CN100371693C - Individual metering method for centralized heating and special metering device - Google Patents
Individual metering method for centralized heating and special metering device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100371693C CN100371693C CNB2003101096234A CN200310109623A CN100371693C CN 100371693 C CN100371693 C CN 100371693C CN B2003101096234 A CNB2003101096234 A CN B2003101096234A CN 200310109623 A CN200310109623 A CN 200310109623A CN 100371693 C CN100371693 C CN 100371693C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an individual metering method for centralized heating and a special metering device. The individual metering method of the present invention is realized by the following steps: after collecting indoor-outdoor temperature difference T of each room arranged on a heating building, temperature difference of supplying backwater on a heating power inlet of the building and a water supplying flow rate q, a microprocessor calculates the total heat supplying power sigma P and the total heating quantity sigma V (V=S/T) of all the rooms of the building, and the results by metering the heating of individual room, individual household and the building is obtained in the principle that the sigma P and sigma V have equal value. The special metering device of the present invention is composed of the microprocessor, a temperature sensor arranged in each indoor room and outdoor place, a hot water flow sensor arranged at the heating power inlet of the heating building and a temperature sensor of supplying backwater. The present invention has the effects that the difficulties existing in charging and metering the individual room and individual household for centralized heating for a long time and commonly are effectively solved, the present invention has the advantages of high reliability of running, easy popularization and easy reconstruction of the existing centralized heating system, and the present invention is suitable for the centralized heating system of single pipe type and double pipes type as well as suitable for a central air conditioning system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a centralized heating sub-room metering method and a special metering device.
Background
The traditional heat metering charging device and method face the difficult practical difficulty of the heat metering charging of the single-pipe heating system, and the design of the centralized heating system in China at present is regulated in a legislative form (see the Ministry of civil building management, JGJ26-95, DB13 (J) 24-2000, and the like): the central heating system of newly-built residential building should (necessarily) adopt a double-pipe system, and push a temperature regulation and household heat metering device to implement heat supply metering charging. "its significant disadvantages have been exposed in the practical implementation: firstly, the double-pipe scheme has complex construction technology, more consumed materials and large occupied area; secondly, a large number of hot water meters used by each household are easy to block, a filter (which is easy to block) must be added, and the operation reliability is poor; thirdly, as the contradiction between the heat supply power consumption and the room temperature of the users is not reasonably solved, the embarrassing situation that although the heat consumption is measured by each user, each user cannot be charged faithfully according to the measurement result appears at present; fourthly, the charging problem of the user who stops using heat and other wall-adjacent relation problems cannot be processed, and the social difficulty of potential unstable reunion exists; and so on.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a centralized heating chamber-divided metering method and a special metering device which are suitable for single-pipe and double-pipe centralized heating systems and central air-conditioning systems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
1. a centralized heating sub-room metering method comprises the following steps:
(1) The input step inputs the following parameters into the microprocessor according to an initialization method: the total number M.N of the building rooms and the heating area S of each room mn Value alpha of unit thermal power P in unit time, specific heat c of hot water, and meterInitial cost floor value T 0 Absolute maximum tolerance T of the difference between the real-time value measured by one indoor temperature sensor (4) and the real-time values measured by other indoor temperature sensors 00 Absolute maximum tolerance delta of relative difference between any two indoor temperature sensors, and absolute maximum tolerance delta of relative difference between variation measured by the same indoor temperature sensor and real-time value of room temperature measured last time 0 (ii) a Starting a sampling interval delta t counter in the microprocessor (1), and resetting a time j counter;
(2) In the data acquisition step, a microprocessor acquires real-time values of various sensors on site in real time: when the collection starts, a time j counter is started firstly; the indoor temperature sensor (4) in each room and the auxiliary temperature sensor (14) in each room are sampled by roll calling through a serial bus DQ (27), and the mn th room temperature T at the j th moment is obtained jmn1 A sensor housing temperature T measured by the auxiliary temperature sensor (14) jmnc (ii) a The outdoor temperature sensors (5) of all the rooms are sampled by roll calling, and the outdoor temperature real-time value T corresponding to the j-th time is obtained jmn2 Calculating a difference value T jmn ＝T jmn1 -T jmn2 (ii) a Respectively calling and sampling a water supply temperature sensor (6) and a return water temperature sensor (7) at a thermal power inlet to obtain the water supply temperature t at the jth moment j1 Temperature t of return water j2 Calculating a difference t j ＝t j1 -t j2 (ii) a A sampling hot water flow sensor (9) acquires the hot water flow q at the j moment j ；
