CN111681905B - Surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure - Google Patents
Surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111681905B CN111681905B CN202010638299.9A CN202010638299A CN111681905B CN 111681905 B CN111681905 B CN 111681905B CN 202010638299 A CN202010638299 A CN 202010638299A CN 111681905 B CN111681905 B CN 111681905B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
Landscapes
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power switches, and provides a surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of a gear-shaped trigger electrode structure. The external annular embedded trigger electrode can effectively avoid the trigger electrode from being ablated by main gap electric arcs, is matched with a gear-shaped surface flashover material for use, can utilize a magnetic field generated by axial current to inhibit the shrinkage of a surface flashover channel, and achieves the purpose of prolonging the service life of the switch. The external gear-shaped embedded trigger electrode structure can effectively solve the problems of short service life and ablation resistance of the conventional surface flashover vacuum switch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-capacity, high-performance and long-service-life pulse power switches, and particularly relates to a surface breakdown type vacuum trigger switch with a novel structure.
Background
The vacuum trigger switch is also called vacuum trigger gap, and is a controllable fast closing switch, which utilizes vacuum as insulation and arc extinguishing medium between the anode and the cathode, and adopts different trigger modes to control the conduction of the main gap of the switch. Compared with the traditional gas trigger switch, the vacuum trigger switch has the advantages of high on-load charge amount, long switch service life, wide working voltage range, quick medium strength recovery, high triggering accuracy and the like, so that the vacuum trigger switch is widely applied to the relevant fields of national defense safety, electric power systems, environmental protection and the like. Currently, vacuum trigger switches are classified in a trigger mode mainly into two types: a field breakdown type and a planar flashover type. The field breakdown switch generates an initial plasma conduction gap by firing a pin discharge. A large number of experimental results show that the field breakdown vacuum switch has the problems of high triggering energy, prolonged triggering time, large dispersity and the like. The surface flashover vacuum switch can be mainly divided into two types according to different triggering modes: electrical pulse triggering and laser triggering. The laser-triggered surface flashover vacuum switch has the advantages of high precision, short time delay and the like, but the triggering system has higher cost, and the large-scale application of the laser-triggered surface flashover vacuum switch in industrial production is limited. The electric trigger surface flashover vacuum switch directly generates an initial plasma conduction gap through the surface discharge of a flashover material between a trigger electrode and a cathode. Compared with a laser trigger vacuum switch, the trigger system of the electric trigger surface flashover vacuum switch has simple structure and lower cost, so the electric trigger surface flashover switch has higher competitiveness in industrial production.
Research work of a large number of scholars at home and abroad shows that the trigger current generated between a trigger electrode and a cathode and the existence of main gap arc of the electric pulse triggered surface breakdown type vacuum switch can cause the evaporation of flashover materials and the deposition of metal vapor, and the deposition of the metal vapor is a main factor influencing the service life of the surface breakdown type vacuum trigger switch. The amount of metal agglomerates deposited on the surface of the flashover material increases with the number of through-current passes, eventually leading to switch failure. The technical problems of the prior surface breakdown type vacuum trigger switch mainly include the following points: 1) the main gap arc ablation electrode generates metal vapor, and the metal vapor is deposited on the surface of a flashover material to influence the service life of a switch; 2) the trigger electrode is close to the main gap arc distance and is easy to ablate; 3) the flashover channel generated by the discharge between the traditional trigger electrode structure and the cathode is contracted, which can cause serious ablation and carbonization on the surface of the flashover material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to avoid the defects of the traditional electric trigger surface breakdown type switch, the invention provides a surface flashover vacuum trigger switch with a 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure. The trigger electrode is arranged on the outer side of the cathode and matched with the inclined structure and the shielding case, so that the influence of metal vapor deposition on the service life and the trigger performance of the switch is weakened; the mode of externally arranging the trigger electrode is combined with the longitudinal magnetic structure of the main electrode, so that the distance between the trigger electrode and the main gap arc in the arcing process can be increased, the risk of the trigger electrode being ablated by the arc is reduced, and the service life of the switch is prolonged; the outward-inclined gear-shaped embedded structure of the trigger electrode and the cathode electrode disc can inhibit the shrinkage of the creeping discharge channel by utilizing a magnetic field generated by switching axial current, and avoid ablation and carbonization of the surface of the creeping material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of a 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure comprises an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a gear-shaped surface flashover material 11 and an annular embedded trigger electrode 12;
