CN102279067B - Method and device for metering cooling capacity and heating capacity at tail end of fan coil of central air-conditioning system - Google Patents
Method and device for metering cooling capacity and heating capacity at tail end of fan coil of central air-conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for metering cooling capacity and heating capacity of a fan coil, which is based on a correction relation between the cooling capacity and the heating capacity of the fan coil under actual working conditions and the cooling capacity and the heating capacity of the fan coil under normal working conditions. while metering, the cooling capacity of the fan coil under the actual working conditions can be obtained just by detecting the wind speed state, the inlet water temperature and the inlet air temperature and humidity of the fan coil, that is to say, the accurate measurement of the cooling capacity and the heating capacity can be indirectly realized by the direct detection of easily-measured data. The method and the device disclosed by the invention combines the advantages of dual temperatures in water side, heat exchange in wind side and time metering and avoids the measurement of water flow, thereby greatly reducing the cost of a metering device, improving the data stability and prolonging the service life of the device. According to the invention, the air state measurement is carried out by replacing air outlet section with an air inlet section, so that the parameter measurement is simpler and more convenient and easy to measure, and the engineering application maneuverability of metering is improved; meanwhile, the influence of parameters at the water side and the wind side of the fan coil on the cooling capacity and the heating capacity of the fan coil are considered and included, so that the metering accuracy is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy meter and billing technology field, relate in particular to a kind of cold and hot amount measurement technology of central air-conditioning system fan coil end.
Background technology
The accurate-metering of the cold and hot amount of air-conditioning system not only is conducive to building energy conservation with rationally charging, and is conducive to estate management.Fan coil is the modal Terminal device of central air conditioner system.At present the capacity metering method of fan coil cooling unit mainly contained: chronometry, the two warm flow rate metering methods of water side and wind side heat exchange measurement Law.
Chronometry is to add up the working time to fan coil, only considers the power of fan under the different wind speed, does not consider the variation of fan coil chilled-water flow and chilled water temperature, and the accuracy of measuring is low, and error is larger, is unfavorable for the reasonable fee of air-conditioning.
The two warm flow rate metering methods of water side need a flowmeter and two thermometers for each end, and this method is metering method the most accurately in theory, and the key that guarantees its measuring accuracy is flowmeter.Flow instrument commonly used has mechanical type, turbine type, electromagnetic type and ultrasonic type, and measuring accuracy and stable difference are larger.Wherein, then price is higher for the electromagnetic type that precision is higher and ultrasonic type.Therefore, although measuring accuracy is higher, initial cost is large, installs complicated, difficult in maintenance.
Wind side heat exchange metering method is carried out the calculating of fan coil heat exchange quantity by measuring fan coil outlet air quantity and importing and exporting air enthalpy.Although avoided the with high investment of measure of water, find a point position that can represent the air mean state to determine by experiment, be unfavorable for the engineering application.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defective of the terminal capacity metering method existence of existing central air-conditioning system fan coil, the invention provides method and the device of the terminal energy meter of a kind of central air conditioning fan coil, can not only accurate-metering and economical and convenient.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is according to following analysis:
Summer, according to thermal equilibrium, fan coil water side and wind side heat exchange amount were during cooling condition:
In the formula:
---fan coil heat exchange quantity, kW;
---the chilled water leaving water temperature, ℃;
---air out enthalpy, kJ/kg.
