CN100369035C - 使用静态列表管理数据的系统和方法 - Google Patents

使用静态列表管理数据的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN100369035C
CN100369035C CNB2004800013542A CN200480001354A CN100369035C CN 100369035 C CN100369035 C CN 100369035C CN B2004800013542 A CNB2004800013542 A CN B2004800013542A CN 200480001354 A CN200480001354 A CN 200480001354A CN 100369035 C CN100369035 C CN 100369035C
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J·F·穆尔
R·M·斑克斯
C·K·凡多克
D·G·德沃契克
T·P·米基
W·R·史密斯
C·J·古扎克
R·伊万诺维奇
J·C·贝尔特
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Abstract

提供了一种方法和系统，其中静态列表便于数据项的与其存储单元无关且对用户有意义的任意分组。静态列表是由一根项所定义的一组项、一方向、以及与该方向上根项的条目关系。静态列表还定义列表中每个条目关系需要具有的属性。动词被提供来管理静态列表。动词是可在静态列表中项上执行的动作，并包括移动、拷贝、添加、移除、以及删除等等。视图被提供以指定用于从静态列表中显示数据的特征，包括可见性、顺序、以及格式化等等。

Description

使用静态列表管理数据的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及数据存储系统，尤其涉及使用静态列表管理数据的系统和方法。
背景技术
随着使用电子介质来存储文本、音乐、图片、以及其它类型数据越来越多，而对数据存储能力的限制越来越少，计算机用户发现他们自己得面对要管理的大量文件。诸如基于文件分配表格或FAT文件系统的常规文件系统，可使文件管理困难。例如，用常规文件系统提供的对文件的传统目录访问，假设用户想要在分层结构目录树上维护其文件。然而，从用户观点而言，除了是位置相关的之外，分层结构组织不是访问文件的最好方法。
在Windows操作系统用户界面的环境中，一种使对文件的访问较为简便的技术是快捷方式。提供到文件链接的快捷方式可在桌面上或在文件夹中创建，且是不必到其永久存储单元中启动程序或打开文件或文件夹的快速方法。但快捷方式可能不可靠，因为它们不会更新以反映存储单元中的变化或下层文件的状态。例如，将文件移到不同目录导致访问快捷方式时的错误。
使对文件的访问更为简便的另一种技术是播放列表。媒体播放器提供给用户播放列表以组织某些类型的文件用作后来的回放的方法。例如，在Windows MediaPlayer中，播放列表包含对音乐文件的引用，用于按指定顺序通过媒体播放机回放。但播放列表也有像快捷方式一样的缺点，因为播放列表中的引用不会更新以反映存储单元中的变化或下层文件的状态。如果移动或删除了音乐文件，用户必须搜寻所有的音乐列表以更新或移除过时的引用。
访问文件的快捷方式和播放列表模型还受它们不能向用户提供除了通过另一文件夹或以某种顺序之外访问项的可选方法的限制。
发明内容
为了克服上述问题，提供了使用静态列表管理数据的系统、方法、以及计算机可访问介质。静态列表便于数据项的与其存储单元无关且对用户有意义的任意分组。
根据本发明一方面，静态列表是由一根项所定义的一组项、一方向、以及与该方向上根项的关系。通过跟随条目与根项的关系来确定该组中的项。方向是向着或来自该根目录，取决于该根项是条目关系的目标还是源。静态列表还定义列表中每个条目关系需要具有的属性。
根据本发明另一方面，动词被提供来管理静态列表。动词是可在静态列表中项上执行的动作，并包括移动、拷贝、添加、移除、以及删除等等。在项上执行的动作包括在项和根项之间的条目关系上执行的动作。
根据本发明又一方面，视图被提供以指定用于从静态列表中显示数据的特征，包括可见性、顺序、以及格式化等等。
根据本发明再一方面，使用静态列表，用户能够把某些安全特性传播给列表中的项，从而其它人可通过该列表访问它们。用户还可把其它信息添加到列表中作为提高列表和其中所包含项的可用性的元数据。
根据本发明的另外一方面，使用静态列表，列表中的每一项被自动管理，从而数据的引用在数据的存储单元、状态或其它特征改变时仍一直有效。
根据本发明其它方面，提供使用静态列表管理数据的计算机可访问介质。计算机可访问介质包括用以创建和管理静态列表的数据和计算机可执行组件。数据定义静态列表和其中所包含的项。计算机可执行组件能够执行一般与上述方法一致的动作。
附图说明
参阅以下说明书及附图，将更容易认识同时也更容易理解本发明的前述方面和许多存在优点，其中：
图1是根据本发明形成的使用静态列表管理数据的概念存储模型的示图；
图2是根据本发明形成的用于定义静态列表的概念存储模型其它方面的示图；
图3是根据本发明形成的用于定义静态列表的概念存储模型另外方面的示图；