(3) The numerical calculation step is that the microprocessor calculates the total heat supply value X of the building according to the following equation A, B, C in turn jmn The heat value X for the j time of the mn-th housing jmn Heat value at the j-th time of k rooms of a certain householdy kjmn ：
a. Calculating the total heat supply value X of a heating building jmn The units are elements and are accumulated as time j increases:
the above formula is referred to as a floor-dividing charging equation A for short;
wherein alpha is the value of unit thermal power per unit time, yu/Ws;
c is the specific heat of hot water, J/kg DEG C;
Δ t is the sampling period, s;
t j supplying backwater temperature difference to the building, wherein the temperature is lower than the temperature of the backwater;
q j supplying water flow to the building in kg/s;
j is the total heating time, and is equal to the number of delta t in numerical value;
P j ＝c·q j ·t j
if the double-pipe heating mode is adopted,
wherein q is jmn The flow rate of the hot water entering the house is kg/s;
t jmn1 the temperature of water supply for household is DEG C;
t jmn2 the temperature of the return water to the home is DEG C;
t j ＝t jmn1 -t jmn2 ，℃；
b. calculating the heat value x for the j time of the mn-th housing jmn The units are elements and accumulate as time j increases:
if the double-pipe heating mode is adopted(B) wherein T is jmn The indoor and outdoor temperature difference of the nth household is obtained, and the calculation of the equation C is not participated;
c. calculating the total heat value y of the j time of the K mn rooms belonging to a natural household kjmn The units are elements and accumulate as time j increases:
wherein x is kjmn Measuring the charging value of the mth housing belonging to the householder K in the jth time; (4) The method comprises the following steps of:
A. and (3) judging the synchronism of any two indoor temperature sensors:
when in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
judging whether a certain temperature sensor is out of tolerance in the positive direction or in the negative direction according to the following out of tolerance state function equations D-G:
a. forward out-of-tolerance state function of first temperature sensor
b. Negative out-of-tolerance state function of first temperature sensor
c. Forward out-of-tolerance state function of second temperature sensor
d. Negative out-of-tolerance state function of second temperature sensor
The judgment principle is as follows: when function f (T) 1 + ) When the value is 1, judging that the first temperature sensor is out of tolerance in the forward direction; when function f (T) 1 - ) When the value is 0, judging the negative out-of-tolerance of the first temperature sensor; when function f (T) 2 + ) When the value is 1, judging that the positive direction of the second temperature sensor is out of tolerance; when function f (T) 2 - ) And when the value is 0, judging that the negative direction of the second temperature sensor is out of tolerance.
B. When the two indoor temperature sensors are not synchronous, the microprocessor does not make the real-time value measured by the indoor temperature sensor which has the problem participate in the calculation of the equation A, B, C, and informs the state to the administrator for processing.
The design principle of the centralized heating chamber-divided metering method is as follows: after the microprocessor collects the indoor and outdoor temperature difference T of each room in the heating building, the supply and return water temperature difference T and the supply and return water flow q at the thermal inlet of the building, the total heating power sigma P of one building and the total heating quantity sigma V (V = S.T) of each room are calculated, and under the principle that sigma P and sigma V are equal, each result of heating measurement of each room, each household and each building is obtained. Therefore, this method is simply referred to as PV equivalent method.
2. The special device for realizing the method of the invention comprises the following steps: the intelligent control system comprises a microprocessor, a bus driver, a keyboard control port, a standby power supply, indoor temperature sensors arranged in each room, outdoor temperature sensors arranged outside each corresponding room, a hot water flow sensor arranged at a heating power inlet, a water supply temperature sensor and a return water temperature sensor; data terminal DQ and power terminal V of each indoor temperature sensor, each corresponding outdoor temperature sensor, water supply temperature sensor, backwater temperature sensor and hot water flow sensor DD And the ground wire end GND is respectively connected to the serial data bus, the power bus and the ground bus; the serial data bus is connected with the universal serial port (R) of the microprocessor through a bus driver x 、T x ) Upper, port P of microprocessor 2.2 A control end 1 pin of the bus driver is connected; p of keyboard control interface connected with microprocessor 2.0 The port and standby power supply is connected with the P of the microprocessor 2.1 And (4) a mouth.
The device also includes printing control port, information remote transmission control port, IC card reading control port, memory expansion port and display control port, all the ports are respectively connected with parallel data bus DBUS and address of microprocessorOn bus ABUS, address bus ABUS is connected with P of microprocessor through address latch 0 And (4) a mouth.
The indoor temperature sensors in each room, the outdoor temperature sensors corresponding to each room, the water supply temperature sensors, the water return temperature sensors and the hot water flow sensors are all serial digital sensors.
