CN100356140C - Equivalent energy charging method for central air conditioner metering fee - Google Patents

Equivalent energy charging method for central air conditioner metering fee Download PDF

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CN100356140C
CN100356140C CNB2005100179065A CN200510017906A CN100356140C CN 100356140 C CN100356140 C CN 100356140C CN B2005100179065 A CNB2005100179065 A CN B2005100179065A CN 200510017906 A CN200510017906 A CN 200510017906A CN 100356140 C CN100356140 C CN 100356140C
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air conditioner
central air
energy
fan coil
produces effect
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CN1749697A (en
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杨东
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ZHENGZHOU CHUNQUAN ENERGY-SAVING CO., LTD.
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ZHENGZHOU CHUNQUAN HVAC ENERGY-SAVING EQUIPMENT CO LTD
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a metering charging method for a central air conditioner, particularly to an equivalent energy charging method for a central air conditioner, namely that in any charging period of a charging zone of the central air conditioner, the expense is charged on the basis of the ratio of the effective energy W (branch) consumed by each fan coil of the user end of the central air conditioner to the total effective energy W (total) consumed by all fan coils of the central air conditioner in the zone in a cumulative way, and the total expense of the central air conditioner in the zone is shared. The present invention has the advantages that the total expense of the central air conditioner is proportionally shared according to the effective energy as the equivalent value so as to well eliminate the variation between a general meter and a branched meter at directly measuring time, solve the problem of the expense share of the central air conditioner in the public zone, and avoid the secondary share of the public zone at directly measuring time; the present invention realizes fairness, scientificalness and rationality of the central air conditioner as far as possible, is favorable for improving the consciousness of energy saving and environmental protection for users, and has long society comprehensive benefit.

Description

The equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage
One, technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of computing method of air-conditioning meterage, particularly relate to a kind of central air conditioner when the energy charging method.
Two; background technology: traditional air conditioning charging method; be to share charge by area; establishment along with socialist market economy system; goods providers and consumer are a pair of interests commensals; obviously there is huge drawback by the area charge; do not ensure most of users' rights and interests, don't work need not, it is many with few to don't work; all must charge by area; the lighter causes estate management and owner's contradiction, influences social relationships, if things go on like this; the situation that will definitely cause the blindness interests to unrealistically compare; cause huge energy dissipation, be unfavorable for environmental protection, and energy shortage at present; environmental pollution is most of developing countries problems to be solved of killing; especially China; have a large population, resource is few, therefore; at present emerging office block; commercial mansion; in the central air conditioner applications such as high-grade office room and residential houses; new central air conditioner metering method and product have occurred, energy " commercialization ", charge according to quantity are the basic demands of market economy.Central air conditioner will be realized charge according to quantity, and corresponding measurement instrument and metering method must be arranged, and by the difference of metering method, the charge measurement instrument of central air conditioner can be divided into direct metering and measure two kinds of forms indirectly at present.
Directly the central air conditioner measurement instrument of metering form mainly is an energy meter.At present, this a kind of measurement instrument of energy meter of only in heating installation metering in nearly 2 years, growing up of the metering of everybody central air conditioner of recognizing.Because of the huge temperature difference of heating installation and the little temperature difference of central air conditioner exist than big difference, so the energy meter (degree of accuracy 3-95 ℃) that metering heating installation is used can not satisfy measuring accuracy (0.5 ℃) requirement of central air conditioner.And energy meter cost too high (minimum model DN20 just about 1000 yuan), need in the application design of air conditioning is made change, easily cause thermometric to be forbidden to cause personal error in the installation, water quality requirement to central air conditioner system is higher, take place dirty stifled in the use easily, fault such as make moist, the application of these all unfavorable what energy meters.
According to conservation of energy principle, central air conditioner equates with energy variation amount in its medium the heat exchange amount in space, energy meter is realized quantification to central air conditioner by the direct energy variation amount of metering central air conditioner medium (chilled water), and its principle of work is to calculate thermodynamics formula Q=∫ c Δ TV=∫ c (T2-T1) qt according to the heat-exchange power of material.(energy meter) is made up of the flowmeter of band signal output, two temperature sensors and energy integrating instrument three parts, it is by instantaneous delivery, the temperature difference in certain system of metering central air conditioner medium (chilled water), the heat exchange amount of calculating system by energy integrating instrument integrating meter.
