CN100381316C - 铁路车辆制动控制系统 - Google Patents

铁路车辆制动控制系统 Download PDF

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CN100381316C
CN100381316C CNB2004800168736A CN200480016873A CN100381316C CN 100381316 C CN100381316 C CN 100381316C CN B2004800168736 A CNB2004800168736 A CN B2004800168736A CN 200480016873 A CN200480016873 A CN 200480016873A CN 100381316 C CN100381316 C CN 100381316C
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blow
air inlet
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inlet valve
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CN1805872A (zh
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罗斯·布拉德利
德里克·塔特
罗德尼·米夫林
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Knorr Bremse Rail Systems UK Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B60T13/26—Compressed-air systems
    • B60T13/36—Compressed-air systems direct, i.e. brakes applied directly by compressed air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/665—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems the systems being specially adapted for transferring two or more command signals, e.g. railway systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • B60T17/228—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices for railway vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1701—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles
    • B60T8/1705—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles for rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3235—Systems specially adapted for rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H7/00—Brakes with braking members co-operating with the track

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

在一用于铁路车辆的制动系统中，通过一电子控制单元(20)来控制相应进气阀(4、6)、排气阀(5、7)和一联接阀(9)的致动。该电子控制单元(20)具有一个计数器来计算每一个相应进气阀(4、6)、排气阀(5、7)的操作次数，其中该电子控制单元(20)在使用中决定要致动哪个相应的进气阀(4、6)和排气阀(5、7)来制动该铁路车辆。这种决定至少部分地取决于相应进气阀(4、6)和排气阀(5、7)所进行过的阀操作次数。

Description

铁路车辆制动控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在铁路车辆中控制气压制动系统的方法。
背景技术
典型的铁路车辆包括多个车厢或载货挂车以及多条列车管线。该列车管线包括沿车辆长度串连的气动线路和电力线路。一种气动列车管线是主制动管。在常规布局中，用主制动管中的气压来偏压车厢各转向架(bogie)上的制动器致动装置，使其处于断开位置，从而在由于事故而使制动管压力下降的情况下执行制动。
对于正常的行车制动来说，所有致动装置中的制动器致动压力通常是相同的以保证一致制动。然而，在某些环境中，例如车轮与铁轨的附着程度较低时，则必须单独控制各轴的制动压力以保证一致制动。这种单独控制即通常所说的车轮滑动保护(Wheel Slide Protection，WSP)，需要使各轴的制动压力都是可独立于其它轴和/或转向架上的制动压力而单独可控的。
WO01/062567描述了一种控制制动器致动输出的方法及装置，特别是关于一铁路车辆的制动的。在该系统中，给出了一种阀装置，其具有第一和第二制动器致动装置的第一和第二制动器致动输出，该阀装置控制在第一和第二制动器致动输出上的压力。这种阀装置包括第一和第二进气阀，用来给相应的致动输出供气，第一第二排气阀，每个都相应地与所述进气阀之一相连，和一个在致动输出之间的联接阀。该联接阀使得可以选择性地控制各致动输出的压力，使其或者在阀打开的状态下联合工作或者在联接阀闭合的状态下独立工作。阀的控制由一个电子控制单元来决定。该装置中的阀是被单独控制的，从而在故障情况下至少能保证50％的运转能力。然而，WO01/062567中描述的制动系统会遇到一个问题，就是由于各个阀的磨损导致制动阀的工作寿命有限，这种磨损通常在车辆长度上各阀是不均匀的。
因此本发明的目的是提供一种具有更长工作寿命的制动系统。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种用在铁路车辆中的制动系统，包括一个用来在使用中通过第一和第二空气通道来给第一第二制动器致动装置供气的供气源，供给各致动装置的空气气压通过相应的进气阀和排气阀来控制，其中还设置另外一个阀，该另外一个阀用于在使用中控制各进气阀之间的空气通道中的气流，相应进气阀、排气阀以及另外一个阀的致动通过一电子控制单元来进行控制，该电子控制单元具有一个计数器来计算每一个相应进气阀和排气阀所进行的阀操作次数，其中该电子控制单元在使用中决定要致动哪组进气阀和排气阀来制动该铁路车辆，这至少部分地取决于相应进气阀、排气阀所进行过的阀操作次数。
在本发明一优选实施例中，该电子控制单元决定要致动哪组进气阀、排气阀，以平衡在各阀上的磨损。优选地，在于该另一个阀在使用过程中被保持在打开位置上，从而使得气流可以从所述第一空气通道流到第二空气通道，或者相反，从而使施加到第一第二制动器致动装置上的压力可以只通过其相应一组进气阀和排气阀对之一来进行控制。
优选地，该另外一个阀在使用中是闭合的，从而可以对每对进气阀、排气阀进行单独控制。优选地，各对进气阀、排气阀在使用中被并联控制，以增加气流或者在阀故障时进行补偿。优选地，该电子控制单元根据进气阀、排气阀的操作总次数来决定要致动哪对进气阀、排气阀。优选地，该电子控制单元决定要致动哪对进气阀、排气阀，并在一定次数的制动操作之后在相应进气阀、排气阀对之间交替。
在一可选实施例中，该电子控制单元决定要致动哪组进气阀、排气阀，并在一预定的时间间隔之后切换各自的各组进气阀、排气阀。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细介绍本发明的一个典型实施例，附图中：
图1示出了一制动系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于一双轴转向架铁路车厢的制动系统示意图，包括一个供气源，其用于给第一第二通道2、3供气。各通道2、3给第一、第二制动器致动装置10、11供气，并且各具有一个进气阀4、6。各进气阀4、6连接相应的排气阀5、7，该排气阀提供到大气的出口。在通道2、3之间设有另一个气动连接8，该气动连接具有一个联接阀9，用于控制通道2和3之间的空气流动。制动器致动装置10、11给各制动汽缸BC1、BC2施加压力，各制动汽缸再对轴12、13进行制动。
该系统还具有一个电子控制单元20，用来控制进气阀4、6、排气阀5、7以及联接阀9的运转。各所述阀都具有一个计数器，该计数器记录阀的每一次操作。电子控制单元(ECU)20还接受来自各轮轴传感器的输入信号，该传感器用于检测较低的车轮对铁轨的附着程度(车轮滑动)。该ECU20还监视各制动汽缸中的实际制动压力。该铁路车辆的各车厢具有其自己的ECU，以提供一个分布式控制系统。
使用时，由于有很多个阀在运转，所以将计数器的瞬时值保存在一易失性存储器例如一RAM中。然后在将计数器的值存储在一非易失性存储器例如一EEPROM21中，其通常可最多存储一百万次写操作。由于阀的一般寿命最多能达到2亿次操作，因此要在规定的服务间隔下载数据。
ECU20将每对进气、排气阀作为独立的控制组进行独立控制，包括进气阀4和排气阀5，以及进气阀6和排气阀7。在正常的行车制动过程中，ECU20选择控制组中的一个或另一个来给制动器致动装置10、11加压或减压。联接阀9在正常操作状态下是打开的，从而使通道2和3之间的压力相等。
选择哪个控制组是由电子控制单元20决定的。这种选择是基于几个方面作出的，比如各阀组4、5和6、7的使用期间操作总次数。其它可选方面包括在阀操作一预定次数之后切换控制组，以及在进行操作的阀组中的每单次阀操作之后切换组。实际中在车辆的每次致动后切换控制组是一种可接受的折衷选择。
在检测到车轮对铁轨的附着程度较低时，例如一个轴的转动速度超过相邻轴一预定量时，ECU20就关闭联接阀9，来将所确定的低附着程度的轴隔离开。然后ECU20根据车轮滑动保护程序来操作该轴控制组的进气阀和排气阀，以恢复与铁轨的所需附着程度。WSP与正常的行车制动相比一般是增加阀操作次数，且计数器记录下增加的操作次数。
ECU20还监测各制动汽缸的实际制动压力，并将该实际制动压力与预先设定的特性值或目标值相比较。当实际制动压力与目标制动压力的差值超过一预定值时，ECU20同时操作两个并联控制组，以增加响应。这在进气阀或排气阀失效无法打开时尤其有用，因为对转向架的制动操作可以通过其它通道的其余控制组来进行控制。检测到这种故障时ECU也会记录下该故障。