The device also comprises auxiliary temperature sensors arranged in each room, the auxiliary temperature sensors and the indoor temperature sensors are arranged in a shell, the temperature sensing surfaces of the auxiliary temperature sensors are contacted with the inner surface of the shell, the indoor temperature sensors are positioned in the middle of the shell, the shell is a double-layer shell with holes, and the holes on the outer layer and the holes on the inner layer are staggered; data end DQ and power supply V of auxiliary temperature sensor DD And the ground terminal GND is respectively connected to the serial data bus, the power bus and the ground bus.
The number of indoor temperature sensors in each living room is more than 1.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention realizes the metering and charging of the centralized heating system in different rooms, different households and different buildings at the same time, and the method is very simple and easy to implement. For a building, only one hot water meter and a plurality of thermometers (namely, a digital single-bus system temperature sensor) are needed, and the operation reliability is greatly improved.
(2) If the heating and cooling power is generally referred to as thermal power, the present invention is applicable to a single-pipe heating system, a double-pipe heating system, a central air conditioner, and the like. Especially, the metering and charging reconstruction of the single-pipe heating system of the old building in different rooms, different households and different buildings is easy to realize, the cost is low, the occupied area is small, and the technology is simple.
(3) The invention does not need to measure the number of the heat consumption of each house and each household to the bottom, thus allowing each house and each household to regulate and control the room temperature by any non-quantitative means, improving the living quality and promoting the energy conservation.
(4) The invention is also applicable when heat exchange considerations with wall-adjacent dwellings are taken into account. Because, room temperature T is generated mn1 Thermal power P of mn Contains a thermal power component flowing from the wall adjacent to the cell to the mn-th cell. This means that the separate charging equation B is also applicable to rooms in which the radiator circuit is closed without people. Due to the fact thatThis housing also pays for the heat usage by conduction from the wall adjacent housing as per equation B. This is both fair and reasonable and is beneficial to the stable society. Meanwhile, when the radiator of the own house is closed, the radiator can be randomly turned off at any time and any place, and no management department is needed to manage the radiator, so that the radiator is convenient for people and people.
(5) The invention is also suitable for outdoor climate change. This is because not only the indoor and outdoor temperature difference terms include the external environment temperature, but also the coefficients in the billing equation are on-line values, and the values include the wind direction, the weather factors such as sunny, rainy and snowy weather. For example, when the climate is bad, the energy consumption is large and the charge is large; when the climate becomes good, the energy consumption is low, and the energy is saved.
(6) The invention makes the device integrating heat supply heat metering and charging become extremely simple, and only one device is needed in one building, as shown in figure 1. (in principle, it is also possible to use one such device for a heating district, but taking into account the effect of the imbalance in the piping arrangement, preferably one floor to one meter)
(7) The main parameter room temperature T for charging calculation of the invention jmn Is a physical quantity with a large degree of relativity, so the requirements on measuring point selection of the room temperature sensor and absolute accuracy of the room temperature sensor are relatively reduced, and the measuring point and the absolute accuracy of the room temperature sensor are relatively reducedThe basic requirements of related national standard specification JGJ32-200 can be met in precision, and the method undoubtedly provides great flexibility for the heating metering transformation of rooms to be finished and finished.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a dedicated metering device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the procedure of the centralized heating room-by-room metering method of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for regulating and controlling room temperature by using a constant-bore three-way valve.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a method for controlling room temperature by changing the material to cover the area of the heat sink.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary temperature sensor 14 assembled with the indoor temperature sensor 4.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the T-T function when the indoor temperature sensor 4 and the auxiliary temperature sensor 14 are out of synchronism.
Detailed Description
1. The invention relates to a specific implementation mode of a centralized heating compartment metering method, which comprises the following steps:
1. selecting single-pipe or double-pipe heating (taking a single pipe as an example), and setting parameters as follows: specific heat c of hot water and charging starting bottom line value T 0 Building specification parameter M, N and heating area parameter S mn Value alpha of unit time unit heat power, and maximum absolute value margin T of difference between indoor temperature sensors in the same room 00 Setting tolerance upper limit values delta and delta between any two indoor temperature sensors 0 . When the fixed data sampling period Δ T timer and the sampling number counter J are started, the microprocessor 1 respectively collects the indoor temperature T of the mn th housing at the J th time from the indoor temperature sensor 4, the auxiliary temperature sensor 14 and the outdoor temperature sensor 5 in fig. 1 jmn1 The temperature T of the sensor shell measured by the auxiliary temperature transmitter 14 jmnc External temperature T jmn2 And calculating a difference value T jmn ＝T jmn1 -T jmn2 (ii) a The water supply temperature t at the heating building thermal inlet at the j moment is acquired from a water supply temperature sensor 6 and a water return temperature sensor 7 in the attached figure 1 respectively j1 Temperature t of return water j2 And calculating the difference t j ＝t j1 -t j2 (ii) a The hot water flow q is collected from the hot water flow sensor 9 in fig. 1 j 。
2. Substituting the real-time data acquired at the jth moment into the following equation to calculate the value X of the total heat supply quantity of the building at the jth moment jmn The units are elements, and are accumulated:
the above equation may be referred to as a floor-sharing charging equation a.