图4是根据本发明形成的用于定义静态列表中列表条目的概念存储模型其它方面的示图；
图5是根据本发明形成的用于定义示例性静态列表的概念存储模型其它方面的示图；
图6是包含图5中示例性静态列表中所陈述的属性名称和列表项的值的网格示图；
图7是根据本发明形成的包含可在静态列表中使用的项组的用户界面示图；
图8是根据本发明形成的显示包含图7所示项的示例性静态列表的用户界面示图；
图9是根据本发明形成的显示包含图8所示示例性静态列表的另一示例性静态列表的用户界面示图；
图10是根据本发明形成的用于定义可应用于静态列表的示图的概念存储模型其它方面的示图；
图11是根据本发明形成的适于包含静态列表的通用计算机系统的框图；
图12是示出根据本发明形成的由使用静态列表管理数据的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图；
图13是示出根据本发明形成的由用于在静态列表之间移动项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图；
图14是示出根据本发明形成的由用于在静态列表之间拷贝项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图；
图15是示出根据本发明形成的由用于将项添加到静态列表的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图；
图16是示出根据本发明形成的由用于从静态列表中移除项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图；
图17是示出根据本发明形成的由用于从静态列表中删除项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图；
图18是根据本发明形成的使用XML文件的静态列表实现的框图纵览；
图19是根据本发明形成的使用文件系统容件的静态列表实现的框图纵览；
具体实施方式
以下描述旨在提供适于实现本发明各个特征的计算系统的简要描述。尽管计算系统将在分布式计算环境中可用的个人计算机一般环境中描述，其中附属任务由通过通信网络链接在一起的远程计算装置执行，但本领域技术人员将理解本发明可用许多其它计算机系统配置实践，包括微处理器系统、小型计算机、大型计算机等等。除了上述的较为常规的计算机系统，本领域技术人员将理解本发明可在其它计算装置上实践，包括膝上型计算机、书写板计算机、个人数字助理(PDA)、以及在其上安装计算机软件或其它数字内容的其它装置。
尽管本发明的诸方面可根据应用程序执行的程序以及个人计算机来描述，本领域技术人员将理解这些方面还可结合其它程序模块实现。一般而言，程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等。
图1是根据本发明形成的使用静态列表管理数据的概念存储模型的示图。项150是数据的主要容件。每个项包含保持数据的多个属性130，以及定义项具有哪些属性的类型120的引用。项150可包含未由项类型120定义的其它属性130。
关系110是两个项之间的关联。每个关系取决于关系110方向指向称为源102或目标104的两个项150。源项102发起关系110，而目标项104接收关系110。
扩展140类似于项150，因为它包含由类型120定义的属性130。但扩展140实际上与一个项150相关联并具有不同类型120。
类型120通过其属性来定义项150、关系110、或扩展140的结构。因为类型120可与项、关系、或扩展一起使用，它们共称为项类型、关系类型或扩展类型。
图2是根据本发明形成的用于定义静态集的概念存储模型其它方面的示图。具体地，图2示出了静态集220。如图所示，静态集220是使用关系类型230使项150显式关联于其它项的集210。静态集220包含根项150、关系类型230、以及从根项到相关联项的特定方向，目标方向104或源方向102。通过跟随具有根项为源或目标的给定类型关系，取决于在组中指定的方向，可确定静态集的成员资格。
项150、关系类型230以及方向102/104的任何组合确定静态集220。例如，文档作者的集通过从文档根项跟随作者关系来发现，就像通过跟随另一方向上的同一关系能发现由某人制作的文档集。
图3是根据本发明形成的用于定义静态列表的概念存储模型另外方面的示图。静态列表310是使用户能以任意方式将项150组织到集中去的一类静态集220。静态列表310包括列表项320和列表条目关系类型330。列表项320是根项，而列表条目关系类型330定义属性130和方向102/104的集，它是列表中每个关系110在指定每个属性130的属性名称350的条目模板340中必须具有的。因为每个关系110具有相同的属性130，静态列表310可视作一表格或网格，其中每个条目关系110是行而每个属性130是列，其示例参照图5和6如下所述。
