CN105790075B - A kind of vacuum lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN105790075B CN105790075B CN201610204146.7A CN201610204146A CN105790075B CN 105790075 B CN105790075 B CN 105790075B CN 201610204146 A CN201610204146 A CN 201610204146A CN 105790075 B CN105790075 B CN 105790075B
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- electrode
- end casing
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- high pressure
- gap
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000025274 Lightning injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraflufen-ethyl Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC(C=2C(=C(OC(F)F)N(C)N=2)Cl)=C1F APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/02—Details
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- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Include vacuum gap unit and pressure divider circuit unit two parts the invention discloses a kind of vacuum lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect.Vacuum gap unit uses three-electrode structure, and the anode and cathode of main gap is center cavity structure with holes, and pre-ionization electrode is acicular texture, is placed in cathode internal, and preionization gap is constituted with negative electrode.Pressure divider circuit unit is constituted with resistance, electric capacity, is connected in parallel between main gap and preionization gap.Existing jet-impingement arc extinguishing lightning protection inter space technology is contrasted, the advantage of the device, which is embodied in, can timely and reliably cut off power frequency continued flow；It is reusable, long lifespan；And it is convenient for production, maintenance cost is low.Meanwhile, can safe and stable operation equipped with external insulation protection outside device.
Description
Technical field
It is particularly a kind of new true based on hollow cathode effect the present invention relates to power system lightning protection device technical field
Empty lightning protection inter space device.
Background technology
At present, transmission line of electricity lightning protection is one of important leverage mode of power system stability operation.The mistake produced during thunderbolt
Voltage is likely to cause power equipment flashover, and then produces power frequency continued flow, seriously endangers the stabilization of power equipment safety and power network
Operation.Therefore power department typically realizes protecting effect using lightning protection inter space in parallel is installed additional in transmission line of electricity or power equipment.
Existing arrester employs a variety of different technology paths, wherein the conventional lightning protection inter space with jet-impingement and circuit are lightning-arrest
Although device is widely used, but also there are many open defects, for example：
1. the existing lightning protection inter space device with jet-impingement, most complicated, volume is larger, uses, maintenance cost
Height, is easily damaged and fails.Also, service life is short, limited by arc extinguishing with gas ball quantity, be only capable of work several times even one
It is secondary, it is necessary to frequently change.
2. existing leakage conductor is although cheap, the ability for suppressing overvoltage is strong, but when breaking down, it has
It may not automatically disengage, jeopardize the safety of power system, and the arrester with disconnector, in addition to cost is high, its disconnector
It is disposable.
The content of the invention
To solve deficiency of the prior art, the present invention is provided between a kind of novel evacuated lightning protection based on hollow cathode effect
Gap device；
Described device includes vacuum gap unit (1) and pressure divider circuit unit (2)；
The vacuum gap unit (1) is connected in parallel with pressure divider circuit unit (2), upper end and high voltage transmission line after parallel connection
(11) it is connected, lower end ground connection.
Prior art is contrasted, advantage of the invention is that：
1. service life is long, slight to the ablation of vacuum gap unit internal electrode using hollow cathode effect, repeatable to make
With the life-span is limited solely by device materials degree of aging and air-tightness, little with number of lightning strokes relation；
2. under vacuum environment, discharge plasma diffusion is rapid, power current zero crossing can natural blow-out, in time,
Power frequency continued flow is assuredly shut off, so as to reduce the tripping rate with lightning strike of circuit；
3. simple in construction, maintenance cost is low, periodic cleaning vacuum gap cell surface is only needed during outdoor application, interior makes
Used time is with little need for maintenance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment in the present invention；Wherein：1. vacuum gap unit；2. pressure divider circuit list
Member；3. high-field electrode；4. ceramic insulation cylinder；5. grounding electrode；6. pre-ionization electrode；7. high pressure end casing；8. it is grounded end casing；
9. resistance；10. electric capacity；11. high-pressure side；12. vacuum electrode.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing 1 and specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but the embodiment is not intended to limit the present invention's
Protection domain.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of novel evacuated lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect；
Described device includes vacuum gap unit (1) and pressure divider circuit unit (2)；
The vacuum gap unit (1) is connected in parallel with pressure divider circuit unit (2), upper end and high voltage transmission line after parallel connection
(11) it is connected, lower end ground connection.