Wherein alpha is the value of unit thermal power per unit time, yu/Ws;
c is the specific heat of hot water, J/kg DEG C;
Δ t is the sampling period, s;
t j supplying backwater temperature difference to the building, wherein the temperature is lower than the temperature of the backwater;
q j supplying water flow to the building in kg/s;
j is the total heating time, and is equal to the number of delta t in numerical value;
P j ＝c·q j ·t j
if the double-pipe heating mode is adopted,
wherein q is jmn The flow rate of hot water entering a house is kg/s;
t jmn1 the temperature of water supply for household is DEG C;
t jmn2 for the temperature of return water to home，℃；
t j ＝t jmn1 -t jmn2 ，℃。
3. Calculating the heat value x for the j time of the mn-th housing jmn The units are elements, and are accumulated:
the above equation may be referred to as the chambered charging equation B for short.
Wherein S is mn The heating area of the nth housing is shown; t is jmn -T 0 If the number is less than 0, the user does not participate in the calculation and accumulation of the formulas (B) and (C), and the microprocessor 1 transfers the management department to perform corresponding processing; when the double-pipe heating mode is adopted, (B) type middle T jmn Is the indoor and outdoor temperature difference of the nth household and does not participate in the calculation of the formula (C).
T 0 The arrangement of (1) is that the contribution of other natural performance sources except heating power to the room temperature T, such as geothermal heat, lighting, domestic electricity, life and life chemical heat, can be obtained in all the rooms, so as to generate additional heating. The central heating management department can refer to relevant national specifications, such as GBJ19-87, at T 0 Is selected according to the principle that both heat supply and heat consumption can be accepted within the range of 0-5 ℃.
4. Calculating the heat value y for the j time of a natural household with K rooms kjmn The units are elements, and are accumulated:
wherein x is kjmn And measuring the charging value for the mn-th housing belonging to the householder K in the sub-housing at the j moment.
The above equation may be referred to as the household charging equation C.
And (4) repeating the steps by taking the time j as a parameter until the heating season is finished, and obtaining the heat consumption metering results of each residence, each household and the whole building for centralized heating from each accumulated result.
5. According to the method shown in FIG. 6, the real-time room temperatures 39 (T) were compared jmn ) And a corresponding real-time shell temperature 40 (t) jmnc ) Then, it is judged whether 39 (T) has occurred jmn ) And 40 (t) jmn ) Out-of-synchronization (including comparing whether real-time values measured by any two other indoor temperature sensors 4 in the same room are out of synchronization), and if so, finding that the absolute value of the difference between the real-time value measured by one indoor temperature sensor 4 in the same room and the real-time values of the other indoor temperature sensors 4 in the same room is greater than or equal to the maximum tolerance T of the allowable error 00 When the indoor temperature sensor is in a fault state or in a man-made invasion state, the microprocessor 1 can process the indoor temperature sensor according to the prearrangement and does not participate in the current room temperature T jmn1 When the indoor temperature sensor returns to normal, the indoor temperature sensor can still participate in T again jmn1 The average value calculation process of (1).
A specific method of determining the operating states of any two indoor temperature sensors in the same room (i.e., a method of determining the synchronization between the two, which is also applicable to the determination of the operating states between the indoor temperature sensor 4 and the auxiliary temperature sensor 14) will be described below.
Next, some specific descriptions are made on the following discriminants, and the basic idea is as follows: let Δ T 1 、 ΔT 2 Is that two indoor temperature sensors are opposite to last measured value T j1 、T j2 Increment of (2), last value of two increments Δ T 10 、ΔT 20 The ratio of is DeltaT 10 /ΔT 20 ＝a 12 Then formula
The method characterizes the magnitude of the relative variation of the detected values of the two indoor temperature sensors, if the magnitude of the newly calculated relative variation exceeds the maximum allowable variation upper limit value delta specified in advance by a management department, one of the two indoor temperature sensors is considered to have an error, and the error state can be realized by using a standard symbol function
Are described uniquely. Wherein the meaning of the sign function sig () is: when the value of expression () is greater than 1, i.e., () > 1, function value sig () =1; when () ≦ 0, the function value sig () =0. Thus, if the above is mentioned
The fact that one of the two indoor temperature sensors has an error is expressed;
if it is
The fact that there is no error between the two indoor temperature sensors is expressed. Thus, this equation can be regarded as a starting condition for performing the following specific determination: once this condition occurs, the values of the following decision equations (D) - (G) need to be calculated to determine which room temperature sensor has failed and what polarity the failure has. For example, when the error condition is satisfied, if the lower criterion (D) = f (T) 1 + ) If =1, it indicates that the indoor temperature sensor has a forward over-tolerance process, and the discriminant (E) = f (T) 1 - ) =0, this indicates the chamberThe internal temperature sensor generates a negative over-tolerance process; if the lower discriminant (F) = F (T) 1 + ) If the signal is not less than 1, the positive out-of-tolerance process of the other indoor temperature sensor is indicated; discriminant (G) = f (T) 1 - ) And if the value is not less than 0, the negative out-of-tolerance process of the other indoor temperature sensor is indicated.