图4是根据本发明形成的用于定义静态列表中列表条目的概念存储模型其它方面的示图。具体地，列表条目410是具有一个或多个属性130的关系110。图5是根据本发明形成的用于定义示例性静态列表的概念存储模型其它方面的示图。作为静态列表310的根项的列表项320是两个列表条目关系510A和510B的源102，该两个关系使列表项320与目标项图片A 520A以及图片B 520B相关联。每个关系510A和510B具有两个在条目模板340中定义的属性530和540。属性530A和530B是对被引用图片-图片A 520A以及图片B 520B-的评论，具有相应值“What along neck！”以及“Say Cheese！”。属性540A和540B是对被引用图片-图片A 520A以及图片B 520B-的分级，具有相应值“4”以及“5”。
图6是包含图5中示例性静态列表中所陈述的属性名称和列表项的值的网格示图。如图所示，包括图片A 650和图片B 660的列表项320形成网格600的行，而与那些列表项320相关联的属性名称350是网格600的列。属性名称350基于条目模板340，且在所示示例中为前述评论620和分级630。其它属性名称350也可被添加，诸如指定应在显示器中呈现的列表项320顺序的顺序610，以及用户可能认为有用的该类项的任何其它信息640。
图7是根据本发明形成的包含可在静态列表中使用的项组的用户界面示图。如图所示，该项组用于My Pictures(我的图片)710，且包含6个图片-图片A 720A、图片B 720B、图片C 720C、图片D 720D、图片E 720E、以及图片F 720F。
图8是根据本发明形成的显示包含图7所示某些项的示例性静态列表810的用户界面800的示图。使用如图5所示的示例性状态列表，标为“good giraffepictures”(好的长颈鹿图片)的静态列表810被示为带有如图6所示的6个图片中的两个，包括对应于目标项520A和B 520B(图5)的图片A 720A和图片B 720B。伴随的文本“What a long neck！”820A和“Say cheese！”820B对应于评论属性530A和530B。
图9是根据本发明形成的显示包含图8所示示例性静态列表810的另一示例性静态列表910的用户界面900示图。另外，标有“My Safari Notes”的静态列表910还包含文本“We saw giraffees...”920X和“Then we saw elephants”920Y，它们对应于为静态列表910中关系110定义的属性130，即例如由条目模板340为旅行的根列表项320定义的属性130。在此，目标项150是大象的图片-图片D 720D和图片F 720F-也是图8中示出的原始静态列表810。这示出静态列表可具有实际上是其它静态列表的目标项，即，静态列表可嵌套。
图10是根据本发明形成的用于定义可应用于静态列表的示图的概念存储模型其它方面的示图。示图1010是属性信息1020的集合。属性信息1020指定属性130的属性名称1030，以及为项150和包括静态列表310的关系110而定义的相应属性130的显示特征。通过根据属性名称1030检索属性130，并将显示特征应用于属性130的值来为把值结合到诸如图8和9所示用户界面的用户界面以向用户显示列表作准备，示图1010被应用于静态列表310中。
图11是根据本发明形成的适于包含静态列表的通用计算机系统的框图。系统110具有包括处理单元1122、系统存储器1124、以及将系统存储器耦合到处理单元1122的系统总线1126的个人计算机1102。系统存储器1124包括只读存储器(ROM)1128和随机存取存储器(RAM)1130。包含有助于例如启动期间在个人计算机1102的元件之间传送信息的基本例程的基本输入/输出系统1132(BIOS)被存储在ROM 1128内。个人计算机1102还包括硬盘驱动器1134、例如读取或写入可移动盘1140的磁盘驱动器1138、例如读取CD-ROM盘1144或读取或写入其它光学介质的光盘驱动器1142。硬盘驱动器1134、磁盘驱动器1138、以及光盘驱动器1142分别由硬盘驱动器接口1154、磁盘驱动器接口1156、以及光盘驱动器接口1160连接到系统总线1126。驱动器及其相关联计算机可读介质提供个人计算机1102的非易失存储。尽管以上计算机可读介质的描述指的是硬盘、可移动磁盘、以及CD-ROM盘，本领域技术人员应理解也可在示例性操作环境中使用其它类型的计算机可读介质，诸如磁卡、闪存卡、数字视频盘、Bernoulli卡、ZIP盘等。
包括操作系统1146、一个或多个应用程序1148、其它程序模块1150(诸如本发明的扩展和接口)以及程序数据1152(包括本发明的命令项和插入存储单元数据)的诸多程序模块可被存储在盘和RAM 1130中。用户可通过诸如键盘1160或鼠标1162的输入装置将命令和信息输入到个人计算机1102中。其它输入装置(未示出)可包括话筒、触摸屏、操纵杆、游戏垫、卫星接收器、扫描仪等等。这些和其它输出装置常常通过与系统总线耦合的用户输入接口1164连接到处理单元1122，但也可由诸如游戏端口或通用串行总线(USB)的其它接口(未示出)连接。显示装置1190还可通过显示子系统连接到系统总线1126，该子系统通常包括图形显示接口(未示出)和有时称为显示器驱动器与图形显示接口相连的代码模块。尽管示为单机装置，显示装置1190可被集成到个人计算机1102的外壳中。此外，在其它适于实现本发明的计算系统中，诸如PDA，显示器上可覆盖触摸屏。除在图11中示出的元件之外，客户机装置通常还包括其它外围输出装置(未示出)，诸如扬声器或打印机。