Full cold enthalpy efficient is to weigh the important indicator of fan coil heat exchange, and its definition is: when the air quantity of the coil pipe of flowing through under the clammy operating mode and the water yield are determined value, and the ratio of the air enthalpy difference value before and after the coil pipe under the actual enthalpy difference value of air and the standard condition.That is:
In the formula:
---full cold enthalpy efficient;
In formula (2) substitution (1), can get fan coil refrigerating capacity Q and be:
(3)
By top formula as can be known, air mass flow, full cold enthalpy efficient and air intake air enthalpy are the principal elements that affects the full cold size of fan coil with air enthalpy under the identical inflow temperature.When the air quantity under certain gear and definite discharge, full cold enthalpy efficiency value is a determined value.At this moment, fan coil refrigerating capacity and air inlet air enthalpy and linearly proportional with the difference of the saturated air enthalpy of inflow temperature.Therefore, the refrigerating capacity of fan coil can be expressed as under the actual condition:
In the formula:
---under the actual condition, fan coil refrigerating capacity, kW;
---under the standard condition, inlet air enthalpy, kJ/kg;
Above-mentioned the analysis showed that by the refrigerating capacity under the fan coil standard condition is revised, can obtain the refrigerating capacity of fan coil under the actual condition.Its key is to grasp the air intake air enthalpy and with the saturated air enthalpy of inflow temperature.The enthalpy of humid air calculating formula is:
In the formula:
---air themperature, ℃;
In the formula: B---atmospheric pressure often is taken as 101325Pa;
This shows, then the metering of the refrigerating capacity under the fan coil actual condition can be calculated according to above-mentioned formula by actual measurement air intake air themperature, relative humidity and inflow temperature, be achieved.
During the winter heating operating mode, analytical approach is similar.
Based on above analysis, the present invention proposes a kind of fan coil cold and heat quantity metering method based on fan coil heat exchange principle and actual cold and hot amount correction, and it realizes the accurate-metering of cold and hot amount indirectly by easily surveying the direct-detection of data, and concrete metrology steps is as follows:
At first, blower fan is opened, if when water valve is also opened, whether inquiring user pays the fees, as does not pay the fees, and controller sends by the parallel output interface and cuts out the water valve order, and watchdog routine withdraws from simultaneously.Pay the fees such as the user, controller gathers high, medium and low three the speed stage status signals of fan coil blower fan, simultaneously effective run time TH, TM, the TL of each gear of timer record fan coil;
Then, with measured fan coil air intake dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity and inflow temperature input calculation procedure module, calculate according to above-mentioned formula, obtain the fan coil heat exchange quantity under the actual condition;
At last, effective run time TH, the TM of each gear, TL multiply by respectively actual heat exchange amount, and accumulation calculating namely obtains the cold and hot amount of terminal temperature difference again.
By above-mentioned steps as seen, during metering, only need to detect the wind speed state of fan coil, inflow temperature and the air intake humiture of fan coil, just can realize the accurate-metering of cold.Its principle is under the aforementioned fan coil actual condition correction of refrigerated medium heat relation under the refrigerated medium heat and nominal condition.By the refrigerating capacity under the fan coil respective notch wind speed is revised, can obtain the refrigerating capacity of fan coil under the actual condition.Its key is to grasp the air intake air enthalpy and with the saturated air enthalpy of inflow temperature.Under the normal temperature and pressure, air can be used as ideal gas and processes, according to perfect gas equation, and can be by all quantity of states of the definite air of studying of any two separate air parameters.The air stream at fan coil air inlet place belongs to and confluxes, and for outlet, its airflow homogeneity is better.Therefore, measuring point need not to be determined by experiment.And the instrument of measuring air dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity is relatively abundant and economical.Coil surface saturated air enthalpy then can be determined by the chilled water temperature that measurement enters coil pipe.Cooling-water temperature sensor under the normal temperature is widely used and price economy too.As seen, the metering method that the present invention proposes combines the two temperature of water side, the heat exchange of wind side and time measurement three's advantage, has avoided: 1) to the measurement of discharge.Thereby greatly reduce the cost of measuring apparatus, improved the stability of data and the serviceable life of device; 2) to the measurement of Outlet Section air condition.Thereby make the easier and easy survey of parameter measurement, improved the engineering of metering and used operability.Simultaneously, compare with time type, calculated fan coil water side and wind side parameter to the impact of cold and hot amount, greatly improved measurement accuracy.