In the following discriminant,for example, in the formula (D), sig (| Δ T) is introduced 2 |)、sig(|T 10 I) is to prevent various divergences with denominators; sig (| Δ T) 1 /T 10 |-δ 0 ) Is the error state judgment formula of the first indoor temperature sensor, wherein, delta 0 Is a relative change amount | Δ T 1 /T 10 | maximum allowed value; sig (Delta T) 1 /T 10 -δ 0 ) Is the error direction discriminant of the first indoor temperature sensor, wherein, delta 0 The meaning of the above formula is the same. The meanings of the other discriminators are similar to those of the formula (D), and are not repeated.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Forward out-of-tolerance state function of first indoor temperature sensor
(2) Negative over-tolerance state function of first indoor temperature sensor
(3) Forward out-of-tolerance state function of second indoor temperature sensor
(4) Negative over-tolerance state function of second indoor temperature sensor
2. The specific implementation mode of the special equipment of the invention is as follows:
the whole system of the centralized heating sub-room metering device is shown in the attached figure 1. Take a building with single-pipe tandem heating as an example. M vertical water supply pipelines are arranged in the building, and N rooms are connected in series in each pipeline. For double tubeThe system is equivalent to that the building is internally provided with M vertically arranged housing strings, and N layers are formed in total. Wherein an indoor temperature sensor 4 (including an auxiliary temperature sensor 14, see also FIG. 6) is respectively disposed in each room of the building to obtain an indoor temperature T jmn1 A real-time value of (c); the outdoor temperature sensors 5 are respectively arranged outside the housing so as to acquire the corresponding outdoor temperature T jmn2 The number of outdoor temperature sensors 5 may be suitably smaller than the number of indoor temperature sensors 4, depending on the actual situation. When the heating is carried out in a double-pipe heating mode, the number of the hot water flow sensors 9 arranged at the thermal inlet of the centralized heating building is increased to one for each household so as to obtain the hot water flow q of each household mn Detecting the temperature t of the supplied water j1 Water supply temperature sensor 6 and detection backwater temperature t j2 When the backwater temperature sensor 7 is in a double-pipe heating mode, the quantity of the backwater temperature sensors is increased to one for each household, and the water supply temperature t of each household is respectively obtained mn1 Temperature t of return water mn2 The value is obtained.
The special device comprises a microprocessor 1, a bus driver 17, a keyboard control port 2, a standby power supply 15, indoor temperature sensors 4 arranged in each room, outdoor temperature sensors 5 arranged outside each corresponding room, a hot water flow sensor 9 arranged at a heating power inlet of a heating building, a water supply temperature sensor 6 and a return water temperature sensor 7; data end DQ and power end V of indoor temperature sensor 4, outdoor temperature sensor 5, water supply temperature sensor 6, water return temperature sensor 7 and hot water flow sensor 9 DD And ground terminal GND are respectively connected to serial data bus 27, power bus 26 and ground bus 28; the serial data bus 27 is connected to a universal serial port (R) of the microprocessor 1 via a bus driver 17 x 、T x ) Upper, port P of microprocessor 1 2.2A control end 1 pin connected with the bus driver 17; the keyboard control port 2 is connected with P of the microprocessor 1 2.0 The standby power supply 15 is connected with the P of the microprocessor 1 2.1 And (4) a mouth.
It also includes printing control port 10, information remote transmission control port 11, IC card reading control port 12, memory expansion port 13 and display control port16, the interfaces are respectively connected with a parallel data bus DBUS18 and an address bus ABUS19 of the microprocessor 1, and the address bus ABUS19 is connected with the P of the microprocessor 1 through an address latch 52 0 And (4) a mouth.
The indoor temperature sensor 4, the outdoor temperature sensor 5, the water supply temperature sensor 6, the backwater temperature sensor 7 and the hot water flow sensor 9 are all serial digital sensors.