Apparatus structure described in the present embodiment is simple, and easy for installation, service life is extremely long, and reliability is high, rapidly can may be used
By arc extinguishing.The tripping rate with lightning strike and accident rate of power system, protection circuit and power equipment safety can be reduced, power network fortune is improved
Row stability.
In one embodiment, the vacuum gap unit (1) includes high-field electrode (3), ceramic insulation cylinder (4), ground connection
Electrode (5), pre-ionization electrode (6), high pressure end casing (7) and ground connection end casing (8)；
The high-field electrode (3) is connected with high pressure end casing (7)；
The grounding electrode (5) is connected with ground connection end casing (8)；
The high pressure end casing (7) is connected with ground connection end casing (8) by ceramic insulation cylinder (4)；
The pre-ionization electrode (6) is connected with the high pressure end casing (7).
In the present embodiment, it is 1~100Pa low vacuum environment, its flash-over characteristic inside the vacuum gap unit (1)
It is left half positioned at Ba Shen curves, atmospheric pressure value, the breakdown potential of control vacuum gap unit (1) are adjusted by vavuum pump in production
Pressure.
In the present embodiment, the vavuum pump is located at the outside of described device, for adjusting inside vacuum gap unit
Atmospheric pressure value.
In one embodiment, vacuum gap unit also includes vacuum electrode；
The pre-ionization electrode (6) is connected by vacuum electrode (12) with high pressure end casing (7).
In the present embodiment, the vacuum electrode is used to transmit the telecommunications between the pre-ionization electrode and high pressure end casing
Number.
In one embodiment, the ceramic insulation cylinder (4) uses with high pressure end casing (7) and ground connection end casing (8) and made pottery
Porcelain-metal welding methods are tightly connected.
In the present embodiment, the ceramic-metal welding method includes laser welding, electron beam welding, Solid-phase welding etc.
Other method.
In one embodiment, with holes, rear is the circle of cavity centered on the high-field electrode (3) and grounding electrode (5)
Column structure, the two is coaxially arranged.
In the present embodiment, it is because only that two electrode front ends that both the high-field electrode and grounding electrode are coaxially arranged
Under conditions of parallel and aperture is coaxial, just hollow cathode effect can be produced in electric discharge.
In one embodiment, the pressure divider circuit unit (2) is in series by resistance (9) and electric capacity (10)；
The resistance (9) is connected in parallel between pre-ionization electrode (6) and high pressure end casing (7), and the electric capacity (10) is connected in parallel on
Between high pressure end casing (7) and ground connection end casing (8).
In the present embodiment, under power frequency during normal work, due to the partial pressure effect of the resistance and electric capacity, most of voltage
Drop on the high pressure end casing and ground connection end casing, i.e., between described high-field electrode and grounding electrode.The preionization electricity
The voltage very little undertaken between pole and high-field electrode, will not discharge therebetween, between the high-field electrode and grounding electrode
Main gap will not puncture.
When lightning impulse or switching impulse overvoltage arrive, due to the partial pressure effect of the resistance and electric capacity, big portion
Component voltage is dropped between the pre-ionization electrode and high-field electrode, and gap therebetween punctures first, and then the high pressure
Main gap electric discharge between electrode and grounding electrode, dash current of releasing.After impulse overvoltage disappears, main gap is in power frequency electric
The natural blow-out of the zero crossing of stream, due to being low vacuum environment inside the vacuum gap unit, discharge channel plasma is rapid
Dissipate, current cut-off.
In one embodiment, it is the low vacuum environment of Pascal's magnitude inside the vacuum gap unit (1), it discharges
Characteristic is located at half, a Ba Shen curves left side, by adjusting atmospheric pressure value, the flash-over characteristic of control vacuum gap unit (1).