This central air conditioner charging way principle is clear and definite, visual result, and easily what is understood.It will measure a plurality of parameters by what, the little temperature difference environment of the big flow of central air conditioner system particularly, accuracy requirement to the temperature difference of energy meter is higher, so its production cost is higher, change the system design of central air conditioner simultaneously and require water quality, generally adopt to be restricted, so, though realize at present the billing technology comparative maturity of central air conditioner, too high and the good and consumption side acceptance of its application cost by businessman with energy meter.Mainly be used in the central air conditioner charging of layering, subregion.
Can't be accepted by the user with application inconvenience because of price is high direct charging of central air conditioner, occur some again and seemed simple, cheap indirect charging method.Such as the metering of: ammeter, hot water gauge metering and end switch time-based charging method etc. not.Ammeter charges and charges as user's air-conditioning consumption foundation by the power consumption of the air conditioning terminal of ammeter metering user; As by the ammeter meterage: the refrigeration host computer in the central air conditioner system, water pump, pipeline all could not adorned! As long as electricity is arranged, the user opens the indoor fan coil pipe, just must meterage! Even the air-conditioner host of center of energy does not move or does not simply have an air-conditioner host, as long as user's air conditioning terminal is opened charging is all arranged, hot water gauge charges and charges as user's air-conditioning consumption foundation by the air conditioning terminal water consumption of hot water gauge metering user, according to said method: the water pump, pipeline, indoor fan coil pipe that only need to be equipped with water system in the central air conditioner system just, what refrigeration host computer, fan coil power supply can, starting the water pump hot water gauge just has meterage!
Therefore, no matter hot water gauge, ammeter carry out the meterage of central air conditioner, all can not really react the essence of air-conditioning " amount ", what of the energy (heat exchange amount) that consumes are " amount " that count of central air conditioner be, occurring this obviously is that unreasonable fantastic result also is the certainty phenomenon.
Charge at water meter, ammeter charges under this temporary transient situation about adopting of having among obviously unkind and irrigational and helpless again, seek a kind of meet domestic central air conditioner applicable cases and economical and practical again central air conditioner meterage method become knowledgeable people in the industry unremitting pursue, by the most familiar seemingly a kind of preferred plan of time charge of people, yet find out in the relation of time and central air conditioner " amount " and " matter ", the personage of some electron trade class origin is oversimplified, do not catch the essence of central air conditioner " amount ", what measure only is the time quantum that central air conditioner is not held the fan coil switch, the inevitable outcome that but can not essence guarantees this " time quantum " and central air conditioner " cold ", carry out the central air conditioner charge by this " time quantum " and got back to again, do not have main frame or system strange thing with regard to meterage as long as move fan coil! Fall and water meter measurement, the same condition of ammeter charging,
" amount " that central air conditioner will measure be neither the water yield, neither electric weight, and more or not time quantum, but the variable quantity of the energy that carries in the central air conditioner WATER AS FLOW MEDIUM (cold or heat).
The central air conditioner meterage is exactly the commercialization with central air conditioner " energy ", and the price of commodity depends on " matter " and external " amount " of the inherence of commodity, and this charging way has only been measured external " amount " of central air conditioner end, " matter " of but having ignored the central air conditioner inherence, " using cold " that user's air-conditioning does not hold use " power consumption ", " water consumption " not to wait the what user to be consumed, so unreasonable result occurred, also must cause charging dissension; Thereby this central air conditioner charging way is eliminated also reasonable by market.
The patent " state time type central air conditioner taximeter " of having declared according to us, ' CFP series central air conditioner charge system ' (the timing type produces effect) that " central air conditioner taximeter " technology is produced, application actual conditions according to central air conditioner, at first detect the supply water temperature of central air conditioner, only at supply water temperature greater than 40 ℃ (heating) or just timing under less than 12 ℃ of (refrigeration) situations (guaranteeing that central air conditioner " produces effect "), detect the motorized valve state (valveless think often open) of fan coil and fan condition (guaranteeing that the user is in " use ") then and carry out timing (metering be " producing effect " service time of user's fan coil), the product that calculates the heat exchange power of " producing effect " time and each gear of central air conditioner fan coil draws the variable of user's fan coil.