Realize that said method is to adopt the terminal measuring apparatus of central air conditioner system fan coil, it is a terminal controller with data sampling and processing, storage, demonstration and communication function.This terminal controller is comprised of single-chip microprocessor MCU, display terminal, power module and communication module etc. with timing, data processing, computing and memory function, as shown in Figure 1.MCU contains the parts such as microprocessor MPU, serial/parallel row IO interface, program storage Flash, data-carrier store, EEPROM, timer/counter, house dog.MCU stores result of calculation, show the cold that the user consumes by display module, and communicate by letter with senior management computer by communication network, related data is reached supervisory computer, adopt database to carry out unified store and management, be convenient to inquiry, print.Thereby form the terminal charge system of the central air conditioner system fan coil with collection, processing, control and management function.The connection principle of this end charge system as shown in Figure 2.Do not configure communication module such as this terminal controller, then consist of simple terminal controller.Simple terminal controller can use separately, has the characteristics such as applicable, economic, easy for installation.
Parameter that measuring apparatus is surveyed comprises: fan coil air intake dry-bulb temperature
, relative humidity
And inflow temperature
Fan coil third gear wind velocity signal KH, KM, KL; Effective run time TH, the TM of each gear, TL.
The content that measuring apparatus is pre-stored in chip comprises: the heat exchange amount Q(under the standard condition under high, medium and low three gears corresponding to different fan coil models is referring to GB " fan coil units GB/T19232-2003 "); Saturated steam partial pressure corresponding to different air themperatures; Calculate required correlation formula in the accounting procedure.
Measuring apparatus utilization of the present invention is directly installed on the terminal controller of central air conditioner system tail-end blower fan coil pipe, gather simultaneously air intake parameter (dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity), fan coil inflow temperature, and the record working time of fan coil under the third gear wind speed, and according to the actual heat exchange amount of fan coil correction principle, calculate and show the actual air-conditioning cold flow of fan coil by inner integrating instrument.
During air conditioning charging, only need the demonstration cold of record measuring apparatus, with last time meter reading data subtract each other, be the cold of using of this metering period, just can draw corresponding expense with the toll price standard of this unit's of multiply by cold.Thereby realize similarly measuring and charge method such as ammeter, water meter.The user also can oneself read consumption, and calculates per month air-conditioning expense, guarantees metering and the transparent of charging and justice.
Description of drawings
The structured flowchart of the terminal measuring apparatus of Fig. 1 central air conditioner system fan coil;
The elementary diagram of the terminal measuring apparatus of Fig. 2 central air conditioner system fan coil;
The terminal measurement monitoring main program block diagram of Fig. 3 central air conditioner system fan coil;
Fig. 4 terminal controller circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 5 simulated measurement input circuit schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Circuit implementing scheme of the present invention: the terminal message accounting of central air conditioner system fan coil is a terminal controller with data sampling and processing, storage, demonstration and communication function.This terminal controller is comprised of single-chip microprocessor MCU, display terminal, power module and communication module etc. with timing, data processing, computing and memory function, as shown in Figure 1.MCU contains the parts such as microprocessor MPU, serial/parallel row IO interface, program storage Flash, data-carrier store, EEPROM, timer/counter, house dog.Do not configure communication module such as this terminal controller, then consist of simple terminal controller.Simple terminal controller can use separately, has the characteristics such as applicable, economic, easy for installation.