In the present embodiment, the discharge voltage of the vacuum gap unit is with the product reduction of air pressure and clearance distance
Increase, so its flash-over characteristic is located at half, a Ba Shen curves left side；By progressively adjusting in test vacuum gap atmospheric pressure value, to control
The flash-over characteristic of vacuum gap processed.
In one embodiment, the pre-ionization electrode (6) is arranged on the same axis with high-field electrode (3).
In the present embodiment, pre-ionization electrode is arranged on high-field electrode axis is in order that pre-ionization electrode (6) is right
The discharge probability of each point of high-field electrode (3) is identical, it is to avoid is only discharged in the same point of high-field electrode (3), causes serious ablation,
And then influence performance and the life-span of high-field electrode (3).
In one embodiment, leak rate is met when being tightly connected using ceramic-metal welding method<10-8Pa·L/s
Requirement.
In the present embodiment, leak rate is met<10-8PaL/s requirement, primarily to ensureing in discharging gap apparatus
Portion's air pressure (1~2 year) in life cycle, air pressure change is small so that its discharge voltage has good stability.
In one embodiment, the control of the distance between the high-field electrode (3) and grounding electrode (5) is in 3~5mm.
In the present embodiment, the distance controlling of high-field electrode and grounding electrode 3-5mm be because discharge voltage be by away from
From what is controlled, it is arranged on this and enables to the discharge voltage of vacuum gap device in 30~40kV apart from segment.
In one embodiment, a kind of novel evacuated lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect is disclosed, including
Vacuum gap unit 1 and pressure divider circuit unit 2.The vacuum gap unit 1, part includes high-field electrode 3, ceramic insulation
Cylinder 4, grounding electrode 5, pre-ionization electrode 6, high pressure end casing 7 and ground connection end casing 8.The ceramic insulation cylinder 4 and high pressure end cap
Plate 7 and ground connection end casing 8 are tightly connected using ceramic-metal welding method, meet leak rate<10-8PaL/s requirement.Institute
State the cylindrical structure that with holes, rear centered on high-field electrode 3 and grounding electrode 5 is cavity, the two coaxial line parallel arrangement, away from
From control in millimeter magnitude.The pre-ionization electrode 6 is connected by vacuum electrode 12 with high pressure end casing 7, is arranged in high pressure
On the axis of electrode 3.The pressure divider circuit unit 2 is in series by resistance 9 and electric capacity 10.The vacuum gap unit 1 is with dividing
Pressure circuit units 2 are connected in parallel, and upper end is connected with high voltage transmission line 11, lower end ground connection.The pre-ionization electrode 6 and high-pressure side
11 are connected, and the resistance 9 is connected in parallel between pre-ionization electrode 6 and high pressure end casing 7, and the electric capacity 10 is connected in parallel on high pressure end cap
Between plate 7 and ground connection end casing 8.The inside of vacuum gap unit 1 is the low vacuum environment of Pascal's magnitude, its flash-over characteristic
It is left half positioned at Ba Shen curves, by adjusting atmospheric pressure value, the flash-over characteristic of control vacuum gap unit 1.
Under power frequency during normal work, due to the partial pressure effect of the resistance 9 and electric capacity 10, most of voltage landing is described
On high pressure end casing 7 and ground connection end casing 8, i.e., between described high-field electrode 3 and grounding electrode 5.The pre-ionization electrode 6 and height
The voltage very little undertaken between piezoelectricity pole 3, will not discharge therebetween, between the master between the high-field electrode 3 and grounding electrode 5
Gap will not puncture.
When lightning impulse or switching impulse overvoltage arrive, due to the partial pressure effect of the resistance 9 and electric capacity 10, greatly
Portion voltage is dropped between the pre-ionization electrode 6 and high-field electrode 3, and gap therebetween punctures first, and then described
Main gap electric discharge between high-field electrode 3 and grounding electrode 5, dash current of releasing.After impulse overvoltage disappears, main gap exists
The natural blow-out of the zero crossing of power current, because the inside of vacuum gap unit 1 is low vacuum environment, discharge channel plasma
Body dissipates rapidly, current cut-off.