But this only is a preliminary data, and must utilize accounting management software serves as that the basis reasonably calculates the paying ratio of " working as energy " in rule of the present invention with these data, could be as the foundation of charging.
The energy that cold and hot scale mode consumes with the user is shared the operating cost of central air conditioning main frame, does not consider operating load and result of use, obviously is unfair; Also owing to do not relate to the essence metering of central air conditioner, the metering result can not really react the consumption of actual central air conditioner certainly for ammeter metering method in addition, water meter measurement mode and end switch time measurement mode.So the current domestic product of obtaining the legal authentication of central air conditioner energy meter has only energy meter and CFP series central air conditioner charge system, but the central air conditioner measuring products has been arranged, realize the use as required of central air conditioner, household metering, must solve the problem of how to charge, because still there is different understanding in concrete charge method, how rationally to share the central air conditioner operating cost? the present invention has carried out new exploitation in this field.
Three, summary of the invention:
Technical matters to be solved by this invention: at current central air conditioner meterage mode science not, can not realize central air conditioner reasonable, fair, meterage, propose a kind of central air conditioner produce effect timing when the energy charging method.
The technical solution used in the present invention:
A kind of equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage, metered central air conditioner end " produces effect " product of service time and this terminal heat exchange power as working as energy, central air conditioning terminal user is carried out meterage, in a central air conditioner chargeed regional arbitrary metering period, detecting also respectively, the First Astronautic Research Institute for Measurement and Test had user's central air conditioner fan coil to add up the energy W that always produces effect that consumes AlwaysAnd the energy W that produces effect of each fan coil consumption of user Meter, with the energy W that produces effect of user's fan coil consumption Meter, the energy W that always produces effect that all central air conditioner fan coil accumulative totals consume in this zone AlwaysMiddle proportion is as the foundation of charge, the total expenses of sharing this zone central air conditioner, described " producing effect " service time, to be central air conditioner fan coil supply water temperature be less than or equal to 12 ℃ when refrigeration, perhaps working time of fan coil during more than or equal to 40 ℃ when heating.
Respectively to carrying out timing " producing effect " service time of each gear of user's central air conditioner fan coil, and calculate the energy W that produces effect of all separate unit fan coil consumption by the heat exchange power of each gear of central air conditioner fan coil and the product of " producing effect " service time Meter, the basic skills of utilizing " merit=power * time " is by sum formula: W Meter=∑ Pi*Ti calculates " producing effect " energy that the high, medium and low shelves accumulative total of each each fan coil of user's central air conditioner consumes, wherein: Pi is the heat exchange power of the high, medium and low shelves of central air conditioner fan coil, and Ti is producing effect working time of the high, medium and low shelves of fan coil; The energy W that always produces effect that all user's central air conditioner fan coil accumulative totals consume Always=∑ W Meter
" producing effect " energy shared ratio in all terminal central air conditioner fan coils that measure " produce effect " the energy summation with central air conditioner terminal temperature difference fan coil, as the foundation of the total expenses of sharing this central air conditioner zone, " producing effect " energy or " producing effect " energy that consumes for all fan coils of terminal temperature difference.
Under central air conditioner charges the known situation of regional total cost, central air conditioner charging zone both had been applicable to shares meterage to complete cost in the complete central air conditioner system, or the cost of some functional areas in the central air conditioner system is shared meterage.
The operation total cost of central air conditioner comprises a: energy cost; B: water rate; C: labour cost; D: depreciation cost; E: maintenance funds; F: other expense, as overhead cost, additional cost, public loss, property profit, more than the energy W that produces effect of a part of expense such as a, b, c item and the consumption of user's central air conditioner fan coil MeterBe directly proportional, according to sharing in proportion when energy; Another part is one substantially perhaps to be shared according to working as energy in proportion quantitatively as d, e, f item, perhaps shares by floor area of building.
Positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the charging method when energy of the timing that produces effect of central air conditioner of the present invention, carry out the total cost of pro rata distribution central air conditioner as equivalent value by " producing effect " energy, the deviation of summary table and submeter when well having eliminated direct the metering, solved public domain central air conditioner allocation of expenditures problem, the secondary of public domain is shared when having avoided direct the metering, realize fairness, science, rationality that central air conditioner charges as much as possible, help improving user's energy savings and environmental consciousness, have long-range social synthesis's benefit.