The terminal controller watchdog routine is stored in the Flash storer, starts operation by the blower fan start signal.Controller gathers the water valve status signal by parallel input interface, and when user's water valve cut out, watchdog routine withdrawed from; When water valve was opened, whether inquiring user paid the fees, as does not pay the fees, and controller sends by the parallel output interface and cuts out the water valve order, and watchdog routine withdraws from simultaneously.Pay the fees such as the user, controller gathers high, medium and low three the speed stage status signals of fan coil blower fan, effective run time TH, TM, the TL of each gear of timer record fan coil; Gather fan coil air intake dry-bulb temperature
, relative humidity
And inflow temperature
Deng input calculation procedure module, according to described computing formula, namely obtain the fan coil heat exchange quantity under the actual condition
, its computing formula is as follows:
In the formula:
---under the actual condition, fan coil refrigerating capacity, kW;
---under the standard condition, inlet air enthalpy, kJ/kg;
Wherein, the inlet air enthalpy, adopt following enthalpy of humid air calculating formula to calculate with the coil surface saturated air enthalpy of inflow temperature:
KJ/kg
Dry air(5)
In the formula:
---air themperature, ℃;
In the formula: B---atmospheric pressure often is taken as 101325Pa;
During air conditioning charging, only need the demonstration cold of record measuring apparatus, with last time meter reading data subtract each other, be the cold of using of this metering period, just can draw corresponding expense with the toll price standard of this unit's of multiply by cold.Thereby realize similarly measuring and charge method such as ammeter, water meter.The user can oneself read consumption, and calculates per month air-conditioning expense, guarantees metering and the transparent of charging and justice.
The connection principle of this end charge system as shown in Figure 2, single-chip microprocessor MCU is stored result of calculation, show the cold that the user consumes by display module, and communicate by letter with senior management computer by communication network, related data is reached supervisory computer, adopt database to carry out unified store and management, be convenient to inquiry, print, thereby form the terminal charge system of the central air conditioner system fan coil with collection, processing, control and management function.
Form is documented in the terminal message accounting watchdog routine of embodiment central air conditioner system fan coil of the present invention block diagram as shown in Figure 3.When the user opened arbitrary Wind speed switch, terminal controller began to carry out watchdog routine.Program at first starts timer in the controller (when the timer meter is full, the interrupt call timing program, upgrade timer time), then gather third gear Wind speed switch status signal, is and judge: Wind speed switch set to low or first gear? then to start timer 1, otherwise judging whether Wind speed switch is set to mid ranger, is then to start timer 2, otherwise starts timer 3; Then controller gathers the water valve state, closes such as water valve, then withdraws from watchdog routine; Open such as water valve, then carry out following operation: inquire about this user to host computer and whether pay dues on time, as do not pay dues, terminal controller sends closes the water valve order, as pay dues on time, then works as 3 minutes and arrives, carry out that cold calculates, shows, storage, and be uploaded to the operation such as upper managing computer.MCU adopts the AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer of atmel corp in the present embodiment, and communication module adopts MAX487E, and LCD MODULE adopts SG12864, and power module adopts Switching Power Supply.By essential design of hardware and software, realize fan coil energy consumption measure, the function that shows and communicate by letter with supervisory computer (PC).
Fig. 4 is circuit diagram of the present invention, and the AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer has 48 the two-way I/O interface of standard P0, P1, P2, P3, and each of each interface has output latch, output driver, input buffer.Byte input, output function can be carried out to each interface, also bit manipulation can be carried out.The 18th, 19 pins of AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer connect crystal oscillator, and the 40th pin connects the Vcc end of power module, and the 20th pin connects the GND end of power module.
X5045 is a kind of programmable control circuit that integrates house dog, voltage monitoring and three kinds of functions of serial EEPROM.Wherein house dog provides defencive function to system.When system breaks down and when surpassing setup times, house dog is reacted to CPU by the RESET signal.The voltage monitoring function can protection system be avoided the impact of low-voltage, and when supply voltage drops to allowed band when following, system will reset, until supply voltage turns back to stationary value.X5045 and AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer adopt the spi bus interface mode, this interface circuit has been the AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer extension serial EEPROM of 4 kB, even system still can keep data after power down constant, therefore be used in the present embodiment each grade of storage blower fan wind speed timer data.The minimum storage life of the EEPROM internal data of X5045 is 100 years, and is erasable more than 1,000,000 times.As shown in the figure, the X5045 chip has 8 pins, and wherein the 3rd, 8 pins connect+the 5V power supply, the 4th pin ground connection; Sheet selects input end CS, serial data output terminal SO, serial clock input end SCK, serial data input end SI to link to each other with 21,22,23,24 pins of AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer P2 mouth respectively; Reset output terminal RESET links to each other with the 9th pin of single-chip microcomputer.
