CN100370565C - Controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment - Google Patents

Controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100370565C
CN100370565C CNB2005100426217A CN200510042621A CN100370565C CN 100370565 C CN100370565 C CN 100370565C CN B2005100426217 A CNB2005100426217 A CN B2005100426217A CN 200510042621 A CN200510042621 A CN 200510042621A CN 100370565 C CN100370565 C CN 100370565C
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China
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electrode
vacuum environment
discharge switch
trigger
bottom electrode
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB2005100426217A
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CN1697107A (en
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姚学玲
陈景亮
孙伟
刘东社
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under the vacuum environment, which comprises an upper electrode and a lower electrode which are arranged in an insulating outer shell; the pressure of a closed shell body composed of the insulating outer shell and flanges which are arranged on both ends of the insulating outer shell is from 10 <-3> to 10<-4> Pa; the upper electrode and the lower electrode are at least provided with one movable electrode; a triggering electrode is also inlaid in a fixed electrode, and a triggering electrode is arranged between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. Because the upper electrode and the lower electrode are closed in the vacuum environment, the upper electrode and the lower electrode have great capability of conducting transient state high-energy electric current; an electric conduction passage is closed in the vacuum environment and is not disturbed by the outside; thus, the reliability of the operation of a pulse switch is improved. The arc voltage of a vacuum electric arc is very low, and thus, energy led in by an electric is much lower than an atmospheric electric arc; the ablation rate of the electrodes is very low under the action of a pulse electric arc; the high-energy pulse switch can stably work within a wide voltage range by regulating the gap distance of the upper electrode and the lower electrode by means of the movable electrode.