2, work as the determined unit price of energy charge method by the present invention, directly reflection is the comprehensive Energy Efficiency Ratio (energy of central air conditioner output and the ratio of the energy of consumption) of central air conditioner, and this parameter directly embodies the management level and the energy-saving effect of central air conditioner system.
3, realize using as required, charge according to quantity has been alleviated the social contradications of the unreasonable initiation of former charge method, in line with the principle of economy, objectively reduced the operation of air conditioner expense, prolonged service life of equipment, reduce equipment operation management and maintenance cost, convenient management.
Four, embodiment:
Embodiment one: a kind of equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage, metered central air conditioner end " produces effect " product of service time and this terminal heat exchange power as working as energy, central air conditioning terminal user is carried out meterage, and it is realized by following steps:
(1), in the arbitrary metering period in a central air conditioner charges the zone, the detection and the First Astronautic Research Institute for Measurement and Test have the accumulative total of each gear of central air conditioner fan coil of user " to produce effect " service time, calculate the energy W that produces effect of all separate unit fan coil consumption by the heat exchange power and the product of " producing effect " service time of each gear of central air conditioner fan coil Meter, the basic skills of promptly utilizing " merit=power * time " is by sum formula: W Meter=∑ Pi*Ti calculates " producing effect " energy that the high, medium and low shelves accumulative total of each fan coil of central air conditioner consumes, wherein: Pi is the heat exchange power of the high, medium and low shelves of central air conditioner fan coil, Ti is producing effect working time of the high, medium and low shelves of fan coil, described " producing effect " service time, to be fan coil water supply Wen Wendu be less than or equal to 12 ℃ when refrigeration, when heating more than or equal to working time of fan coil under 40 ℃ of conditions;
(2), by basic sum formula W Always=∑ W MeterOr other metering method is calculated the energy W that always produces effect that all user's central air conditioner fan coil accumulative totals consume Always
(3), the operation total cost of calculating central air conditioner maybe needs the total expenses Fz that shares: the operation total cost of central air conditioner comprises: a: the energy cost (electricity charge, fuel oil, combustion gas etc.), b: water rate, c: labour cost, d: depreciation cost, e: maintenance funds, f: other expense (overhead cost, additional cost, public loss, property profit etc.), R rates quoted above can be divided into two parts, a part is relevant with the operation use amount of central air conditioner, imitatively be called usage charges and (also can be running cost, as: a, b, the c item), it is directly proportional with user's central air conditioner use amount, based on this relation, we measure " producing effect " service time of each gear of central air conditioner user fan coil by the mode of indirect metering, calculating user fan coil always calculates energy all fan coils in this central air conditioner zone and always calculates ratio shared in the energy, the overall running cost of sharing this central air conditioner zone by this proportionate relationship, be exactly the central air conditioner usage charges that the user should pay, the deviation of summary table and submeter when this mechanism has not only well been eliminated direct the metering, also solved public domain central air conditioner allocation of expenditures problem, the secondary of public domain is shared when having avoided direct the metering, this when the determined unit price of energy charge method directly reflection be the comprehensive Energy Efficiency Ratio (energy of central air conditioner output and the ratio of the energy of consumption) of central air conditioner, and this parameter directly embodies the management level and the energy-saving effect of central air conditioner system, has to such an extent that improve the efficiency of management in infrastructure management company; The operational relation of another part and central air conditioner is little, substantially be one quantitatively, we make it take (as: d, e, f item) substantially, for the basic expense (also can be resources use fee) of central air conditioner owing to be certain value substantially, we want and can share by floor area of building, can share by the energy requirement amount of design, this a part of expense is calculated does not have difference substantially yet;
(4), with " producing effect " energy of central air conditioner terminal temperature difference fan coil shared ratio in the terminal central air conditioner fan coils of all users of metering " produce effect " the energy sum, promptly with the energy W that produces effect of user's fan coil consumption Meter, the energy W that always produces effect that all central air conditioner fan coil accumulative totals consume in this zone AlwaysRatio as the foundation of charge, as the foundation of the total expenses of sharing this central air conditioner zone, share the total expenses of this zone central air conditioner, promptly the mathematic calculation that each user's separate unit fan coil need the value of paying dues in theory is F=Fz*W Meter/ W Always
Embodiment two: the meterage method in a certain zone in the central air conditioner system
The comprehensive building of a certain top grade, 1-3 layer are the market, and the 4-6 layer is food and drink, and the 7-22 layer is commercial office room.The 1-6 layer has comprised the central air conditioner expense in rent, do not need to measure separately, now need carry out the household metering charge to the commercial office room of 7-22 layer.The operation total cost computing method of central air conditioner are with embodiment one, in this not narration in addition.