As shown in Figure 4, R1 ~ R3 is current-limiting resistance, and D1 ~ D3 is commutation diode, and D4 ~ D6 is the reverse protection diode.Fan coil third gear wind speed detection signal is through P1 mouth the 1st, 2,3 pins of optocoupler TLP521-1 input AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer.When arbitrary grade of connection of the high, medium and low third gear Wind speed switch of fan coil, its corresponding circuit current-limiting resistance and diode current flow, corresponding single-chip microcomputer pin is low level (0), and all the other two grades of wind speed detection pins are high level (1).Fan coil water valve control signal is drawn the 5th pin from AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer P1 mouth, realizes the open and close control of valve after the photoelectricity isolation by relay J 1.As shown in the figure, when the 5th pin sets high, the optocoupler conducting, relay J 1 coil is by electric current, and the shutoff valve electric loop is connected, and water valve cuts out; When the 5th pin sets low, the optocoupler cut-off, the water valve electric loop turn-offs.The water valve state detection signal is through the 4th pin of optocoupler TLP521-1 input AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer P1 mouth.
As shown in Figure 5, the input end IN0-IN2 pin of analog to digital converter ADC0809CCN respectively with fan coil air intake dry-bulb temperature
, relative humidity
And inflow temperature
Sensor links to each other, after analog to digital converter is converted to digital quantity, output to the A-H leads ends of the shift register 74HC165 that links to each other with the D0-D7 pin, export by the Q pin of 74HC165 again, and after photoelectricity isolation, connect the 6th pin of the P1 mouth of AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer, signal is sent in the single-chip microcomputer.After isolating by photoelectricity, the channel selecting end ADD A of ADC0809CCN, ADD B pin connect 7,8 pins of single-chip microcomputer P1 mouth, all receive 12 pins of single-chip microcomputer P1 mouth after the address latch end ALE pin of ADC0809CCN and starting end of convert START pin are isolated by photoelectricity, connect respectively 14 pins, 15 pins of single-chip microcomputer P3 mouth after the clock end CLK pin of 74HC165, control end SH/LD pin are isolated by photoelectricity.
The present invention adopts LCD MODULE SG12864, SG12864 adopts Direct Access Mode with being connected of AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer among the figure, be about to LCD MODULE and be used as storer or I/O equipment, single-chip microcomputer operates LCD MODULE in the mode of reference-to storage or I/O equipment.As shown in Figure 4,8 position datawire DB0 ~ DB7 of display module link to each other with the 32nd ~ 39 pin of AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer P0 mouth; Instruction/data selects line D/I, read/write to select line R/W and chip selection signal line CS1, CS2 to link to each other with the 25th, 26,27,28 pins of single-chip microcomputer P2 mouth respectively; E is the enable signal line, gets linking to each other with non-output of 16,17 leg signal with single-chip microcomputer P3 mouth.
MAX487E communication module and host computer that the present invention adopts MAXIM company to produce communicate.MAX487E is a kind of difference balanced type transponder chip; it is the miniwatt transceiver for TTL agreement and 485 protocol conversions; it contains a driver and a receiver; adopt the half-duplex operation mode; 128 of nodes have the functions such as anti-lightning, antistatic impact, limit slope drive and emergency protection.Receiver output terminal RO links to each other with the 10th pin of AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer P3 mouth, and driver input end DI links to each other with the 11st pin of single-chip microcomputer P3 mouth, and driver output enable end links to each other with the 13rd pin of single-chip microcomputer P3 mouth, receiver output enable termination GND.