The temperature-sensing device also comprises auxiliary temperature sensors 14 arranged in each room, wherein the auxiliary temperature sensors 14 and the indoor temperature sensors 4 are arranged in a shell 24, the temperature-sensing surfaces of the auxiliary temperature sensors 14 are in contact with the inner surface of the shell 24, the indoor temperature sensors 4 are positioned in the middle of the shell 24, the shell 24 is a double-layer shell with holes, and the holes 25 in the outer layer and the holes 50 in the inner layer 51 are staggered; data terminal DQ and power supply V of auxiliary temperature sensor 14 DD And ground terminals GND are connected to serial data bus 27, power bus 26 and ground bus 28, respectively.
In FIG. 5, the temperature sensing surface of the auxiliary temperature sensor 14 is closely thermally coupled to the inner surface of the thermally conductive housing 24 to measure the temperature 40 (t) of the housing in real time jmnc ). The temperature sensor has the following advantages: when there is not equal to the room temperature 39 (T) jmn ) When the object(s) is in contact with the housing 24 having good heat conductivity, the detected housing temperature 40 (t) jmnc ) Will be as shown in FIG. 6, shell temperature 40 (t) jmnc ) Specific room temperature of 39 (T) jmn1 ) The change speed is fast, and the microprocessor can find the existence of illegal interference to the operation of the indoor temperature sensor or the indoor temperature sensor 4 is in a fault state when comparing that the two do not synchronously change any more in time, and then the management department processes the signals according to the preset regulation. The method is also suitable for judging the working states of other two indoor temperature sensors in the same living room, thereby improving the reliability of detecting the room temperature by the indoor temperature sensors.
The method for controlling the temperature of each room by each household is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the method for controlling the room temperature may be very simple, and the method shown in fig. 3 is an example. A constant-path three-way regulating valve 32 is added to a pipe 31 of a water supply pipe 29 leading to a radiator 30 in a housing, and a pipe 33 at the other outlet of the valve 32 is joined to a main return pipe 35 together with a radiator pipe 34. The room temperature can be controlled by arbitrarily adjusting the opening of the valve 32. Another method for regulating room temperature is shown in fig. 4: the radiator 36 is covered with a material 37 which is heat-resistant, soft and poor in heat conduction, and room temperature control can be achieved only by changing the size of the area covered by the material 37 on the radiator 36.
For the heating reconstruction of the built building, the number of the indoor temperature sensors 4 in each living room can be reduced, for example, 1 indoor temperature sensor can be arranged near the vertical water supply pipe, so that the wiring pipeline of the newly added indoor temperature sensor generated in the reconstruction can be arranged along the water supply pipeline, and the reconstruction of the old building is facilitated. If a building is newly built, the number of the indoor temperature sensors 4 in each living room can be more, and is optimally 3 (note that 6 indoor temperature sensors are contained, and obviously too many indoor temperature sensors are not suitable), and the indoor temperature sensors are arranged at a plurality of top corners in each living room; the newly-added indoor temperature sensor distribution pipelines can be flexibly arranged in rows.
For a system with more than 2 indoor temperature sensors 4 in each housing, the average value can be obtained to improve the indoor temperature value T jmn1 Besides the objectivity of (a), it is obvious to have the characteristics of system redundancy, namely: if any one of the indoor temperature sensors is out of order or is invaded by human, the microprocessor 1 can remove the indoor temperature sensor 4 with problems and perform other management processing, such as timely maintenance and the like, according to the arrangement in advance. And the rest indoor temperature sensors can still ensure that the system works as usual, thereby being beneficial to improving the reliability of the system. From this point of view, it is preferable to take 2 indoor temperature sensors 4 for each living room, 1 for the old building, and 2-3 for the new building. When one of the two conditions occurs, the indoor temperature sensor 4 in the failure state does not participate in the current T jmn1 An average value calculation process of (1); when the indoor temperature is transmittedWhen the sensor 4 returns to normal, it can participate in T again jmn1 The average value calculation process of (1).
The used indoor temperature sensors 4 are all arranged in the space of the stagnant layer which is near the ceiling of each room and does not influence the normal activities of people and has stable airflow, and the optimal space range is as follows: the distance from the ceiling of the housing to the lower part is 100mm-350mm, and the installation positions of the indoor temperature sensors 4 of all the housings are consistent. For a reconstructed building modifier which selects only one indoor temperature sensor in each room 2, a wiring pipe of the indoor temperature sensor 4 can be arranged along a vertical water supply and return pipe, and the indoor temperature sensor 4 is arranged in the space of the stagnant layer by taking the wiring pipe as an installation platform; for a newly built building with 3 indoor temperature sensors selected for each room, the indoor temperature sensors 4 can be respectively arranged near the top corners of the room where the 3 airflows are relatively stable and in the stagnant layer space.