个人计算机1102可在可以在使用与一台或多台远程计算机，诸如远程计算机1165的逻辑连接的网络化环境中运行。远程计算机1165可以是服务器、路由器、对等装置或其它公共网络节点，而且通常包括上述与个人计算机1102相关的许多或全部组件。图1中所描绘的逻辑连接包括局域网(LAN)1166和广域网(WAN)1167。LAN 1166和WAN 1167可以是有线的、无线的、或其组合。这样的网络化环境在办公室、企业范围计算机网络、企业内部互联网和因特网上是常见的。
当用于LAN网络化环境中时，计算机1102通过网络接口1168与局域网1166连接。当用于WAN网络化环境中时，计算机1102通常包括调制解调器1169或其它用于在广域网1167，诸如因特网中建立通信的装置。可以是内置式或外置式的调制解调器1169与系统总线1126通过用户输入接口1164连接。在网络化环境中，与计算机1102相关的程序模块或其一部分可存储在远程存储器存储装置中。应当理解，所示网络连接是示例性的，且其它用于在计算机间建立通信连接的技术也可以使用。此外，LAN 1166和WAN 1167可用作系统非易失存储的源。
图12是示出根据本发明形成的由使用静态列表管理数据的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图。在处理框1210，用户还定义他或她想要要求用于每个列表条目关系即列表条目模板的那个属性。再一次，使用同一示例，列表条目关系被定义为具有描述与目标图片相关联的评论以及分级的至少两个属性。在处理框1220，处理器使用定义来产生静态列表，包括对应于条目模板的用户输入产生列表条目关系。例如，依赖于在实施例中采用的图形用户界面的类型，用户可从图7所示的用户界面710把可任意选择的目标图片拖放到图8所示的用户界面810中。该用户动作将触发根据列表条目模板340(图3和图5)产生静态列表中列表条目关系。
在一实施例中，处理在处理框1230上继续，其中用户可选择把先前定义的示图1010应用到列表中以便在处理框1240上显示诸如如图8所示用户界面810的用户界面上的列表内容。
图13是示出根据本发明形成的由用于在静态列表之间移动项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图。该过程在响应于将项从一静态列表移到另一列表的用户输入而调用的预定过程框1310上开始。处理在过程框1320上开始，其中处理器从当前静态列表中删除与选定项相关联的列表条目关系。在处理框1330上，处理器创建新列表的条目关系类型的一新实例。在判定框1340，处理确定在创建的该类条目关系是否与刚从旧列表中删除的那类条目关系一样。如果是，处理在过程框1350上继续，其中处理器将条目关系的属性从旧的拷贝到新的中。因此，例如如果该类条目关系被标注为好的长颈鹿图片，则评论和分级的相同属性将被拷贝到新列表中。
图14是示出根据本发明形成的由用于在静态列表之间拷贝项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图。该过程在响应于将项从一静态列表拷贝到另一列表的用户输入而调用的预定处理框1410上开始。类似于参照图13描述的移动逻辑，在处理框1420上，处理器创建新列表的条目关系类型的一新实例。在判定框1430，处理确定在创建的该类条目关系是否与原始列表中定义的那类条目关系一样。如果是，处理在处理框1440上继续，其中处理器将条目关系的属性从原始的拷贝到新的中。
图15是示出根据本发明形成的由用于将项添加到静态列表的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图。该过程在响应于将项添加到静态列表的用户输入而调用的预定处理框1510上开始。在处理框1520上，处理器创建新列表的条目关系类型的一新实例。
图16是示出根据本发明形成的由用于从静态列表中移除项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图。该过程在响应于从一静态列表移除项的用户输入而调用的预定处理框1610上开始。在处理框1620上，处理器从列表中删除列表条目关系。
图17是示出根据本发明形成的由用于从静态列表中删除项的通用计算机系统执行的逻辑的流程图。该过程在响应于从一静态列表删除项的用户输入而调用的预定处理框1710上开始。在处理框1720上，处理器首先确定当删除项是目标时存在的所有列表条目关系。一旦完成，处理器从删除项是目标项104时的列表中删除所有列表条目关系。在处理框1730，处理器删除项本身。
图18是根据本发明形成的使用XML文件的静态列表实现的框图纵览。在使用常规文件系统的处理系统1102中(图11)，更适于使用XML文件1810实现静态列表以表示列表310中对项150的未持有引用1830。未持有引用1830是如果项本身改变存储单元或被删除不能动态解析的那些引用。XML文件1810允许处理系统1102以外壳链接数据1840的形式有利地串行化对被引用项的链接。外壳链接数据1840被用来有利于指向项150的任何绝对路径，因为它包含对被引用项的持续标记。外壳链接数据1840还包括在已移动目标项的情形中允许处理系统1102解析引用1830的线索。例如，线索包括诸如项创建日期和各种形式的文件系统路径。