the anode electrode comprises an anode conducting rod 2, an anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3, an anode I-shaped support 4 and an anode electrode disk 5; the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3 is concentrically fixed on the upper part of the anode conducting rod 2, and the expansion area of the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup extends obliquely outwards from the traditional longitudinal magnetic electrode cup structure and is used for gathering initial plasma generated by surface breakdown and accelerating the conduction speed of a switch; a shallow groove is formed in the center of the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3 and used for installing and placing an anode electrode disk 5; the anode I-shaped supporting piece 4 is arranged inside the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3 and is used for supporting the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3;
the cathode electrode comprises a cathode conducting rod 10, a cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9, a cathode I-shaped support 8, a cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk 7 and a cathode electrode disk 6; the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9 is concentrically fixed on the upper part of the cathode conducting rod 10; a shallow groove is formed in the center of the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk 7 and used for placing the cathode electrode disk 6; the cathode I-shaped supporting piece 8 is arranged in the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9 and is used for supporting the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9;
the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11 is made of a semiconductor ceramic material and is axially symmetrical;
the annular embedded trigger electrode 12 is made of metal materials, is axially symmetrical in shape, is provided with a gear-shaped bulge on the inner side, is used for being directly connected with the upper side of the insulating support disc 13 and is sleeved on the outer side of the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11; the generation position of the surface flashover is controlled by adjusting the material width of the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11 in the horizontal direction and the material width of the gear-shaped surface flashover material in the vertical direction, so that the flashover occurs in the vertical direction, and the contraction of a flashover channel is inhibited by a magnetic field generated by axial switching current; the shape of the gear effectively increases the surface flashover area and reduces the influence of metal vapor adhesion on the resistance of the trigger electrode in the arcing process; the outward inclined design can reduce the adhesion of metal vapor generated in the arcing process to the surface of the flashover material;
compared with the traditional built-in mode, the design mode that the annular embedded trigger electrode 12 is externally arranged on the cathode electrode enables the trigger electrode and the flashover material to be far away from the main gap electric arc, and the two are prevented from being ablated by the main gap electric arc;
the insulating support disk 13 is fixed on the outer side of the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9 to support the annular embedded trigger electrode 12 and the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11.
The external inclination angles of the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk 7, the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11 and the annular embedded trigger electrode 12 are selected to be 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 60 degrees.
The external inclination angle of the anode external expansion type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3 is matched with the external inclination angle of the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk 7, the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11 and the annular embedded trigger electrode 12.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the trigger electrode is designed into an outer inclined structure and is placed on the outer side of the cathode, so that the condensation and adsorption effects of the shielding cover on metal steam generated in the conduction process of the main gap can be fully utilized, the metal steam is effectively prevented from being deposited on the surface of the surface flashover material, and the influence of deposited metal aggregates on the service life of the switch is reduced.
(2) The mode of externally arranging the trigger electrode is combined with the longitudinal magnetic structure of the main electrode, so that the distance between the trigger electrode and the main gap arc in the arcing process can be increased, the risk of the trigger electrode being ablated by the arc is reduced, and the service life of the switch is prolonged.