Description

Controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-energy discharge switch, particularly a kind of controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment that is used for Pulse Power Techniques, nuclear fusion, superlaser and high energy pulse current testing.
Background technology
Discharge switch of high-energy impulse is one of Primary Component commonly used in Pulse Power Techniques, nuclear fusion, superlaser and the high energy pulse technology, the domestic discharge switch that is used for Pulse Power Techniques, its charge transfer quantity is generally about 0.2 coulomb, in the external Pulse Power Techniques research, the single charge transfer quantity of discharge switch has reached 1 coulomb.Along with the development of strong electromagnetic pulse technology such as Pulse Power Techniques, the high energy pulse generating means will be brought into play more and more big effect, and single is also increasing gradually by the quantity of electric charge transfer amount and the pulse energy of discharge switch.In Pulse Power Techniques, single reaches more than 1 coulomb by the charge transfer quantity of discharge switch; And being used for the discharge switch that nuclear explosion effect simulation is studied, the single charge transfer quantity is up to up to a hundred coulombs.In high voltage pulse electric current experimental technique, in single 100kA, the 8/20 μ s impact process, the charge transfer quantity by discharge switch reaches about 2 coulombs; And among the single 100kA, 10/350 μ s impact process, the charge transfer quantity by discharge switch reaches about 50 coulombs.
Present pulsed discharge switch is under the effect of high energy pulse electric arc, the actuating range of switch is narrow, poor stability, electrode erosion are serious, working life is short, at high voltage, big discharge capacity, operating voltage range is wide and require to be difficult to meet the demands under the condition of the good and long service life of switch performance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment is provided, this switch possesses the ability of great conducting transient state high-energy current, and ablating rate reliable and electrode is low.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: comprise insulation crust and be arranged on insulation crust interior top electrode, bottom electrode, be characterized in, top electrode and bottom electrode are arranged in the insulation crust by end flanges, and by insulation crust and the pressure that is arranged in the closed shell that the end flanges at insulation crust two ends constitutes be 10 -3～10 -4Pa, said top electrode and bottom electrode have at least one to be float electrode, and this float electrode is connected with end flanges by bellows, also is inlaid with trigger electrode or is provided with trigger electrode in fixed electrode between the discharging gap of top electrode and bottom electrode.
Another characteristics of the present invention are: top electrode and bottom electrode are by contact and be attached thereto the water diversion part that connects and form; Be provided with the radome that is installed on the insulation sealing shell inwall around top electrode, bottom electrode and the trigger electrode; The upper end of bellows also is provided with the bellows shield cover; The trigger electrode that is embedded in the fixed electrode is a columnar electrode, and this trigger electrode is embedded in the fixed electrode by insulating sleeve, and has constituted discharging gap between column trigger electrode and the insulating sleeve; Being arranged on the trigger electrode that is provided with between the discharging gap of top electrode and bottom electrode is circular ring electrode; Being arranged on the trigger electrode that is provided with between the discharging gap of top electrode and bottom electrode is circular ring electrode, and circular trigger electrode and top electrode and bottom electrode opposing end surface are the pointed structure that has angle.
Because upper and lower electrode is enclosed under the vacuum environment, the vacuum medium has the rapid diffusion of high insulation level and arc post plasma, make it possess the ability of great conducting transient state high-energy current, and conductive channel is enclosed in and is not subjected to external interference in the vacuum environment, has improved the pulse switch reliability of operation greatly; The arc voltage of vacuum arc is very low, and the energy that electric arc is introduced is much lower with respect to atmosphere electric arc, thereby under the effect of pulsed arc, the ablating rate of electrode is extremely low; Float electrode is by the clearance distance of regulation and control high energy pulse switch, make this high energy pulse switch can steady operation in very wide voltage range.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the upper and lower electrode 1,2 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing structural principle of the present invention and operation principle are described in further detail.
Embodiment 1, referring to Fig. 1,2, present embodiment comprises insulation crust 8 and is arranged on top electrode 1, the bottom electrode 2 be made up of contact 11 and water diversion part 12 in the insulation crust 8, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are arranged in the insulation crust 8 by end flanges 9 and end flanges 10, and by insulation crust 8 and the pressure that is arranged in the closed shell that the end flanges 9,10 at insulation crust 8 two ends constitutes be 10 -3～10 -4Pa, top electrode 1 is a fixed electrode, in top electrode 1, offer the insulated tube 13 of inlaying column trigger electrode 3, constituted discharging gap 4 between column trigger electrode 3 and the insulating sleeve 13, bottom electrode 2 is a float electrode, bottom electrode 2 is connected with end flanges 10 by bellows 6, the upper end of bellows 6 also is provided with bellows shield cover 15, bellows shield cover 15 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on bellows 6, influence the characteristic and the life-span of bellows 6, at top electrode 1, be provided with around bottom electrode 2 and the trigger electrode 3 by flange 14 and be installed in radome 7 on insulation sealing shell 8 inwalls, radome 7 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on insulation sealing shell 8, cause top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 short circuits, radome 7 can be used metal material, makes as oxygen-free copper.
The present invention is different from general pulse switch, the present invention has one, and fixedly top electrode 1, movable bottom electrode 2 and one are embedded in trigger electrode 3 in the fixing top electrode 1, electrode is operated under the vacuum environment, when trigger electrode 3 provides the trigger impulse of q.s, a trigger electrode 3 and a fixedly formation electronics emission between the top electrode 1, thereby formation initial plasma, along with the diffusion of initial plasma to discharging gap 5, electric field between electrode 1 and the electrode 2 is distorted, directly cause the fixedly disruptive discharge between the top electrode 1 and movable bottom electrode 2.Drive bottom electrode 2 by actuator and move vertically, thereby the clearance distance between change top electrode 1 and the bottom electrode 2 makes controlled high-energy impulse in three electrodes switch reliability service under wide operating voltage.
Embodiment 2, referring to Fig. 3, present embodiment comprises insulation crust 8 and is arranged on top electrode 1, the bottom electrode 2 be made up of contact 11 and water diversion part 12 in the insulation crust 8, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are arranged in the insulation crust 8 by end flanges 9 and end flanges 10, and by insulation crust 8 and the pressure that is arranged in the closed shell that the end flanges 9,10 at insulation crust 8 two ends constitutes be 10 -3～10 -4Pa, top electrode 1 is a fixed electrode, bottom electrode 2 is a float electrode, bottom electrode 2 is connected with end flanges 10 by bellows 6, the upper end of bellows 6 also is provided with bellows shield cover 15, bellows shield cover 15 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on bellows 6, influence the characteristic and the life-span of bellows 6, between the discharging gap 5 of top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2, be provided with circular trigger electrode 3, and at top electrode 1, be provided with the radome 7 that is installed on insulation sealing shell 8 inwalls around bottom electrode 2 and the trigger electrode 3, radome 7 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on insulation sealing shell 8, cause top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 short circuits, radome 7 can be used metal material, makes as oxygen-free copper.
The present invention drives bottom electrode 2 by actuator and moves vertically in bellows 6, thereby changes the clearance distance between top electrode 1 and the bottom electrode 2, makes controlled high-energy impulse in three electrodes switch reliability service under wide operating voltage.
Embodiment 3: referring to Fig. 4, present embodiment comprises insulation crust 8 and is arranged on top electrode 1, the bottom electrode 2 be made up of contact 11 and water diversion part 12 in the insulation crust 8, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are arranged in the insulation crust 8 by end flanges 9 and end flanges 10, and by insulation crust 8 and the pressure that is arranged in the closed shell that the end flanges 9,10 at insulation crust 8 two ends constitutes be 10 -3～10 -4Pa, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are float electrode, respectively by bellows 6 and end flanges 9,10 are connected, the upper end of bellows 6 also is provided with bellows shield cover 15, bellows shield cover 15 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on bellows 6, influence the characteristic and the life-span of bellows 6, at top electrode 1, be provided with the radome 7 that is installed on insulation sealing shell 8 inwalls around bottom electrode 2 and the trigger electrode 3, radome 7 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on insulation sealing shell 8, cause top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 short circuits, radome 7 can be used metal material, makes as oxygen-free copper.
Top electrode 1 of the present invention and bottom electrode 2 all are float electrode, move vertically in bellows 6 at actuator's driving top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2, thereby change the clearance distance between top electrode 1 and the bottom electrode 2, make controlled high-energy impulse in three electrodes switch reliability service under wide operating voltage, and have stable trigger characteristic.
Embodiment 4, referring to Fig. 5, present embodiment comprises insulation crust 8 and is arranged on top electrode 1, the bottom electrode 2 be made up of contact 11 and water diversion part 12 in the insulation crust 8, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are arranged in the insulation crust 8 by end flanges 9 and end flanges 10, and by insulation crust 8 and the pressure that is arranged in the closed shell that the end flanges 9,10 at insulation crust 8 two ends constitutes be 10 -3～10 -4Pa, top electrode 1 is a fixed electrode, bottom electrode 2 is a float electrode, bottom electrode 2 is connected with end flanges 10 by bellows 6, the upper end of bellows 6 also is provided with bellows shield cover 15, bellows shield cover 15 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on bellows 6, influence the characteristic and the life-span of bellows 6, between the discharging gap 5 of top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2, be provided with circular trigger electrode 3, and circular trigger electrode 3 is the pointed structure that has angle with top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 opposing end surfaces, top electrode 1, be provided with the radome 7 that is installed on insulation sealing shell 8 inwalls around bottom electrode 2 and the trigger electrode 3, radome 7 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on insulation sealing shell 8, cause top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 short circuits, radome 7 can be used metal material, makes as oxygen-free copper.
The present invention drives bottom electrode 2 by actuator and moves vertically in bellows 6, thereby changes the clearance distance between top electrode 1 and the bottom electrode 2, makes controlled high-energy impulse in three electrodes switch reliability service under wide operating voltage.
Embodiment 5, referring to Fig. 6, present embodiment comprises insulation crust 8 and is arranged on top electrode 1, the bottom electrode 2 be made up of contact 11 and water diversion part 12 in the insulation crust 8, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are arranged in the insulation crust 8 by end flanges 9 and end flanges 10, and by insulation crust 8 and the pressure that is arranged in the closed shell that the end flanges 9,10 at insulation crust 8 two ends constitutes be 10 -3～10 -4Pa, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are float electrode, top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 are by bellows 6 and end flanges 9,10 are connected, the upper end of bellows 6 also is provided with bellows shield cover 15, bellows shield cover 15 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on bellows 6, influence the characteristic and the life-span of bellows 6, between the discharging gap 5 of top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2, be provided with circular trigger electrode 3, and circular trigger electrode 3 is the pointed structure that has angle with top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 opposing end surfaces, top electrode 1, be provided with the radome 7 that is installed on insulation sealing shell 8 inwalls around bottom electrode 2 and the trigger electrode 3, radome 7 can prevent that metal vapor deposition is on insulation sealing shell 8, cause top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2 short circuits, radome 7 can be used metal material, makes as oxygen-free copper.
Top electrode 1 of the present invention and bottom electrode 2 all are float electrode, move vertically in bellows 6 at actuator's driving top electrode 1 and bottom electrode 2, thereby change the clearance distance between top electrode 1 and the bottom electrode 2, make controlled high-energy impulse in three electrodes switch reliability service under wide operating voltage, and have stable trigger characteristic.