XML文件还允许处理系统1102存储并追踪用户定义的任意元数据1820以表示项150和关系110的属性130。在这种实现中，属性130由其所赋予的总体唯一标识(GUID)加上也在Windows操作系统中被称为PROPERTYKEY的属性标识来标识。元数据1820还可被有利地用以把某些静态列表的安全特征传送给引用项150。
图19是根据本发明形成的使用文件系统容件的静态列表实现1900的框图纵览。在采用更先进文件系统来使用关系数据库管理数据的处理系统1102(图11)中，更适于将静态列表320模拟为文件系统容件1910。取决于被引用项是否存储在容件1910的同一范围内，文件系统容件1910是包括对项150的持有引用1920以及项之间关系110的文件对象。
在一示例情形中，用户想要产生用以向客户呈现其公司新产品刹车垫的文档列表。文档包括深入描述刹车垫技术的各个Word文档、PowerPoint演示、刹车垫的图片、以及有些使用红外线照相机示出刹车垫动作的视频文件。用户向具有不同需要、喜好和想法的不同客户作演示。结果，用户想要定制该演示。使用静态列表，用户可创建不同的静态列表，每个都引用相同项但以不同顺序引用(调整向观众的演示)。用户还可包括不同的重要属性。例如，对于一客户所有项的销售价格都清楚地示出(并可专用于一用户)，而对其它客户，遮盖了销售价格。在另一示例中，用户可包括揭示他们所有的质保书和奖励的最新细节的属性。
在该示例情形中，自动维护静态列表。当用户从列表之一中删除文档之一，该文档在其被引用的所有其它列表上仍然可用。另一方面，当用户从其所驻留的文件夹中删除文档之一，则指向该文档的所有列表被更新以移除引用使该引用不再显示为死链接。
因此，用户可有利地创建对特定观众定制的无限量静态列表，且避免管理那些列表中所有引用的。
尽管已说明和描述了本发明的当前优选实施例，将理解可作各种变化而不背离本发明的精神和范围。例如，应注意无论所采用的是哪类文件系统，都可在处理系统1102上采用上述实现的任一种。甚至在能够使用容件1910的处理系统1102上，其中需要与使用更多常规文件系统的互操作性，将静态列表标识为XML文件1810是有利的。此外，在其它实施例中，无论采用文件系统的类型是什么，静态列表中的项可使用任何用户界面呈现给用户，包括WindowsShell用户界面的文件夹。当各种操作在静态列表上或列表中项上执行时，操作由文件夹处理或被指定为被引用项的目标，即目标项。
尽管已说明并描述了本发明的优选实施例，将理解可作各种变化而不背离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (27)

1.一种用于管理列表中数据的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
创建具有项类型和关系类型的列表；
通过根据所述关系类型产生所述列表中一条目把项添加到所述列表中，所述条目表示项与项类型之间的关联。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括改变所述项的存储单元并更新所述条目以指向所述已改变的存储单元。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述项被删除时，改变所述项的状态，且更新所述条目包括从所述列表中移除所述条目。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括定义所述关系类型的一属性，其中根据所述关系类型在所述列表中产生一条目包括产生所述属性的值。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将所述项移到新列表，其中移动包括从所述原始列表中删除所述条目，在所述新列表中产生条目，并拷贝所述新列表的关系类型所具有的与所述原始列表的关系类型相同的任意属性的值。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将所述项拷贝到新列表，其中拷贝包括在所述新列表中产生条目，并拷贝所述新列表的关系类型所具有的与所述原始列表的关系类型相同的任意属性的值。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括删除一项，其中删除包括从所述列表中移除所述条目，并移除其它列表中任意其它条目，其中所述其它条目还表示与所述项的关联。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括将一示图应用到所述列表，其中应用所述示图包括在列表中检索具有与在所述示图中指定的属性相匹配的条目，并把显示特征应用于所述匹配属性的值。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述列表是XML格式的文件，其中所述条目是对关联于项类型的项的非持有引用，且所述属性是与所述项相关联的元数据，并且更新所述条目包括串行化对所述引用的外壳链接。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述列表是文件系统容件，且所述条目是对项的持有引用，所述持有引用反映了所述项的当前状态。