Claims (6)
1. A centralized heating sub-room metering method is characterized in that:
(1) And the input step inputs the following parameters into the microprocessor according to an initialization method: the total number M.N of the rooms in the building and the heating area S of each room mn Value alpha of unit thermal power P per unit time, specific heat c of hot water, and charge start baseline value T 0 Absolute maximum tolerance T of the difference between the real-time value measured by one indoor temperature sensor (4) and the real-time values measured by other indoor temperature sensors 00 Absolute maximum tolerance delta of relative difference between any two indoor temperature sensors, absolute maximum tolerance delta of relative difference between variation measured by the same indoor temperature sensor and real-time value of room temperature measured last time 0 (ii) a Starting a sampling interval delta t counter in the microprocessor (1), and resetting a time j counter;
(2) In the data acquisition step, a microprocessor acquires real-time values of various sensors on site in real time: starting time is first when collection is startedA j counter; the indoor temperature sensor (4) in each room and the auxiliary temperature sensor (14) in each room are sampled by roll calling through a serial bus DQ (27), and the mn th room temperature T at the j th moment is obtained jmn1 A sensor housing temperature T measured by the auxiliary temperature sensor (14) jmnc (ii) a The outdoor temperature sensor (5) of each living room is sampled by roll calling, and the outdoor temperature real-time value T corresponding to the j-th time is obtained jmn2 Calculating a difference value T jmn ＝ T jmn1 -T jmn2 (ii) a Respectively calling and sampling a water supply temperature sensor (6) and a return water temperature sensor (7) at a thermal power inlet to obtain the water supply temperature t at the jth moment j1 Temperature t of return water j2 Calculating a difference t j ＝t j1 -t j2 (ii) a A sampling hot water flow sensor (9) acquires the hot water flow q at the j moment j ；
(3) The numerical calculation step is that the microprocessor calculates the total heat supply value X of the building according to the following equation A, B, C in turn jmn Heat value x for the jth time of the mn-th apartment jmn The j-th time of k rooms of a certain household uses the heat value y kjmn ：
a. Calculating the total heat supply value X of a heating building jmn The unit is a unit and advances with increasing time jAnd (3) row accumulation:
the above formula is referred to as a floor-dividing charging equation A for short;
wherein alpha is the value of unit thermal power per unit time, yu/Ws;
c is the specific heat of hot water, J/kg DEG C;
Δ t is the sampling period, s;
t j supplying backwater temperature difference to the building, wherein the temperature is lower than the temperature of the backwater;
q j supplying water flow to the building in kg/s;
j is the total heating time, and is equal to the number of delta t in numerical value;
P j ＝c·q j ·t j
if the double-pipe heating mode is adopted,
wherein q is jmn The flow rate of the hot water entering the house is kg/s;
t jmn1 the temperature of water supply for household is DEG C;
t jmn2 the temperature of the return water to the home is DEG C;
t j ＝t jmn1 -t jmn2 ，℃；
b. calculating the heat value x for the j time of the mn-th housing jmn The units are elements and accumulate as time j increases:
if the double-pipe heating mode is adopted, (B) type middle T jmn Is the indoor and outdoor temperature difference of the mn-th household and does not participate inCalculating an equation C;
c. calculating the total heat value y of the j time of the K mn rooms belonging to a natural household kjmn The units are elements and accumulate as time j increases:
wherein x is kjmn Measuring the charge value of the mth room belonging to the householder K in the jth time in the separate room;
(4) The method comprises the following steps of (1) judging and processing the synchronism among indoor temperature sensors:
in the following step a, the symbols in the respective formulae have the following meanings:
ΔT 1 : is that the first indoor temperature sensor is in relation to the last measured value T 1 An increment of (d);
ΔT 2 : is the second room temperatureSensor with respect to last measured value T 2 The increment of (d); a is 12 ＝ΔT 10 /ΔT 20 ，ΔT 10 、ΔT 20 Are respectively Delta T 1 、ΔT 2 The last value;
sig (): for symbolic functions, sig () =1 when the value in parentheses is > 1, and sig () =1 when the value in parentheses is
Sig () =0;
A. and (3) judging the synchronism of any two indoor temperature sensors:
when in use
Time of flight
Judging whether a certain indoor temperature sensor is in positive over-tolerance or negative over-tolerance according to the following over-tolerance state function equation D-G:
a. forward out-of-tolerance state function of first indoor temperature sensor
b. Negative out-of-tolerance state function of first indoor temperature sensor
c. Forward out-of-tolerance state function of second indoor temperature sensor
d. Negative over-tolerance state function of second indoor temperature sensor
The judgment principle is as follows: when function f (T) 1 + ) When the value is 1Judging the positive out-of-tolerance of the first indoor temperature sensor; when function f (T) 1 - ) When the value is 0, judging the negative over-tolerance of the first indoor temperature sensor; when function f (T) 2 + ) When the value is 1, judging that the forward direction of the second indoor temperature sensor is out of tolerance; when function f (T) 2 - ) When the value is 0, judging the negative over-tolerance of the second indoor temperature sensor;
B. when the two indoor temperature sensors are not synchronous, the microprocessor does not make the real-time value measured by the indoor temperature sensor with the problem participate in the calculation of the equation A, B, C, and informs the state to the administrator for processing.