Claims (7)

1. controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment, comprise insulation crust [8] and be arranged on insulation crust [8] interior top electrode [1], bottom electrode [2], it is characterized in that: top electrode [1] and bottom electrode [2] are arranged in the insulation crust [8] by upper flanges [9] and following end flanges [10], and by insulation crust [8] and the pressure that is arranged in the closed shell that the end flanges [9,10] at insulation crust [8] two ends constitutes be 10 3～10 4Pa, said top electrode [1] and bottom electrode [2] have at least one to be float electrode, this float electrode is connected with end flanges by bellows [6], also is inlaid with trigger electrode [3] or is provided with trigger electrode [3] in fixed electrode between the discharging gap [5] of top electrode [1] and bottom electrode [2].
2. controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said top electrode [1] and bottom electrode [2] are by contact [11] and be attached thereto the water diversion part [12] that connects and form.
3. controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with the radome [7] that is installed on insulation sealing shell [8] inwall around said top electrode [1], bottom electrode [2] and the trigger electrode [3].
4. controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the upper end of said bellows [6] also is provided with bellows shield and puts [15].
5. controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the said trigger electrode [3] that is embedded in the fixed electrode is a columnar electrode, this trigger electrode [3] is embedded in the fixed electrode by insulating sleeve [13], and has constituted discharging gap [4] between column trigger electrode [3] and the insulating sleeve [13].
6. controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the trigger electrode [3] that is provided with between the said discharging gap [5] that is arranged on top electrode [1] and bottom electrode [2] is a circular ring electrode.
7. controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the trigger electrode [3] that is provided with between the said discharging gap [5] that is arranged on top electrode [1] and bottom electrode [2] be a circular ring electrode, and circular trigger electrode [3] and top electrode [1] and bottom electrode [2] opposing end surface are the pointed structure that has angle.
CNB2005100426217A 2005-04-29 2005-04-29 Controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment Expired - Fee Related CN100370565C (en)

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CN100370565C true CN100370565C (en) 2008-02-20

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Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10129139A1 (en) * 2001-06-16 2003-01-09 Abb Patent Gmbh Device for quenching arc in switching system, has closable contact point with contact pieces, and intermediate electrode with trigger electrode protruding into its central opening

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