Claims (8)

1.一种用在铁路车辆中的制动系统，包括在使用中用来通过第一和第二空气通道来给第一第二制动器致动装置供气的供气源，供给各致动装置的空气气压通过各自的进气阀和排气阀来控制，其中还包括另外一个阀，其在使用中用于控制各进气阀之间的空气通道中的气流，相应的进气阀、排气阀以及所述另外一个阀的致动通过一电子控制单元来进行控制，该电子控制单元具有一个计数器来计算每一个相应的进气阀和排气阀所进行的阀操作次数，其中该电子控制单元在使用中用来决定要致动哪组进气阀、排气阀来制动该铁路车辆，这至少部分地取决于相应的进气阀、排气阀所进行过的阀操作次数。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制动系统，其特征在于在使用中，该电子控制单元决定要致动哪组进气阀、排气阀，以平衡阀的磨损。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的制动系统，其特征在于该另一个阀在使用过程中被保持在打开位置上，从而使得气流可以从所述第一空气通道流到第二空气通道，或者从第二空气通道流到第一空气通道，使施加到第一第二制动器致动装置上的压力只通过相应进气阀和排气阀组之一来进行控制。
4.按照权利要求1所述的制动系统，其特征在于该另外一个阀在使用中是闭合的，从而可以对相应进气阀、排气阀组进行单独控制。
5.按照权利要求1所述的制动系统，其特征在于所述相应进气阀、排气阀组在使用中被并联控制，以增加气流或者在一个阀故障时进行补偿。
6.按照权利要求1所述的制动系统，其特征在于在使用中，该电子控制单元根据进气阀、排气阀的阀操作总次数来决定要致动哪组进气阀、排气阀。
7.按照权利要求1所述的制动系统，其特征在于该电子控制单元决定要致动哪组进气阀、排气阀，并在一定次数的制动操作之后在各组进气阀、排气阀对之间交替。
8.按照权利要求1所述的制动系统，其特征在于该电子控制单元决定要致动哪组进气阀、排气阀，并在一预定的时间间隔之后在各组进气阀、排气阀对之间交替。
CNB2004800168736A 2003-05-09 2004-05-10 铁路车辆制动控制系统 Expired - Lifetime CN100381316C (zh)

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GB0310704A GB2401413B (en) 2003-05-09 2003-05-09 Railway vehicle brake control system
GB0310704.2 2003-05-09

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CN100381316C true CN100381316C (zh) 2008-04-16

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EP (1) EP1625059B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006525907A (zh)
KR (1) KR101041506B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100381316C (zh)
AT (1) ATE517794T1 (zh)
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ITUB20152565A1 (it) * 2015-07-28 2017-01-28 Faiveley Transport Italia Spa Sistema pneumatico di frenatura per un veicolo ferroviario.
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GB2401413B (en) 2006-06-14
CN1805872A (zh) 2006-07-19
ATE517794T1 (de) 2011-08-15
WO2004098966A1 (en) 2004-11-18
ES2368143T3 (es) 2011-11-14
US8197013B2 (en) 2012-06-12
GB2401413A (en) 2004-11-10
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EP1625059A1 (en) 2006-02-15
KR101041506B1 (ko) 2011-06-16

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