2. A special metering device of a centralized heating separate-room metering method is characterized by comprising a microprocessor (1), a bus driver (17), a keyboard control port (2), a standby power supply (15), indoor temperature sensors (4) arranged in all rooms, outdoor temperature sensors (5) arranged outside all corresponding rooms, a hot water flow sensor (9) arranged at a heating power inlet, a water supply temperature sensor (6) and a return water temperature sensor (7); indoor temperature sensors (4) in each room, outdoor temperature sensors (5) in each corresponding room, and air supplyData end DQ and power end V of water temperature sensor (6), backwater temperature sensor (7) and hot water flow sensor (9) DD And a ground terminal GND is respectively connected to a serial data bus (27), a power bus (26) and a ground bus (28); the serial data bus (27) is connected with a universal serial port (R) of the microprocessor (1) through a bus driver (17) x 、T x ) Upper, port P of microprocessor (1) 2.2 A control end 1 pin of a bus driver (17) is connected; the keyboard control port (2) is connected with the P of the microprocessor (1) 2.0 The port and standby power supply (15) is connected with the P of the microprocessor (1) 2.1 And (4) a mouth.
3. A special metering device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a printing control port (10), an information remote transmission control port (11), an IC card reading control port (12),A memory expansion port (13) and a display control port (16), wherein the ports are respectively connected with a parallel data bus DBUS (18) and an address bus ABUS (19) of the microprocessor (1), and the address bus ABUS (19) is connected with P of the microprocessor (1) through an address latch (52) 0 And (4) a mouth.
4. A special metering device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the indoor temperature sensor (4) in each room, the outdoor temperature sensor (5) in each corresponding room, the supply water temperature sensor (6), the return water temperature sensor (7) and the hot water flow sensor (9) are serial digital sensors.
5. The special metering device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the special metering device further comprises auxiliary temperature sensors (14) arranged in the chambers, the auxiliary temperature sensors (14) and the indoor temperature sensors (4) are arranged in a shell (24), the temperature sensing surfaces of the auxiliary temperature sensors (14) are contacted with the inner surface of the shell (24), the indoor temperature sensors (4) are positioned in the middle of the shell (24), the shell (24) is a double-layer shell with holes, and the holes (25) on the outer layer and the holes (50) on the inner layer (51) are mutually staggered; data end DQ and power supply V of auxiliary temperature sensor (14) DD And a ground terminal GND is respectively connected to a serial data bus (27), a power bus (26) and a ground bus (28).
6. A dedicated metering device according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of indoor temperature sensors (4) per dwelling room is more than 1.
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| CN100356140C (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-12-19 | 郑州春泉暖通节能设备有限公司 | Equivalent energy charging method for central air conditioner metering fee |
| CN100460818C (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2009-02-11 | 辽宁环佳高科节能技术工程有限公司 | Split heat supply temperature-control charging device and heat fee calculation method |
| CN101290252B (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2010-09-08 | 北京众力德邦智能机电科技有限公司 | User heating caloric metering system |
| CN101368853B (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2010-12-22 | 北京众力德邦智能机电科技有限公司 | Method for measuring heat quantity for user heating based on flux temperature coefficient |
| WO2009135354A1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Chen Chihchen | Method for calculating a central air-conditioning use proportion of each user |
| CN101900373A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-01 | 北京海林自控设备有限公司 | Heating metering control method and system |
| CN103323149B (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-02-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heat metering method based on household radiator heat distribution meter method realization heating system and heat metering system thereof |
| CN103398417B (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2016-02-10 | 刘振 | Calculate and control method based on the heat death theory control system of indoor/outdoor temperature-difference and heat sharing |
| CN108627209B (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2020-04-07 | 北京华电滢欣科技有限公司 | Water consumption metering method, water consumption meter and water consumption billing system |
| CN112964398A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-15 | 吉林嘉润热力集团有限公司 | Household heat user heat metering method adopting reference room temperature |
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