CN100381728C - 压控式可变阻尼减震器 - Google Patents

压控式可变阻尼减震器 Download PDF

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CN100381728C
CN100381728C CNB2004100045140A CN200410004514A CN100381728C CN 100381728 C CN100381728 C CN 100381728C CN B2004100045140 A CNB2004100045140 A CN B2004100045140A CN 200410004514 A CN200410004514 A CN 200410004514A CN 100381728 C CN100381728 C CN 100381728C
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郭川
郭孔辉
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Zhejiang Kong Hui Automobile Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及由外源压力控制的减振器阻尼控制技术。适用于需要减振器阻尼随驾驶条件而变化的各种车辆的悬架上。与传统减震器相比，本发明增加了位于缸筒顶部的限压阀和限压阀控制讯号，并将传统减震器的活塞流通阀和底阀全部改成只允许油液向上流动的简单单向阀。如此的设计是使油液只作向上的单向流动，从而可以通过对限压阀开关动作的简单控制来实现对压缩阻尼和拉伸阻尼的调节。其中限压阀的开关动作可由驾驶员手动控制或者由反映负载、路况等驾驶条件的气压、油压讯号自动控制，从而达到调节减震器阻尼力的目的。

Description

压控式可变阻尼减震器
技术领域
本发明涉及由外源压力控制的减振器阻尼控制技术。适用于需要减振器阻尼随行驶条件而变化的各种车辆的悬架上。
背景技术
车辆对减震器阻尼强弱的要求会随负载、道路状况等行驶条件的变化而改变。当行驶条件变化时，不能相应调节阻尼的减震器难以起到令人满意的减震效果，将使车辆舒适性受到严重影响。
发明内容
本发明所提出的压控式可变阻尼减震器，如图1所示，是包括密封盖(1)、油封(2)、导向器(3)、活塞流通阀(4)、底阀(5)、外缸筒(6)、内缸筒(7)、导流套(8)、限压阀(9)、环状膜片(10)、碟形弹簧(11)、活塞杆(12)、防尘套(13)、两端连接件(14)、外压软管(15)、一组密封元件以及油液，这些构件形成了减震器的上油腔(16)、下油腔(17)、储油腔(18)和油封油腔(19)。
本发明所提出的压控式可变阻尼减震器，其活塞流通阀(4)、底阀(5)和限压阀(9)都是使油液作向上流动的单向阀；导向器(3)内部设有若干上下走向的通道，在导向器(3)通道上口处设有限压阀(9)，在限压阀(9)打开时，导向器(3)的通道连通上油腔(A)和储油腔(C)，导向器(3)还设有若干内部通道，连通油封油腔(D)和储油腔(C)。
限压阀(9)位于导向器(3)通道上口处，环状膜片(10)覆盖于限压阀(9)上部，由高弹性材料制成，其内、外缘被夹紧并固定于密封盖(1)和导向器(3)之间，碟形弹簧(11)被固定于环状膜片(10)和密封盖(1)之间，密封盖(1)内部有一个上下走向的通道，通道下端与环状膜片(10)的上侧相通，通道上端连接外压软管(15)，外压软管(15)的另一端在防尘套(13)的顶部连接外部压力讯号，外部压力讯号通过外压软管(15)、环状膜片(10)和碟形弹簧(11)传递至限压阀(9)而对限压阀(9)的开关动作进行控制，从而达到调节减震器阻尼大小的目的。
该可变阻尼式减震器的工作原理如下：
当减震器拉伸时，下油腔(17)增大的体积将由储油腔(18)的油液经底阀(5)进入而补充。同时上油腔(16)的体积缩小，多出的油液经过限压阀(9)流入储油腔(18)。当减震器压缩时，下油腔(17)的体积缩小，上油腔(16)的体积增大，但由于活塞杆(12)的进入，使上油腔(16)和下油腔(17)总体积缩小，除了有部分油液由下油腔(17)经过活塞流通阀(4)流入上油腔(16)以外，还有部分油液由上油腔(16)经过限压阀(9)流入储油腔(18)。
由此可见，该减震器无论是在压缩行程还是在拉伸行程，均有部分油液由上油腔(16)经过限压阀(9)流向储油腔(18)。因此，控制限压阀(9)的开关动作就可以调节减震器压缩阻尼和拉伸阻尼的强弱。
有了这一特性，只要让反映车辆使用状况的气压、液压讯号控制限压阀(9)的开关动作，就可以使减震器的压缩阻尼和拉伸阻尼随车辆驾驶条件的改变而作相应变化。
附图说明
图1是本发明压控式可变阻尼减震器的结构示意图。
图2是由空气弹簧引入的气压讯号与减震器的连接示意图。
图3是由整合于减震器顶部的空气弹簧气压讯号与减震器的连接示意图。
图4是悬架液压举升缸引入的液压讯号与减震器的连接示意图。
图5是驾驶员控制的气、液压讯号与减震器的连接示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详述：
如图1所示，导向器(3)位于减震器缸筒顶部，内部设有若干上下走向的通道，而限压阀(9)位于通道的上口处，其结构可以选择板阀、球阀、锥形阀等。环状膜片(10)覆盖于限压阀(9)上部，并将外部压力腔和减震器的上油腔(16)完全分隔开来。碟形弹簧(11)位于环状膜片(10)之上，被密封盖(1)固定并压向环状膜片(10)和限压阀(9)。密封盖(1)内部有一个上下走向的通道。外压软管(15)一端连接密封盖(1)通道上口，另一端连接外部压力讯号(P1，P2，P3)。反映汽车使用状况的外部气压、液压讯号经外压软管(15)(在空气弹簧整合于减震器顶部的布置中，外压软管(15)将被取消)、密封盖(1)通道作用在环状膜片(10)上侧并压向限压阀(9)。当外部压力与碟形弹簧(11)压力的总和大过减震器总油压时，限压阀(9)被关闭，使油液由上油腔(16)向储油腔(18)的流动受阻，至使减震器的阻尼增强。由此可见，减震器阻尼将随着反映车辆驾驶条件的外部气压、液压讯号的变化而变化，外部压力讯号增强时，减震器阻尼将增强；外部压力讯号减弱时，减震器阻尼将减弱。
某些汽车悬架的载荷变化较大，需要减震器阻尼随着车辆负载的变化而变化，这时可选择用随载荷而增长的外压讯号来控制限压阀(9)。例如载货汽车或大客车的后空气悬架，在采用普通不可调减震器时，很难同时兼顾空载与满载的最佳减震效果。而使用该可变阻尼式减震器，正如图2所示，将减震器连接到车架(21)上，同时安装在车架(21)上的空气弹簧(22)通过压力讯号管路(23)和外压软管(15)将外压讯号(P1)传至限压阀(9)，从而使减震器的阻尼发生改变。又如图3所示，在空气弹簧整合于减震器顶部的布置中，压力讯号管路(23)和外压软管(15)将被取消，外压讯号(P1)将直接传至限压阀(9)。当负载增加时，空气弹簧气压增加，减震器阻尼也随之增强；反之，当负载减小时，空气弹簧气压减小，减震器阻尼随之减弱。
同样道理，如图4所示，还可以选择将安装在车架(21)上的空气弹簧(22)用悬架液压举升缸(24)来代替，这时悬架液压举升缸(24)的压力讯号(P2)通过讯号管路(23)和外压软管(15)传至限压阀(9)，从而使减震器的阻尼发生改变。
而当汽车行驶于起伏不平的路面时，通常需要减震器具备较强的阻尼力。为了使驾驶员在驾驶室内能够调节减震器阻尼，可选择通过位于驾驶室内的开关设置，将不同强度的外压讯号(P3)通过外压软管(15)连接到减震器上来进行阻尼的调节，如图5所示。设置开关可分为若干档位，分别代表不同的外压讯号强度，驾驶员可以根据具体情况(如负载、路面条件等)，在驾驶室内随时将外压讯号设置到最佳的强度，从而获得最佳的减震效果。
另外，为使汽车在小振动时具有相对较小的阻尼；而在大振动时具有相对较大的阻尼，本发明所提出的压控式可变阻尼减震器在内缸筒(7)的内表面开有适当长度和大小的纵向流通槽。
该可变阻尼式减震器可视情况独立或同时连接外部压力讯号(P1，P2，P3)。
如图1所示，导向器(3)内部还设有若干通道连通油封油腔(19)和储油腔(18)，其作用是将油封油腔(19)内的油液引入储油腔(18)，以减轻油压给油封带来的负荷。
如图1所示，导流套(8)的作用是将由上油腔(16)经限压阀(9)流出的油液平顺导入储油腔(18)。导流套(8)与外缸筒(6)之间的间隙必须适当，太小会产生油压，太大会有可能产生气泡。