11.一种用于管理数据的系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
一存储介质，用于存储数据项和列表条目模板；
一操作单元，用于操作响应于用户输入产生选定项列表的过程，其中所述列表的每个条目表示对项的引用而与项在所述存储介质中的存储单元无关，且其中每个条目包括根据所述列表条目模板产生的属性值；以及
一显示单元，用于显示所述列表中项示图，所述示图包括根据显示特征的条目属性值的显示。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述已存储的数据项被移到新的存储单元，且产生所述项列表的过程包括更新所述条目以指向所述新存储单元的过程。
13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，所述更新所述条目的过程包括当所述项不再存储在所述存储介质上时，从所述列表移除所述条目。
14.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，产生所述列表的过程包括将所述项拷贝到新列表的过程，包括在所述新列表中制作条目，并根据所述新列表的条目模板将所述属性值从所述原始条目拷贝到所述新条目。
15.如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，产生所述列表的过程包括将所述项移到新列表的过程，包括将所述项拷贝到所述新列表的过程，以及从所述原始列表删除所述条目的过程。
16.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述处理单元还操作从所述存储介质删除项的过程，它包括移除指向所述项的所有条目。
17.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述已产生列表是XML格式的文件，且其中所述列表中的条目是对项的非持有引用，而所述属性是与所述项相关联的元数据，并且更新所述条目包括串行化对所述引用的外壳链接。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述已产生列表是文件系统容件，且所述条目是对项的持有引用，所述持有引用反映了所述项的当前存储单元。
19.一种用于管理数据的系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
用于定义具有项类型和关系类型的列表的装置；
用于通过根据所述关系类型产生所述列表中一条目把项添加到所述列表中的装置，所述条目表示项与项类型之间的关联；以及
用于在所述项的状态改变的任何时候，更新所述条目的装置。
20.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括用于更新所述条目以指向所述项的当前存储单元的装置，而无论所述项的真正存储单元在哪里。
21.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括用于在删除所述项时自动地从所述列表中移除所述条目的装置。
22.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括用于定义所述关系类型的属性的装置，其中根据所述关系类型产生所述列表中条目包括产生所述属性的值。
23.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括用于把所述项移到新列表的装置，其中移动包括从所述原始列表中删除所述条目，在所述新列表中产生条目，并拷贝所述新列表的关系类型所具有的与所述原始列表的关系类型相同的任意属性的值。
24.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括用于将所述项拷贝到新列表的装置，其中拷贝包括在所述新列表中产生条目，并拷贝所述新列表的关系类型所具有的与所述原始列表的关系类型相同的任意属性的值。
25.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括用于将一示图应用到所述列表的装置，其中应用所述示图包括在列表中检索具有与在所述示图中指定的属性相匹配属性的条目，并把显示特征应用于所述匹配属性的值。
26.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述列表以XML格式存储，其中所述条目是对关联于项类型的项的非持有引用，且所述属性是与所述项相关联的元数据，并且更新所述条目包括串行化对所述引用的外壳链接。
27.如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于，所述列表被存储在文件系统容件中，且所述条目是对项的持有引用，所述持有引用反映了所述项的当前状态。
CNB2004800013542A 2003-10-24 2004-07-27 使用静态列表管理数据的系统和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100369035C (zh)

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