(3) The outward-inclined gear-shaped embedded structure of the trigger electrode and the cathode electrode disk can utilize a magnetic field generated by axial switching current, so that the contraction of a creeping discharge channel is inhibited, and the ablation and carbonization of the surface of a creeping material are weakened. The extended area of the longitudinal magnetic electrode cup of the anode can effectively collect initial plasma generated by surface flashover, and the conduction speed is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a surface flashover vacuum trigger switch;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode structure of a surface flashover vacuum trigger switch;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the anode structure of the surface flashover vacuum trigger switch;
in the figure: 1, a shielding case; 2 an anode conductive rod; 3 an anode external expansion type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup; 4 an anode I-shaped supporting piece; 5 an anode electrode disk; 6 a cathode electrode disk; 7 cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk; 8 cathode I-shaped supporting pieces; 9 cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup; 10 a cathode conductive rod; 11 gear-shaped surface flashover material; 12 ring-shaped embedded trigger electrodes; 13 insulating support disks; 14 ceramic insulating housing.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of a 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure comprises an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a surface flashover material and a trigger electrode.
The anode electrode comprises an anode conducting rod 2, an anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3 and an anode electrode disk 5.
The anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3 is fixed on the upper portion of the anode conducting rod 2, the expansion area of the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup extends obliquely outwards from the traditional longitudinal magnetic electrode cup structure, and the expansion area is used for collecting initial plasma generated by surface breakdown and accelerating the conduction speed of the switch.
The anode electrode disk 5 is fixed in a shallow groove at the center of the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 3.
The cathode electrode comprises a cathode conducting rod 10, a cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9, a cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk 7 and a cathode electrode disk 6.
The cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9 is fixed on the upper part of the cathode conducting rod 10.
The center of the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk 7 is provided with a shallow groove for placing the cathode electrode disk 6.
The gear-shaped surface flashover material 11 is made of a semiconductor ceramic material and is in an axial symmetry shape.
The annular embedded trigger electrode 12 is made of metal materials, is axially symmetric, is provided with a gear-shaped bulge on the inner side, is directly connected with the upper side of the insulating support disc 13, and is sleeved on the outer side of the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11. By adjusting the material width of the gear-shaped surface flashover material in the horizontal direction and the material width of the gear-shaped surface flashover material in the vertical direction, the occurrence position of the surface flashover can be controlled, and the flashover can be caused in the vertical direction, so that the contraction of a flashover channel can be inhibited by using a magnetic field generated by axial switch current. The gear shape can effectively increase the surface flashover area and reduce the influence of metal vapor adhesion on the resistance of the trigger electrode in the arcing process. The outward inclined design can reduce the adhesion of metal vapor generated in the arcing process to the surface of a flashover material. Compared with the traditional built-in mode, the design mode that the annular embedded trigger electrode 12 is externally arranged on the cathode electrode can enable the trigger electrode and the flashover material to be far away from the main gap electric arc, and the trigger electrode and the flashover material are prevented from being ablated by the main gap electric arc.
The insulating support disk 13 is fixed on the outer side of the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup 9 to support the annular embedded trigger electrode 12 and the gear-shaped surface flashover material 11.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: in the working process of the annular embedded trigger electrode 12 of the vacuum switch, creeping discharge occurs on the gear-shaped creeping material 11, initial plasma is generated and enters the vacuum gap under the action of the main gap electric field, the distribution of the main gap electric field is changed, the main gap is broken down, and the switch is switched on. After the switch is switched on, a magnetic field generated by the axial switch current acts on a surface discharge channel on the flashover material 11, so that the contraction of the flashover channel is inhibited, and the service life of the switch is prolonged.
