在一起包括，定位所述第一和第二包装部分以使所述第二包装部分从所述第一包装部分的壁部分中的开口(85)中突出来，而设置所述感应加热装置(88)包括围绕所述开口来周向地提供所述导体(91，92)。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述第一和第二包装部分连接在一起包括将所述第一包装部分套在所述第二包装部分上。
10.一种用于制造包装的设备，其包括感应加热装置(43，73，88)，所述感应加热装置包括沿着彼此延伸并设置成连接在电流源装置(46)上的至少两个导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)，其特征在于，所述导体设置成在相反的方向(62，63；101，102)上传导施感电流，从而均实现了所述第二接缝中的密封的子接缝。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，所述感应加热装置(43，73，88)设置成可密封第二接缝(26，83)，其形成于包括有至少一层可感应加热材料层(16)的热塑性涂覆包装材料的片材(13)的管状第一包装部分(11，82)与第二包装部分(12，81)之间，所述第一包装部分具有位于所述片材的两个相对边缘部分(21，22)之间的密封的第一接缝(23，89，90)，所述第一和第二接缝彼此相交。
12.一种用于制造包装的设备，包括
用于提供包括有至少一层可感应加热材料层(16)的热塑性涂覆包装材料的片材(13)的管状第一包装部分(11，82)的装置，所述第一包装部分具有位于所述片材的两个相对边缘部分(21，22)之间的密封的第一接缝(23，89，90)，
用于将所述第一包装部分和第二包装部分(12，81)连接在一起的装置，在所述第一和第二包装部分之间形成了第二接缝(26，83)，所述第一和第二接缝彼此相交，
用于提供施感电流的电流源装置(46)，其特征在于，所述设备还包括
用于密封所述第二接缝的感应加热装置(43，73，88)，所述感应加热装置连接在所述电流源装置上，并包括沿着彼此延伸的至少两个导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)，其设置成沿着所述第二接缝延伸，并沿着所述第二接缝在所述至少两个导体中的相反方向(62，63；101，102)上传导所述施感电流，所述至少两个导体中的每一个导体设置成均实现了所述第二接缝中的密封的子接缝。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)设置成可被提供至所述第一包装部分(11，82)的外侧上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述感应加热装置(43)形成有孔或凹腔(56)，用于接受所述第一和第二包装部分中的形成了所述第二接缝(26)的部分，所述导体(44，45)沿着围起了所述孔或凹腔的壁(57)设置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其特征在于，所述孔或凹腔(56)的圆周基本上等于所述包装部分(11，12)沿着所述第二接缝(26)的外圆周，所述壁(57)围起了所述孔或凹腔，并在所述第二接缝的密封期间施加压缩载荷于所述第二接缝上。
16.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其特征在于，所述孔或凹腔(56)是截头锥形的，用于接受从所述第二接缝(26)开始在一方向(61″)上逐渐变小的所述第二包装部分，所述孔或凹腔的最小圆周小于所述包装部分(11，12)沿着所述第二接缝的外圆周，所述壁(57)围起了所述孔或凹腔，并在所述第二接缝的密封期间施加压缩载荷于所述第二接缝上。
17.根据权利要求13-16中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，各所述导体(44，45)的内圆周基本上等于所述包装部分(11，12)沿着所述第二接缝(26)的外圆周。
18.根据权利要求13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述感应加热装置(88)形成有凹腔或孔(95)，用于接受所述第二包装部分(81)的至少一部分，所述导体(91，92)以一个围起另一个的方式设在同一平面中，并围绕着所述凹腔或孔。
19.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导体(74，75)设置成可被提供至所述第一包装部分(11)的内侧上。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备，其特征在于，所述感应加热装置(73)包括支撑件(77)，其设置成被所述第一和第二包装部分(11，12)中的形成了所述第二接缝(26)的部分所围绕，所述导体(74，75)沿着壁(78)设在所述支撑件上并围起所述支撑件，所述壁在所述第二接缝的密封期间施加压缩载荷于所述第二接缝上。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的设备，其特征在于，各所述导体(74，75)的外圆周基本上等于所述包装部分(11，12)沿着所述第二接缝(26)的内圆周。
22.根据权利要求12-16或18-20中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)具有基本上一致的横截面。
23.根据权利要求12-16或19-20中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导体(44，45；74，75)具有基本相同的尺寸。
24.根据权利要求12-16或18-20中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，各所述导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)形成了沿着所述第二接缝(26，83)的周向的和不完全的电流通路。
25.根据权利要求12-16或18-20中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)在第一端处相互连接，并在第二端处连接在所述电流源装置(46)上。
26.根据权利要求25所述的设备，其特征在于，各所述导体(44，45；74，75；91，92)具有使得所述第一端设在所述第二端附近的形状。
27.根据权利要求12-16或18-20中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述感应加热装置(43，73，88)设置成可在可感应加热材料的所述层(16)中感应出加热电流，所述层包括金属箔。
28.根据权利要求12-16或18-20中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一包装部分(12，81)的第一接缝(23，89，90)形成于重叠的所述两个边缘部分(21，22)之间。
29.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，用于将所述第一和第二包装部分(11，12)连接在一起的所述装置设置成可定位所述第一和第二包装部分以使所述第二包装部分从所述管状第一包装部分的开口端(25)中突出来，所述导体(44，45；74，75)设置成沿着第一包装部分而被周向地提供。
30.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，用于将所述第一和第二包装部分连接在一起的所述装置设置成可定位所述第一和第二包装部分(82，81)以使所述第二包装部分从所述第一包装部分的壁部分中的开口(95)中突出来，所述导体(91，92)设置成围绕所述开口而被周向地提供。
31.根据权利要求29或30所述的设备，其特征在于，用于将所述第一和第二包装部分(11，12；82，81)连接在一起的所述装置设置成可将所述第一包装部分套在所述第二包装部分上。
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