Power module adopts Switching Power Supply, input AC220V, output DC ± 5V, DC ± 12V.
Claims (3)
1. the terminal cold and hot amount metering method of a central air conditioner system fan coil, concrete metrology steps is as follows:
The first step: blower fan is opened, if when water valve is also opened, whether inquiring user pays the fees, as does not pay the fees, and controller sends by the parallel output interface and cuts out the water valve order, and watchdog routine withdraws from simultaneously; Pay the fees such as the user, controller gathers high, medium and low three the speed stage status signals of fan coil blower fan, simultaneously effective run time TH, TM, the TL of each gear of timer record fan coil;
Second step: with measured fan coil air intake dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity and inflow temperature input calculation procedure module, obtain the fan coil heat exchange quantity Q under the actual condition
s, its computing formula is as follows:
In the formula: Q
s---under the actual condition, fan coil heat exchange quantity, kW;
i
1---under the standard condition, inlet air enthalpy, kJ/kg;
i
w---under the standard condition, with the coil surface saturated air enthalpy of inflow temperature, kJ/kg;
Q---the heat exchange amount under the fan coil standard condition, kW;
Wherein, the inlet air enthalpy, adopt following enthalpy of humid air calculating formula to calculate with the coil surface saturated air enthalpy of inflow temperature:
I=1.01t+d (2500+1.84t) kJ/kg
Dry air(5)
In the formula: t---air themperature, ℃;
D---air humidity content, kg/kg
Dry airIts calculating formula is:
In the formula: B---atmospheric pressure often is taken as 101325Pa;
P
Qb---the saturated steam partial pressure of air, Pa;
The 3rd step: effective run time TH, TM, TL with each gear multiply by respectively actual heat exchange amount, and accumulation calculating namely obtains the cold and hot amount of terminal temperature difference again.
2. terminal cold and hot amount measuring apparatus of the central air conditioner system fan coil of realizing the described method of claim 1, it is a controller with data sampling and processing, storage, demonstration and communication function; It is characterized in that: described measuring apparatus comprise have timing, single-chip microprocessor MCU, display terminal, power module and the communication module of data processing, computing and memory function; Described MCU stores result of calculation, shows the cold that the user consumes by display terminal, and communicates by letter with senior management computer by communication module, and related data is reached senior management computer, adopts database to carry out unified store and management.
3. the terminal cold and hot amount measuring apparatus of central air conditioner system fan coil according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described MCU contains microprocessor MPU, serial/parallel row IO interface, program storage Flash, data-carrier store, EEPROM, timer/counter, house dog parts; Prestore the heat exchange amount Q under high, medium and low three gears corresponding to different fan coil models under the standard condition among the described program storage Flash, the saturated steam partial pressure that different air themperatures are corresponding has in the accounting procedure and calculates required correlation formula.
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| CN102650462A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-08-29 | 杭州源牌环境科技有限公司 | Wireless time sampling instrument for temperature controller of fan coil |
| CN105042767A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-11 | 黄继昌 | Wireless central air conditioner time-sharing charging system based on ZigBee and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) double networks |
| CN109297156A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-01 | 北京北特圣迪科技发展有限公司 | A kind of air conditioner system control method |
| CN112050972B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-10-04 | 广州地铁集团有限公司 | Approximate calculation method for calorific value of subway equipment room |
| CN112330885A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-02-05 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Central air conditioner charging method, system, charging management equipment and storage medium |
| CN112669530A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉中电节能有限公司 | Method for improving data acquisition quality of air conditioner time type metering equipment |
| CN112696788B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-12 | 安徽郁金香新能源科技有限公司 | Variable water temperature control method for fan coil |
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| JP4948070B2 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2012-06-06 | 三機工業株式会社 | Air conditioning control method and air conditioner |
| CN201561528U (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2010-08-25 | 重庆大学 | Tail end controller and billing system for central air-conditioning metering |
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