Claims (5)
1. A surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of a 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure is characterized in that the surface flashover vacuum trigger switch comprises an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a gear-shaped surface flashover material (11) and an annular embedded trigger electrode (12);
the anode electrode comprises an anode conducting rod (2), an anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3), an anode I-shaped supporting piece (4) and an anode electrode disc (5); the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3) is concentrically fixed on the upper part of the anode conducting rod (2), and the expansion area of the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup extends obliquely outwards from the traditional longitudinal magnetic electrode cup structure and is used for gathering initial plasma generated by surface breakdown and accelerating the conduction speed of a switch; the center of the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3) is provided with a shallow groove for installing and placing an anode electrode disk (5), and the anode electrode disk are connected in an equipotential manner; the anode electrode disk (5) is directly connected with the upper side of the anode external expansion type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3); the anode I-shaped supporting piece (4) is arranged inside the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3) and is used for supporting the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3);
the cathode electrode comprises a cathode conducting rod (10), a cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9), a cathode I-shaped supporting piece (8), a cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disc (7) and a cathode electrode disc (6); the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9) is concentrically fixed on the upper part of the cathode conducting rod (10); a shallow groove is formed in the center of the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disc (7) and used for placing the cathode electrode disc (6); the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disc (7) is fixed on the upper side of the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9); the cathode I-shaped supporting piece (8) is arranged in the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9) and is used for supporting the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9);
the gear-shaped surface flashover material (11) is made of a semiconductor ceramic material and is axially symmetrical;
the annular embedded trigger electrode (12) is made of metal materials, is axially symmetrical in shape, is provided with a gear-shaped bulge on the inner side, is used for being directly connected with the upper side of the insulating support disc (13), and is sleeved on the outer side of the gear-shaped surface flashover material (11); the generation position of the surface flashover is controlled by adjusting the material width of the gear-shaped surface flashover material (11) in the horizontal direction and the material width of the gear-shaped surface flashover material in the vertical direction, so that the flashover occurs in the vertical direction, and the contraction of a flashover channel is inhibited by a magnetic field generated by axial switching current; the shape of the gear effectively increases the surface flashover area and reduces the influence of metal vapor adhesion on the resistance of the trigger electrode in the arcing process; the outward inclined design can reduce the adhesion of metal vapor generated in the arcing process to the surface of the flashover material;
compared with the traditional built-in mode, the design mode that the annular embedded trigger electrode (12) is externally arranged on the cathode electrode enables the trigger electrode and the flashover material to be far away from the main gap electric arc, and the two are prevented from being ablated by the main gap electric arc;
and the insulating support disc (13) is fixed on the outer side of the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9) to support the annular embedded trigger electrode (12) and the gear-shaped surface flashover material (11).
2. The vacuum trigger switch of the 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure along the surface is characterized in that the external inclination angles of the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disc (7), the gear-shaped surface flashover material (11) and the annular embedded trigger electrode (12) are 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 60 degrees.
3. The vacuum trigger switch of the 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the external inclination angle of the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3) is matched with the external inclination angles of the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disk (7), the gear-shaped surface flashover material (11) and the annular embedded trigger electrode (12).
4. The surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of the 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure is characterized in that the anode conducting rod (2), the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3), the cathode conducting rod (10), the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9) and the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disc (7) are made of oxygen-free copper.
5. The surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of the 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure is characterized in that the anode conducting rod (2), the anode outward-expanding type longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (3), the cathode conducting rod (10), the cathode longitudinal magnetic electrode cup (9) and the cathode gear-shaped copper electrode disc (7) are made of oxygen-free copper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010638299.9A CN111681905B (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010638299.9A CN111681905B (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure |
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| CN111681905A CN111681905A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
| CN111681905B true CN111681905B (en) | 2021-09-24 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113594872B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-11-18 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Self-rotating arc control electrode of gas-triggered gap switch and design method |
| CN114709105B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-10-20 | 华中科技大学 | Small vacuum closed switch based on surface flashover principle and manufacturing method |
| CN115021083B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-10-20 | 西北核技术研究所 | Ceramic package sealing type low-jitter self-breakdown gas switch |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6075209A (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 2000-06-13 | Thomas & Betts International | Insulated cap for loadbreak bushing |
| CN201274375Y (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2009-07-15 | 西安交通大学 | Surface flashover vacuum CROWBAR switch |
| CN103296579B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2015-05-20 | 华中科技大学 | Surface-breakdown-type vacuum switch trigger electrode |
| CN103456555A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-18 | 华中科技大学 | Vacuum switch trigger electrode structure with arc blocking disk |
| CN104617491B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-11-24 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of surface breakdown type two is to rod pole structure Triggered Vacuum Switch |
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