A total energy scale is set on the central air conditioner system house steward, on the regional house steward of 7-22 layer commercial affairs office room, a block energy table is installed, on all fan coils of 7-22 layer commercial affairs office room, " producing effect " timing type central air conditioner taximeter is installed respectively then, so just can be realized meterage by the equivalent energy method computations.Accounting method calculates total operating cost (total usage charges) Fz of central air conditioner at cost, draw total output energy Wz by total energy scale variable, draw by the energy meter variable on the regional house steward of 7-22 layer commercial affairs office room and to output to this regional gross energy Wq, so the overall running cost in 7-22 layer commercial affairs office room zone (the total usage charges in zone) F q=Fz*Wq/Wz, promptly regional total expenses equals regional gross energy and the ratio of system gross energy and the product of system's total expenses, the direct equivalent energy method computations of metering that Here it is.
In like manner: if the energy of fan coil is Wp, the usage charges Fp=Fq*Wp/ ∑ wpi of a certain fan coil then, promptly the usage charges of a certain fan coil equal the ratio of all fan coil gross energies in the energy of this fan coil and the zone and the product of regional total expenses.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage, metered central air conditioner end " produces effect " product of service time and this terminal heat exchange power as working as energy, central air conditioning terminal user is carried out meterage, it is characterized in that: in a central air conditioner chargeed regional arbitrary metering period, detecting also respectively, the First Astronautic Research Institute for Measurement and Test had user's central air conditioner fan coil to add up the energy W that always produces effect that consumes AlwaysAnd the energy W that produces effect of each fan coil consumption of user Meter, with the energy W that produces effect of user's fan coil consumption MeterThe energy W that always produces effect that all central air conditioner fan coil accumulative totals consume in this zone AlwaysMiddle proportion is as the foundation of charge, the total expenses of sharing this zone central air conditioner, described " producing effect " service time, to be central air conditioner fan coil supply water temperature be less than or equal to 12 ℃ when refrigeration, perhaps working time of fan coil during more than or equal to 40 ℃ when heating.
2, the equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: respectively to carrying out timing " producing effect " service time of each gear of user's central air conditioner fan coil, and the energy W that produces effect that calculates all separate unit fan coil consumption by heat exchange power and its product that " produces effect " service time of each gear of central air conditioner fan coil Meter, the energy W that produces effect of promptly every typhoon coiler consumption MeterThe energy sum that produces effect for the consumption of high, medium and low each grade accumulative total of user's central air conditioner separate unit fan coil; The energy W that always produces effect that all user's central air conditioner fan coil accumulative totals consume AlwaysEqual the summation of the energy that produces effect of all separate unit fan coil accumulative total consumption.
3, the equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: with the energy shared ratio in all terminal central air conditioner fan coils that measure produce effect the energy summation that produces effect of central air conditioner terminal temperature difference fan coil, as the foundation of the total expenses of sharing this central air conditioner zone, energy or be the energy that produces effect of all fan coil consumption of terminal temperature difference produces effect.
4, the equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: under central air conditioner charges the known situation of regional total cost, central air conditioner charging zone both had been applicable to shares meterage to complete cost in the complete central air conditioner system, or the cost of some functional areas in the central air conditioner system is shared meterage.
5, the equivalent energy meter charging method of central air conditioner meterage according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the operation total cost of central air conditioner comprises a: energy cost; B: water rate; C: labour cost; D: depreciation cost; E: maintenance funds; F: overhead cost, additional cost, public loss, property profit.
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中央空调计费系统方式探讨 魏东杰.煤炭工程,第2003年第12期 2003 *
关于供暖及中央空调系统分户计费方案的探讨 陶爱荣.建筑热能通风空调,第2003年第1期 2003 *
集中空调系统的冷量计量 董涛,龙惟定,谢瑞东.制冷空调与电力机械,第26卷第101期 2005 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI618022B (en) * 2015-08-31 2018-03-11 Water resources and energy management, sales system, and pricing and sales method

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