Claims (7)

1.一种压控式可变阻尼减震器，包括密封盖(1)、油封(2)、导向器(3)、活塞流通阀(4)、底阀(5)、外缸筒(6)、内缸筒(7)、导流套(8)、限压阀(9)、活塞杆(12)、防尘套(13)、两端连接件(14)、一组密封元件以及油液，这些构件形成了减震器的上油腔(16)、下油腔(17)、储油腔(18)和油封油腔(19)，该减震器的特征在于：其具有由环状膜片(10)、碟形弹簧(11)、外压软管(15)和限压阀(9)共同构成的可调节减震器阻尼的压力可控部件；限压阀(9)位于导向器(3)通道上口处，环状膜片(10)覆盖于限压阀(9)上部，由高弹性材料制成，其内、外缘被夹紧并固定于密封盖(1)和导向器(3)之间，碟形弹簧(11)被固定于环状膜片(10)和密封盖(1)之间，密封盖(1)内部有一个上下走向的通道，通道下端与环状膜片(10)的上侧相通，通道上端连接外压软管(15)，外压软管(15)的另一端在防尘套(13)的顶部连接外部压力讯号；外部压刀讯号通过外压软管(15)、环状膜片(10)和碟形弹簧(11)传递至限压阀(9)而对限压阀(9)的开关动作进行控制，从而达到调节减震器阻尼大小的目的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减震器，其特征在于：导向器(3)还设有若干内部通道，连通油封油腔(2)和储油腔(18)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减震器，其特征在于：外部压力讯号(P1)，是指直接或间接由空气弹簧引入的气压讯号。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减震器，其特征在于：外部压力讯号(P2)，是指直接或间接由悬架液压举升缸引入的液压讯号。
5.根据权利要求1所述的减震器，其特征在于：外部压力讯号(P3)，是指直接或间接由驾驶员控制的气、液压讯号。
6.根据权利要求1所述的减震器，其特征在于：内缸筒(7)的内表面开有纵向流通槽。
7.根据权利要求1所述的减震器，其特征在于：导流套(8)，位于外缸筒(6)和内缸筒(7)之间。
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US9879748B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-01-30 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Two position valve with face seal and pressure relief port
US9879746B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-01-30 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Rod guide system and method with multiple solenoid valve cartridges and multiple pressure regulated valve assemblies
US9884533B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2018-02-06 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Autonomous control damper
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US9695900B2 (en) 2009-10-06 2017-07-04 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Damper with digital valve
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US10479160B2 (en) 2017-06-06 2019-11-19 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Damper with printed circuit board carrier
US10588233B2 (en) 2017-06-06 2020-03-10 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Damper with printed circuit board carrier

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