The principle and its effect of the merely exemplary explanation present invention of above-described embodiment, preferred embodiment does not have detailed descriptionthe institute
Some details, it is only described embodiment that the invention is not limited yet.For those skilled in the art, do not disobeying
Under the spirit and scope for carrying on the back the present invention, any equivalent transformation based on the basis of technical solution of the present invention, it is simple replace etc. it is aobvious and
The change being clear to, is belonged within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of vacuum lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect, described device includes vacuum gap unit (1) and divided
Press circuit units (2), it is characterised in that：
The vacuum gap unit (1) is connected in parallel with pressure divider circuit unit (2), one end and high voltage transmission line (11) phase after parallel connection
Connection, other end ground connection；
The vacuum gap unit (1) includes high-field electrode (3), ceramic insulation cylinder (4), grounding electrode (5), pre-ionization electrode
(6), high pressure end casing (7) and ground connection end casing (8)；
The high-field electrode (3) is connected with high pressure end casing (7)；
The grounding electrode (5) is connected with ground connection end casing (8)；
The high pressure end casing (7) is connected with ground connection end casing (8) by ceramic insulation cylinder (4)；
The pre-ionization electrode (6) is connected with the high pressure end casing (7)；
The pressure divider circuit unit (2) is in series by resistance (9) and electric capacity (10)；
The resistance (9) is connected in parallel between pre-ionization electrode (6) and high pressure end casing (7), and the electric capacity (10) is connected in parallel on high pressure
Between end casing (7) and ground connection end casing (8).
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vacuum gap unit also includes vacuum electrode (12)；
The pre-ionization electrode (6) is connected by vacuum electrode (12) with high pressure end casing (7).
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Ceramic insulation cylinder (4) and high pressure end casing (7) and connect
Ground end casing (8) is tightly connected using ceramic-metal welding method.
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
With holes, rear is the cylindrical structure of cavity, the two coaxial cloth centered on the high-field electrode (3) and grounding electrode (5)
Put.
5. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：For 1~100Pa's inside the vacuum gap unit (1)
Low vacuum environment, its flash-over characteristic is located at half, a Ba Shen curves left side, and passing through vavuum pump in production adjusts atmospheric pressure value, controls vacuum
The breakdown voltage of gap element (1).
6. device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The pre-ionization electrode (6) is arranged in high-field electrode (3)
On same axis.
7. device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：To expire when being tightly connected using ceramic-metal welding method
Sufficient leak rate<10-8PaL/s requirement.
8. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Between the high-field electrode (3) and grounding electrode (5) away from
From control in 3~5mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610204146.7A CN105790075B (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2016-04-01 | A kind of vacuum lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610204146.7A CN105790075B (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2016-04-01 | A kind of vacuum lightning protection inter space device based on hollow cathode effect |
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| CN105790075A CN105790075A (en) | 2016-07-20 |
| CN105790075B true CN105790075B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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| CN111834915B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2021-07-27 | 段小嬿 | Method and system for back-flushing extinguishing arc plasma |
| CN112666428A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-16 | 西安交通大学 | Vacuum gap-based lightning arrester operation simulation test system |
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| CN100370565C (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2008-02-20 | 西安交通大学 | Controllable discharge switch of high-energy impulse in three electrodes under vacuum environment |
| CN201066763Y (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-05-28 | 肖鹏 | Combined arrester for compound resistance capacitance |
| CN201274375Y (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2009-07-15 | 西安交通大学 | Surface flashover vacuum CROWBAR switch |
| JP5792051B2 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2015-10-07 | 北陸電力株式会社 | Arrestor failure determination method and failure determination apparatus |
| CN104617491B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-11-24 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of surface breakdown type two is to rod pole structure Triggered Vacuum Switch |
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